研究者詳細 - 宗村　広昭

論文 - 宗村　広昭

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多周波数電磁探査法による森林の管理が土壌環境に与える影響評価 (JpGU特集) 査読

宮本珠未, 川原まどか, 森也寸志, 宗村広昭, 井手淳一郎, 高橋絵里奈, 米康充, 末継淳

土壌の物理性 = Journal of the Japanese Society of Soil Physics 124 ( 124 ) 17 - 24 2013年7月

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：土壌物理学会

農林地は流域面積の中で大きな割合を占め，広大な土壌環境を効果的に調査できればその効果は非常に大きい。本研究では，多周波数電磁探査機を用いて土壌の電気伝導度を測定し，森林の管理が土壌環境に与える影響を調べた。電磁探査の結果を鉛直プロファイルで表示すると，土壌環境の違いは表層近くに特徴的に現れており，間伐が遅れている森林では表層土壌の電気伝導度が高くなる結果が得られた。同サイトでは土壌の透水性が低い傾向があり，有機物も浅部のみに見られることから，浸透性の悪さが表層への物質の集中を促していると推測された。また農地としての履歴のある森林では，表層土壌の電気伝導度が高くなる傾向があり，過去の利用履歴が土壌環境に影響していた。多周波数電磁探査法は非接触で短時間に広範囲の土壌調査が可能であり，詳細調査の前のスクリーニングに役立つと考えられた。

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その他リンク： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010853115

SWATモデルの水田を含む流域への適用の問題点と改善に向けて査読

加藤亮, 渡邊裕純, Julien Boulange, 江口定夫, 坂口敦, 宗村広昭

農業農村工学会誌 81 ( 12 ) 983 - 987 2013年

Impact of suspended sediment and nutrient loading from land uses against water quality in the Hii River basin, Japan 査読国際共著国際誌

H. Somura, I. Takeda, J. G. Arnold, Y. Mori, J. Jeong, N. Kannan, D. Hoffman

JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY 450 25 - 35 2012年7月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Lake Shinji lies in eastern Shimane Prefecture, and is typical of brackish lakes in Japan. Water quality of the lake does not meet the expected environmental standards for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP), even though the national and prefectural governments have tried to improve water quality by developing maintenance scenarios for sewage, plant effluent, agricultural activity, and forestry. Consequently, detailed data of nutrient loading to the lake from river inflows is crucial to support strategies for improving the lake water environment. The Hii River contributes approximately 80% of the discharge flowing into the lake. In this study, we examine the Hii River catchment with a focus on land uses such as paddy fields, upland fields, residential areas, and forestry. Average annual discharges of suspended sediment (SS), TN, and TP loads were determined at Otsu, near the outlet of the basin into Lake Shinji. We also determined average yield per unit area of SS, TN, and TP loads from each land use. Yields per unit area from upland areas were the greatest, whereas yields from forests were the lowest. Forests were the largest contributor of SS, TN, and TP in the basin, because of its dominant land area. Upland fields had the second largest impact on these loads in the basin, because fertilizer applied to the fields is a major source of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). large differences in yields per unit area between fine and rainy day conditions were also observed, especially for SS and TP loads. Furthermore, we determined that a major pathway of N to the river was through groundwater, regardless of land use, whereas P was transported to the river with sediments, especially in paddy and upland fields. Based on these analyses, it will be difficult to reduce the SS load discharge in the basin in the future, because forestry is the major source. In contrast, N and P load reductions are straightforward, because the primary source is agricultural, and appropriate management of fertilizer application will be a key factor in reducing loads. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.05.032

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2592-7174

斐伊川流域における確率水文量の経年変化査読

佐藤裕和, 武田育郎, 宗村広昭

土木学会論文集B1（水工学） 68 ( 4 ) 1387 - 1392 2012年

島根県隠岐の島町スギ人工林における間伐の現状査読

高橋絵里奈, 米康充, 森也寸志, 宗村広昭, 井手淳一郎, 佐藤利夫, 竹内典之

森林応用研究 21 ( 2 ) 9 - 16 2012年

強雨が森林流域における土壌浸透水の水質へ及ぼす影響査読

森澤太平, 森也寸志, 井手淳一郎, 宗村広昭, 武田育郎, 井上光弘

雨水資源化システム学会誌 16 ( 2 ) 61 - 67 2011年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：日本雨水資源化システム学会

Soil infiltration process greatly contributes to the hydrological process in watershed, thus, soil infiltration water and runoff water were collected to characterize pollutant load from two planted forests. Especially, this study focused on the heavy rain which is reported to be increasing because of climate change. Glass fiber wick samplers were used to collect soil infiltration water samples, while runoff water was collected at the weir. Results showed that the wick sampler successfully collected the soil infiltration water without accumulating excess water above the device. The amounts of pollutant loads in soil infiltration water (total organic carbon; TOC, total nitrogen; TN) were positively correlated with pollutant loads in runoff water, which directly showed the contribution of soil water to runoff water. During the research period, environmental pollution load density in soil infiltration water was negatively correlated with sampled soil water volume. This could be a dilution effect caused by rainfall infiltration. However, after the heavy rainfall, soil infiltration water quality showed higher concentration than other rainfall events. The trend was clear in the long lasting strong rainfall, especially for well conductive forest slope. Because of the high permeable properties, pollutant loads from the soil surface easily reached to the depth of glass fiber wick (50cm depth), without filtering process through the soil body.

DOI： 10.7132/jrcsa.KJ00007225460

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Simulation of nutrients from an agricultural watershed in Japan using the SWAT model 査読

T. Kato, H. Somura, H. Kuroda, H. Nakasone

International Agricultural Engineering Journal 20 ( 3 ) 40 - 49 2011年

Recovery of phosphorus from natural water bodies using iron-oxidizing bacteria and woody biomass 査読

Ikuo Takeda, Hiroaki Somura, Yasushi Mori

ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING 36 ( 8 ) 1064 - 1069 2010年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

There is a global concern that phosphorus (P) resources will be depleted in the near future, but the P flux from water to land is extremely limited, whereas the reverse flux is substantial. A new method for the recovery of P from natural water bodies was proposed using iron-oxidizing bacteria and woody biomass (heartwood of conifer) as a carrier and a practical demonstration was presented. The woody carrier was immersed in water abundant in iron-oxidizing bacteria and removed 1-10 weeks later. Our results showed that the immersed carrier collected biogenic iron (Fe) oxides produced by iron-oxidizing bacteria, and contained about 0.2 mg g(-1) of P after 3 weeks; this amount was higher than that contained in some P fertile soils used for cultivating plants. The biogenic Fe oxides on the carrier acted as a source of P for plant cultivation, and they could adsorb P from P-rich solutions (10 mg L(-1) of PO(4)-P). Although our study involved only a small-scale trial, the proposed method can potentially aid in the effective use of Pin water and in water quality improvement if conducted on a large scale. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.04.019

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Soil erosion characterization in an agricultural watershed in West Sumatra, Indonesia 査読

Aflizar, Saidi, A, Husnain, Indra, R, Darmawan, Harmailis, Somura, H, Wakatsuki, T, Masunaga, T

Tropics 19 ( 1 ) 29 - 42 2010年

A land use planning recommendation for the Sumani watershed, West Sumatra, Indonesia 査読

Aflizar, Saidi, A, Husnain, Ismawardi, Bambang Istijono, Harmailis, Somura, H, Wakatsuki, T, Masunaga, T

Tropics 19 ( 1 ) 43 - 51 2010年

降雨強度と雨水の水質が土壌浸透流出水の水質へ及ぼす影響査読

森澤太平, 森也寸志, 井手淳一郎, 宗村広昭, 武田育郎, 井上光弘

土壌の物理性 114 ( 114 ) 3 - 10 2010年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：土壌物理学会

流域調査において、豪雨後に土壌浸透水の溶質濃度が高くなる現象が捉えられたが、その要因については精査できなかった。本研究では降雨条件に着目し、土壌充填カラムに人工雨水と人工酸性雨水を2、4、20、80mm／hrの降雨強度でそれぞれ320mmずつ降らせ、下方から流出した土壌浸透水（流出水）中のDOC、TN、NO3（－）、Cl（－）、SO4（2－）、Na（＋）、K（＋）、NH4（＋）、Mg（2＋）、Ca（2＋）濃度を分析した。その結果、80mm／hrの降雨強度では溶質濃度が高くなり、溶質の流出量が大きくなった。この濃度は雨水より高く、物理プロセスであるリーチングが優勢であると考えられた。人工酸性雨水では80mm／hrの降雨強度で溶質の流出が大きくなり、降雨強度に酸性物質が加わることでさらなる流出が観察された。

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その他リンク： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010792004

Impact of climate change on the Hii River basin and salinity in Lake Shinji: a case study using the SWAT model and a regression curve 査読国際共著国際誌

H. Somura, J. Arnold, D. Hoffman, I. Takeda, Y. Mori, M. Di Luzio

HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES 23 ( 13 ) 1887 - 1900 2009年6月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

The impacts of climate change oil water resources were analysed for the Hii River basin and downstream Lake Shinji. The variation between saline and fresh water within these systems means that they encompass diverse ecosystems. Changes in evapotranspiration (ET), snow water equivalent, discharge into the basin, and lake salinity were determined for different climate scenarios. The impact of climate change on a brackish water clam found in the lake was then examined using simulated monthly variations of lake salinity and information from prior Studies of the clam.
ET increased and snow water equivalent decreased for all scenarios incorporating temperature rise, particularly during the winter season. Furthermore, ET and snow water equivalent were not as sensitive to variations in precipitation and thus temperature rise was considered to be a major factor for these variables. Nevertheless, monthly discharge Volume was more influenced by variation in precipitation than variations in temperature. Discharge increased during both the summer and winter season, since precipitation contributed to river discharge instead of being stored as snow pack during the winter season. The magnitudes of salinity dilutions and concentrations predicted under the climate change scenarios Would not be lethal for adult clams. However, the egg-laying season of the clam would coincide with periods of strong salinity dilution in the lake. Since juveniles are less tolerant to changes in salinity, future generations of the clam may be affected and reproduction of the clam may be reduced by increasing precipitation in the future. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/hyp.7321

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2592-7174

Influence of puddling procedures on the quality of rice paddy drainage water 査読国際誌

Hiroaki Somura, Ikuo Takeda, Yasushi Mori

AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT 96 ( 6 ) 1052 - 1058 2009年6月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

Drainage water quality in rice paddies was strongly influenced by the puddling of soil in the paddy fields by tractors and in response to opening of drainage gates. The concentrations of contaminants in drainage water increased rapidly when the puddling process began and were maintained at high concentrations throughout the puddling period. Moreover, the high concentrations did not decrease immediately after the puddling procedures ceased. Additionally, the ratio of dissolved nitrogen and phosphorous to total nitrogen and total phosphorous increased daily during the last half of the puddling period, due to discharge of chemical fertilizers with the drainage water. Also, the loads of particulate nitrogen and phosphorus discharged during the puddling period were larger than the loads discharge during irrigation. The discharge from paddy fields during puddling also increased the total annual contaminant load. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.agwat.2008.12.005

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2592-7174

間伐遅れの針葉樹人工林における水文特性とタンクモデル定数との関係査読

戸田政仁, 武田育郎, 宗村広昭, 井手淳一郎

応用水文 21 1 - 9 2009年

Long-term trends in water quality in an under-populated watershed and influence of precipitation 査読

Takeda, I, Fukushima, A, Somura, H

Journal of Water and Environment Technology 7 ( 4 ) 293 - 306 2009年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Japan Society on Water Environment

An investigation of the water quality in an under-populated watershed was conducted over a 15-year period in which data was collected at weekly intervals. The purposes of this study were to analyze the long-term trends in water quality and to evaluate the relationship between the water quality and precipitation. Concentrations of total phosphorus (T-P), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and suspended solids (SS) reached remarkably high values under heavy precipitation conditions, and these concentrations increased exponentially with the amount of precipitation. Over the course of this study, the population, number of factories, animals (cow and pig), and area of agricultural land exhibited clearly decreasing trends, while steady progress in domestic wastewater treatment was realized. However, no clear decrease in the parameters of water quality was observed, and some nitrogen, phosphorus, and COD concentrations increased even though no significant change in precipitation occurred. A possible hypothesis explaining this lack of a clear decrease in water quality is that specific pollutant outflows from forests and agricultural lands may have increased in recent years. This is because poorly managed forests and agricultural lands in the under-populated watershed have adversely affected the water quality of the rivers.

DOI： 10.2965/jwet.2009.293

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Sensitivity analyses of hydrologic and suspended sediment discharge in the abashiri river basin, hokkaido region, Japan 査読国際誌

Somura, H., Takeda, I., Mori, Y.

International Agricultural Engineering Journal 18 ( 1-2 ) 27 - 39 2009年

谷津農業集水域における降雨時の硝酸態窒素流出特性査読

加藤亮, 宗村広昭, 大澤和敏, 黒田久雄

農業農村工学会論文集 261 ( 3 ) 49 - 55 2009年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：公益社団法人農業農村工学会

谷津農業集水域の排水路において，降雨時の硝酸態窒素（NO₃-N）の流出特性を灌漑期，直接流出，先行降水量の観点から考察した．各降雨イベントにおいて，流量が増加するとNO₃-N濃度は減少する傾向を示した．複数の降雨イベントのNO₃-N濃度と流量の関係を灌漑期と非灌漑期に分けてそれぞれ一つの散布図に示したところ，累乗関数にて統計的に有意な関係がみられた．灌漑期のNO₃-N濃度は，同等の流量の非灌漑期のNO₃-N濃度より低い値で推移し，灌漑用水と水田の窒素除去機能の影響が考えられた．特に，直接流出とNO₃-N濃度との関連が強かった．また，降雨イベント前5日間降水量（先行5日降水量）が大きい場合のNO₃-N濃度は，同等の流量における先行5日降水量が小さい場合のNO₃-N濃度より低い値で推移した．以上から，降雨時の排水路のNO₃-N濃度は，灌漑用水，直接流出，先行降水量の影響を受けていることが示唆された．

DOI： 10.11408/jsidre.77.281

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間伐遅れの針葉樹人工林における水文流出の特徴とその長期変動査読

武田育郎, 福島晟, 宗村広昭

農業農村工学会論文集 263 41 - 48 2009年

Impacts of nutrient management and decrease in paddy field area on groundwater nitrate concentration: a case study at the Nasunogahara alluvial fan, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan 査読国際共著国際誌

Hiroaki Somura, Akira Goto, Hiroyuki Matsui, Elhassan Ali Musa

HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES 22 ( 24 ) 4752 - 4766 2008年11月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD

In order to help evaluate the trends in the NO(3)-N concentration in groundwater with a view to preventing further degradation in water quality in the future, a distributed groundwater quality model was constructed tor the Nasunogahara basin. The best fit for the groundwater table elevations by the flow component of the model was achieved with average mean absolute errors (MAEs) of 0.92 m for the calibration period and 0-83 in for the validation period. Moreover. the best fit for the NO(3)-N concentration by the water quality component was achieved with average mean relative errors (MREs) of 29-8% for the calibration period and 30.3% for the validation period. After developing a robust model. various change scenarios were tested specifically. the effects of effluent load control and a decrease in paddy field area on the NO(3)-N concentration in groundwater were predicted. The most intensively farmed area contributed about 40% of the total effluent load because of livestock fanning ill the basin. When the effluent load from this area was decreased by 50%, the average NO(3)-N concentrations at sites S1, S2 and S3 were reduced by about 15%: however, the average concentrations at S4 and S5 were reduced by only 1%. Furthermore. when the total effluent load from the concentrated livestock area was removed completely, the average groundwater NO(3)-N concentrations at SI, S2 and S3 were reduced by about 30% as compared with the original calculated results. In contrast. decreasing the area of the paddy fields in the basin did not greatly influence the groundwater NO(3)-N concentration. In the case of a 70% reduction in paddy field area, average NO(3)-N concentrations increased by about 7% at S1. S2 and S3. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Soils, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/hyp.7089

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2592-7174

Decadal fluctuations in the consumption of irrigation water during the rainy season, Lower Mekong River 査読国際誌

Hiroaki Somura, Koshi Yoshida, Hajime Tanji

HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES 22 ( 9 ) 1310 - 1320 2008年4月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY

The importance of proper water management means that the consumption of irrigation water should be estimated even in areas where data are scarce. The Mekong River, particularly the lower part, is one area where irrigation water has received little research attention. Studies that seek to estimate the use of irrigation water in this area are restricted by a lack of hydrological data; consequently, alternative methods are required to obtain these data. One solution is the use of model simulations. The main difference between our approach and existing irrigation-water estimation models is that we consider agricultural data in estimating the use of irrigation water, especially that used for rice production, as these data are relatively easy to collect. As a result, rice production during the rainy season in the target area was computed for 10 years with errors of less than 30%. The average values of calculated and observed rice yields per hectare were 1.3 and 1.7 t/ha in Thailand, 2.5 and 2.7 t/ha in Lao PDR, and 1.2 and 1.3 t/ha in Cambodia, respectively. In addition, we clarified decadal fluctuations in horizontal supplied (HS) water and irrigation water. The average values of HS water supplied to the paddy fields during the simulation period were approximately 17.2 km(3)/rainy season in Thailand (388 mm), 0-81 km(3)/rainy season in Lao PDR (245 mm), and 4.4 km(3)/rainy season in Cambodia (322 mm). Comparisons with HS water (7.4 km3/rainy season) and the existing requirements for irrigation water revealed that the simulation yielded acceptable values, thus verifying the reproducibility of the model results. Finally, we calculated the average water balances during the growth period for rice. The highest amount of irrigation water per unit irrigated area during the rainy season was used in Lao PDR, though the volume of irrigation water was greatest in Thailand. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/hyp.6940

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その他リンク： http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2592-7174

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