Faculty Profiles - Nojima Tsuyoshi

Papers - Nojima Tsuyoshi

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Bile pigments in emergency and critical care medicine. Reviewed International journal

Mizuki Seya, Toshiyuki Aokage, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Atsunori Nakao, Hiromichi Naito

European journal of medical research 27 ( 1 ) 224 - 224 2022.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Bile pigments, such as bilirubin and biliverdin, are end products of the heme degradation pathway in mammals and are widely known for their cytotoxic effects. However, recent studies have revealed that they exert cytoprotective effects through antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and immunosuppressive properties. All these mechanisms are indispensable in the treatment of diseases in the field of emergency and critical care medicine, such as coronary ischemia, stroke, encephalomyelitis, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, mesenteric ischemia, and sepsis. While further research is required before the safe application of bile pigments in the clinical setting, their underlying mechanisms shed light on their utilization as therapeutic agents in the field of emergency and critical care medicine. This article aims to summarize the current understanding of bile pigments and re-evaluate their therapeutic potential in the diseases listed above.

DOI： 10.1186/s40001-022-00863-0

Elderly woman with rapid progression of swallowing difficulty. Reviewed International journal

Ryo Tanabe, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Tetsuya Yumoto, Atsunori Nakao

Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open 3 ( 5 ) e12806 2022.10

Luminal administration of biliverdin ameliorates ischemia-reperfusion injury following intestinal transplant in rats. Reviewed International journal

Tsuyoshi Nojima, Takafumi Obara, Hirotsugu Yamamoto, Tetsuya Yumoto, Takuro Igawa, Toshiyuki Aokage, Mizuki Seya, Atsunori Nakao, Hiromichi Naito

Surgery 172 ( 5 ) 1522 - 1528 2022.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Intestinal grafts are susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion injury, resulting in the loss of mucosal barrier function and graft failure. Biliverdin is known to exert a variety of cytoprotective functions against oxidative tissue injury. Because the mucosal layer is the primary site of ischemia-reperfusion injury, mucosa-targeting strategies by luminal delivery of reagents might be beneficial. We tested whether intraluminal administration of biliverdin as an adjuvant to standard preservation solutions protected against ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Orthotopic syngeneic intestinal transplants were performed on Lewis rats after 6 hours of cold preservation. Saline containing biliverdin (10 μM) or without biliverdin was introduced into the lumen of the intestinal grafts immediately before cold preservation. RESULTS: Damage to the intestinal mucosa caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury resulted in severe morphological changes, including blunting of the villi and erosion, and led to significant loss of gut barrier function 3 hours after reperfusion. These changes to the mucosa were notably ameliorated by intraluminal administration of biliverdin. Biliverdin also effectively inhibited upregulation of messenger RNAs for interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and C-C motif chemokine 2. Additionally, biliverdin treatment prevented the loss of expression of claudin-1, a transmembrane, tight-junction barrier protein. The 14-day survival of recipients of biliverdin-treated grafts was significantly improved as compared with the recipients of saline-treated control grafts (83.3% vs 38.9%, P = .030). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that luminally delivered biliverdin provides beneficial effects during the transplant of rat small intestinal grafts and could be an attractive therapeutic option in organ transplantation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.surg.2022.07.021

Mid-term (30- to 90-day) neurological changes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients: A nationwide retrospective study (the JAAM-OHCA registry) Reviewed International journal

Hiromichi Naito, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Takashi Yorifuji, Noritomo Fujisaki, Atsunori Nakao

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine 58 27 - 32 2022.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Elsevier BV

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have focused on mid/long-term neurological changes in out-of- hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. Some studies suggest that there is still a slow, small, progressive improvement in cognitive function and quality of life for this population, even in the mid/long term. However, clinical data focused on mid/long-term outcomes for OHCA patients are still lacking. This study aimed to assess mid-term neurological changes in OHCA patients. We summarized patients' improved or worsened neurological changes between 30 and 90 days. Then we identified the relationship between clinical variables and 30- to 90-day neurological improvement. METHODS: A retrospective review of data (Jun 2014 - Dec 2017) from a Japanese nationwide OHCA registry was conducted. Inclusion criteria were OHCA patients ≥18 years old. Exclusion criteria were death within 30 days and missing Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) score at 30 and 90 days. We described the distributions of 30-day and 90-day CPC scores as well as the number and portion of patients whose CPC scores improved and worsened between 30 and 90 days. Additionally, factors affecting improved neurological changes over the time period were examined using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the registry's 34,745 patients, 1868 were analyzed. Favorable neurological outcomes (CPC scores of 1 and 2) were seen in 1020/1868 patients at 90 days. CPC scores at 90 days were: CPC 1: 866 (46%), CPC 2: 154 (8.2%), CPC 3: 224 (12%), and CPC 4: 392 (20%), respectively. A total of 232 patients (CPC 5: 12%) died between 30 and 90 days. In 133 patients (7%), 90-day CPC scores improved compared to their 30-day scores. In 260 patients (14%), 90-day CPC scores worsened compared with their 30-day scores. Application of target temperature management was an independent factor for 30- to 90-day neurological improvement (adjusted odds ratio: 1.69, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-2.68). CONCLUSIONS: In our nationwide registry, 7% of resuscitated patients had improved neurological changes in the 30- to 90-day period; most of the improvements were CPC scores improving from 2 to 1. Target temperature management was an independent factor associated with CPC improvement over the 30- to 90-day period.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.05.017

The Impact of Medical Students Teaching Basic Life Support to Laypersons. Reviewed

Yoshinori Kosaki, Hiromichi Naito, Atsuyoshi Iida, Hiromi Ihoriya, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Taihei Yamada, Hirotsugu Yamamoto, Shunsuke Nakamura, Yasuhiro Mandai, Atsunori Nakao

Acta medica Okayama 76 ( 3 ) 265 - 271 2022.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Basic life support (BLS) courses for laypersons, including cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training, is known to improve outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac events. We asked medical students to provide BLS training for laypersons as a part of their emergency medicine education and evaluated the effects of training on the BLS skills of laypersons. We also used a questionnaire to determine whether the medical students who provided the BLS training were themselves more confident and motivated to perform BLS compared to students who did not provide BLS training. The proportions of laypersons who reported confidence in checking for a response, performing chest compressions, and automated external defibrillator (AED) use were significantly increased after the BLS training. The proportions of medical students who reported increased confidence/motivation in terms of understanding BLS, checking for a response, chest compression, use of AED, and willingness to perform BLS were significantly greater among medical students who provided BLS instructions compared to those who did not. BLS instruction by medical students was associated with an improvement in laypersons' CPR accuracy and confidence in responding to cardiac arrest. The results indicate that medical students could gain understanding, confidence, and motivation in regard to their BLS skills by teaching BLS to laypersons.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/63720

Thoracic vertebral fractures and azygos or hemiazygos vein injuries during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: Caution needed. Reviewed International journal

Tsuyoshi Nojima, Tetsuya Yumoto, Hiromichi Naito, Atsunori Nakao

Resuscitation plus 10 100261 - 100261 2022.6

Prehospital emergency life-saving technicians promote the survival of trauma patients: A retrospective cohort study. Reviewed International journal

Takeshi Nishimura, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Hiromichi Naito, Satoshi Ishihara, Shinichi Nakayama, Atsunori Nakao

The American journal of emergency medicine 56 218 - 222 2022.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: Appropriate decisions by medical technicians at a trauma scene may influence a patient's prognosis. Emergency life-saving technicians (ELSTs) are certified specialists trained with the knowledge to provide advanced techniques for prehospital emergency care in Japan. However, the benefit of treatment by ELSTs compared to basic emergency medical technicians (BEMTs) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine whether treatment by ELSTs improves outcomes for trauma patients. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the Japan Trauma Data Bank for the years 2004 to 2017. Patients transferred to the hospital directly from the trauma scene and at least 16 years old were included in this study. The following criteria were used to exclude patients; presence of burns, untreatable severe traumas, unknown ELST attendance, and missing prognosis. We compared two groups (ELST group: patients transported by emergency medical services (EMS) with the presence of at least one ELST; BEMT group: patients transported only by BEMTs). Primary outcome was survival to discharge. Secondary outcomes were the need of definitive treatments defined by surgical intervention, intravascular radiology and blood transfusion at the receiving hospital within 24 h. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI) adjusted by age, sex, revised trauma score, and Injury severity score (ISS). RESULTS: Overall survival to discharge did not improve significantly (adjusted OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.99-1.30) with ELST intervention. In-hospital blood transfusion was more frequently required in the ELST group (adjusted OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.01-1.20). Emergency interventions (adjusted OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.97-1.09) were not different between the groups. In stratified analysis, the benefit of ELST attendance for survival was observed among patients with ISS <16 (adjusted OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.10-2.15), aged 65 years or older (adjusted OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.07-1.52), during the earlier study period (2004-2008, adjusted OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.14-1.97), and shorter transportation time (adjusted OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.03-1.41). CONCLUSIONS: Dispatch systems with ELST should be considered for trauma transports, which may benefit elderly or moderate severity trauma groups, with shorter transportation time conditions.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.04.004

Can Blood Ammonia Level, Prehospital Time, and Return of Spontaneous Circulation Predict Neurological Outcomes of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients? A Nationwide, Retrospective Cohort Study. Reviewed International journal

Tsuyoshi Nojima, Hiromichi Naito, Takafumi Obara, Kohei Ageta, Hiromasa Yakushiji, Tetsuya Yumoto, Noritomo Fujisaki, Atsunori Nakao

Journal of clinical medicine 11 ( 9 ) 2022.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to test if blood ammonia levels at hospital arrival, considering prehospital time and the patient's condition (whether return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC] was achieved at hospital arrival), can predict neurological outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study on data from a nationwide OHCA registry in Japan. Patients over 17 years old and whose blood ammonia levels had been recorded were included. The primary outcome was favorable neurological outcome at 30 days after OHCA. Blood ammonia levels, prehospital time, and the combination of the two were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve to predict favorable outcomes. Then, cut-off blood ammonia values were determined based on whether ROSC was achieved at hospital arrival. RESULTS: Blood ammonia levels alone were sufficient to predict favorable outcomes. The overall cut-off ammonia value for favorable outcomes was 138 μg/dL; values were different for patients with ROSC (96.5 μg/dL) and those without ROSC (156 μg/dL) at hospital arrival. CONCLUSIONS: Our results using patient data from a large OHCA registry showed that blood ammonia levels at hospital arrival can predict neurological outcomes, with different cut-off values for patients with or without ROSC at hospital arrival.

DOI： 10.3390/jcm11092566

Adult Scurvy Presenting with Painful Purpura on the Legs Reviewed

Nayu Tamura, Takafumi Obara, Taihei Yamada, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Shunsuke Nakamura, Yasuhiro Koide, Makoto Takaoka, Hiromichi Naito, Atsunori Nakao

Internal Medicine 61 ( 12 ) 1913 - 1916 2022

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

Prolonged vitamin C deficiency can result in numerous metabolic abnormalities like impaired tissue repair and defective collagen synthesis. This case report describes a middle-age Japanese man presenting painful purpura on his lower limbs, severe anemia, and altered consciousness. The patient had been eating a selective diet lacking in vegetables and fruits since childhood. A serum analysis demonstrated a low level of vitamin C. The patient was treated with vitamin supplementation and psychological intervention. Scurvy is an under-considered illness with a favorable prognosis if diagnosed early while it is still sporadically encountered in some patients with malabsorption or malnutrition even in modern times.

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.8409-21

Hamman's Syndrome Accompanied by Diabetic Ketoacidosis; a Case Report. Reviewed International journal

Koya Yamashita, Takashi Hongo, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Tetsuya Yumoto, Atsunori Nakao, Hiromichi Naito

Archives of academic emergency medicine 10 ( 1 ) e68 2022

Language：English

Hamman's syndrome is an uncommon clinical entity characterized by an idiopathic spontaneous pneumomediastinum as a result of a sudden increase in intra-alveolar pressure. It can be triggered by repeated vomiting or Kussmaul breathing associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Careful attention to this particular condition is needed to avoid under-diagnosis and to provide optimal management. Herein, we report a case of an 18-year-old man complaining of chest discomfort and progressive weight loss, ultimately diagnosed with Hamman's syndrome secondary to DKA. The patient's symptoms disappeared after intravenous fluid and insulin administration, while his pneumomediastinum resolved following conservative treatment. Our report highlights the importance of recognition of the links between pneumomediastinum as a cause of chest pain in patients with DKA.

DOI： 10.22037/aaem.v10i1.1709

Luminal Administration of a Water-soluble Carbon Monoxide-releasing Molecule (CORM-3) Mitigates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Rats Following Intestinal Transplantation. Reviewed International journal

Takafumi Obara, Hirotsugu Yamamoto, Toshiyuki Aokage, Takuro Igawa, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Takahiro Hirayama, Mizuki Seya, Michiko Ishikawa-Aoyama, Atsunori Nakao, Roberto Motterlini, Hiromichi Naito

Transplantation 106 ( 7 ) 1365 - 1375 2021.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: The protective effects of carbon monoxide (CO) against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury during organ transplantation have been extensively investigated. Likewise, CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) are known to exert a variety of pharmacological activities via liberation of controlled amounts of CO in organs. Therefore, we hypothesized that intraluminal administration of water-soluble CORM-3 during cold storage of intestinal grafts would provide protective effects against IR injury. METHODS: Orthotopic syngeneic intestinal transplantation was performed in Lewis rats following 6 h of cold preservation in Ringer solution or University of Wisconsin solution. Saline containing CORM-3 (100 µmol/L) or its inactive counterpart (iCORM-3) was intraluminally introduced in the intestinal graft before cold preservation. RESULTS: Histopathological analysis of untreated and iCORM-3-treated grafts revealed a similar erosion and blunting of the intestinal villi. These changes in the mucosa structure were significantly attenuated by intraluminal administration of CORM-3. Intestinal mucosa damage caused by IR injury led to considerable deterioration of gut barrier function 3 h postreperfusion. CORM-3 significantly inhibited upregulation of proinflammatory mRNA levels, ameliorated intestinal morphological changes, and improved graft blood flow and mucosal barrier function. Additionally, CORM-3-treated grafts increased recipient survival rates. Pharmacological blockade of soluble guanylyl cyclase activity significantly reversed the protective effects conferred by CORM-3, indicating that CO partially mediates its therapeutic actions via soluble guanylyl cyclase activation. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that luminally delivered CORM-3 provides beneficial effects in cold-stored rat small intestinal grafts and could be an attractive therapeutic application of CO in the clinical setting of organ preservation and transplantation.

DOI： 10.1097/TP.0000000000004007

The effects of inhaling hydrogen gas on macrophage polarization, fibrosis, and lung function in mice with bleomycin-induced lung injury. Reviewed International journal

Toshiyuki Aokage, Mizuki Seya, Takahiro Hirayama, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Masumi Iketani, Michiko Ishikawa, Yasuhiro Terasaki, Akihiko Taniguchi, Nobuaki Miyahara, Atsunori Nakao, Ikuroh Ohsawa, Hiromichi Naito

BMC pulmonary medicine 21 ( 1 ) 339 - 339 2021.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, which is caused by acute lung injury, is a destructive respiratory disorder caused by a systemic inflammatory response. Persistent inflammation results in irreversible alveolar fibrosis. Because hydrogen gas possesses anti-inflammatory properties, we hypothesized that daily repeated inhalation of hydrogen gas could suppress persistent lung inflammation by inducing functional changes in macrophages, and consequently inhibit lung fibrosis during late-phase lung injury. METHODS: To test this hypothesis, lung injury was induced in mice by intratracheal administration of bleomycin (1.0 mg/kg). Mice were exposed to control gas (air) or hydrogen (3.2% in air) for 6 h every day for 7 or 21 days. Respiratory physiology, tissue pathology, markers of inflammation, and macrophage phenotypes were examined. RESULTS: Mice with bleomycin-induced lung injury that received daily hydrogen therapy for 21 days (BH group) exhibited higher static compliance (0.056 mL/cmH2O, 95% CI 0.047-0.064) than mice with bleomycin-induced lung injury exposed only to air (BA group; 0.042 mL/cmH2O, 95% CI 0.031-0.053, p = 0.02) and lower static elastance (BH 18.8 cmH2O/mL, [95% CI 15.4-22.2] vs. BA 26.7 cmH2O/mL [95% CI 19.6-33.8], p = 0.02). When the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined 7 days after bleomycin administration, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4 and IL-13 were significantly lower in the BH group than in the BA group. There were significantly fewer M2-biased macrophages in the alveolar interstitium of the BH group than in the BA group (3.1% [95% CI 1.6-4.5%] vs. 1.1% [95% CI 0.3-1.8%], p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that hydrogen inhalation inhibits the deterioration of respiratory physiological function and alveolar fibrosis in this model of lung injury.

DOI： 10.1186/s12890-021-01712-2

Association between emergency medical service transport time and survival in patients with traumatic cardiac arrest: a Nationwide retrospective observational study. Reviewed International journal

Hiromichi Naito, Tetsuya Yumoto, Takashi Yorifuji, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Hirotsugu Yamamoto, Taihei Yamada, Kohei Tsukahara, Mototaka Inaba, Takeshi Nishimura, Takenori Uehara, Atsunori Nakao

BMC emergency medicine 21 ( 1 ) 104 - 104 2021.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Patients with traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) are known to have poor prognoses. In 2003, the joint committee of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma proposed stopping unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) sustained for > 15 min after TCA. However, in 2013, a specific time-limit for terminating resuscitation was dropped, due to the lack of conclusive studies or data. We aimed to define the association between emergency medical services transport time and survival to demonstrate the survival curve of TCA. METHODS: A retrospective review of the Japan Trauma Data Bank. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 16, at least one trauma with Abbreviated Injury Scale score (AIS) ≥ 3, and CPR performed in a prehospital setting. Exclusion criteria were burn injury, AIS score of 6 in any region, and missing data. Estimated survival rate and risk ratio for survival were analyzed according to transport time for all patients. Analysis was also performed separately on patients with sustained TCA at arrival. RESULTS: Of 292,027 patients in the database, 5336 were included in the study with 4141 sustained TCA. Their median age was 53 years (interquartile range (IQR) 36-70), and 67.2% were male. Their median Injury Severity Score was 29 (IQR 22-41), and median transport time was 11 min (IQR 6-17). Overall survival after TCA was 4.5%; however, survival of patients with sustained TCA at arrival was only 1.2%. The estimated survival rate and risk ratio for sustained TCA rapidly decreased after 15 min of transport time, with estimated survival falling below 1%. CONCLUSION: The chances of survival for sustained TCA declined rapidly while the patient is transported with CPR support. Time should be one reasonable factor for considering termination of resuscitation in patients with sustained TCA, although clinical signs of life, and type and severity of trauma should be taken into account clinically.

DOI： 10.1186/s12873-021-00499-z

Right Hemiplegia Following Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Reviewed International journal

Kenji Aoshima, Hidenaru Yamaoka, Shunsuke Nakamura, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Hiromichi Naito, Atsunori Nakao

Cureus 13 ( 7 ) e16738 2021.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Cureus, Inc.

Acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning remains a common cause of poison-related death and influences neurological function. An 83-year-old female was transferred to our emergency unit due to hypertension with dizziness, headache, and right hemiplegia. There was no radiographic evidence of ischemic stroke. The family members reported that the patient may have been exposed to CO by briquettes burned inside a closed room. High flow oxygen therapy was given for suspected CO intoxication and her symptoms quickly improved. Although we do not have clear evidence, we presume that hemiplegia in our patient was caused by CO intoxication, based on rapid recovery with oxygen therapy, carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level elevation (3.0%), polycythemia, and neuroimaging. Despite the hematogenous effects of CO, paralysis appeared to be more severe on her right side than on her left side. MRI and blood tests helped to support CO as the suspected cause of her hemiplegia. This case reconfirms the importance of medical interviewing by medical practitioners, even in an emergency setting.

DOI： 10.7759/cureus.16738

Unrecognized Orbital Images Cause Diagnostic Confusion: Silicone Oil and Implanted Silicone Encircling Bands Reviewed International journal

Tsuyoshi Nojima, Takafumi Obara, Kohei Tsukahara, Atsunori Nakao, Hiromichi Naito

Case Reports in Emergency Medicine 2021 1 - 3 2021.6

Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Hindawi Limited

Introduction. Most physicians are not familiar with postoperative changes to the orbit, so radiologists and clinicians may sometimes find it challenging to conduct a proper radiological assessment of the globe of the eye and orbital abnormalities. We present a patient with head trauma who had surgery for retinal detachment with implantation of silicone encircling bands. This case report may help clinicians recognize imaging characteristics after ophthalmic surgery to prevent misdiagnosis and unnecessary workup. Case Report. An 18-year-old man with severe head trauma was admitted to our hospital. Initial computed tomography (CT) revealed a high attenuation of intraocular silicone that could be mistaken for a hemorrhage. Ophthalmological examination and detailed ophthalmic history confirmed silicone oil in his eye for treatment of retinal detachment. Knowledge of the anatomical changes and radiological appearance of postsurgical findings following retinal detachment, including the surgical materials of silicone oil or bands, can prevent unnecessary alarm. Conclusion. Implanted ophthalmic devices, for example, silicone oil, appear similar to hemorrhages on CT and magnetic resonance imaging and cause diagnostic confusion. When in doubt, it is useful to assess the clinical presentation and obtain an accurate medical history.

DOI： 10.1155/2021/9940395

Other Link： http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/criem/2021/9940395.xml

Carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Reviewed International journal

Yoshinori Kosaki, Hiroki Maeyama, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Takafumi Obara, Atsunori Nakao, Hiromichi Naito

Clinical case reports 9 ( 5 ) e04138 2021.5

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Caused by Carbon Dioxide Intoxication Reviewed International journal

Haruna Inoue, Takeshi Nishimura, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Hiromichi Naito

Cureus 13 ( 3 ) e14179 2021.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Cureus, Inc.

A 49-year-old man transferred to our hospital for dyspnea that developed while transporting significant loads of dry ice, which may have caused potential carbon dioxide intoxication. On admission, he presented hyperventilation and disorientation. Transthoracic echocardiography showed the reduced motion of the anterior wall of the left ventricle with decreased left ventricular ejection fraction. The patient underwent coronary angiography, which did not show apparent coronary arterial stenosis. The electrocardiogram revealed T-wave change and echocardiography results showed the subsided changes on the third hospital day. He was discharged without any symptoms on the fourth hospital day. Our case demonstrates the potential association between carbon dioxide intoxication and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Our experience may inform emergency physicians in formulating diagnostic/therapeutic approaches for similar patients experiencing cardiac failure following carbon dioxide intoxication.

DOI： 10.7759/cureus.14179

Incidence and characteristics of medical emergencies related to dental treatment: a retrospective single‐center study Reviewed International journal

Kyoichi Obata, Hiromichi Naito, Hiromasa Yakushiji, Takafumi Obara, Kisho Ono, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Kohei Tsukahara, Taihei Yamada, Akira Sasaki, Atsunori Nakao

Acute Medicine & Surgery 8 ( 1 ) e651 2021.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

AIM: Although uncommon, medical emergencies arise in general dental practice. Inadequate data on their severity and frequency makes targeting medical education for general dental practitioners difficult. This also makes planning for unexpected events challenging for practitioners and makes collaborating with emergency physicians burdensome. We aimed to clarify the incidence and characteristics of a dental outpatient department's medical emergencies. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective, observational study was undertaken with patients who visited the dental outpatient department of Okayama University Hospital during the 8-year period. The primary outcome of the study was to identify the incidence and characteristics of medical emergencies in the dental outpatient department. Then we examined the timing of medical emergencies, administered medications, and final disposition (home/admission). RESULTS: During the period, 1,146,929 patients were enrolled. Forty-two patients (0.0037%) were consulted as medical emergencies. More than 60% of the incidents were vasovagal syncope, and dehydration and hypoglycemia were the second most prevalent at 9.5%. The most common types of dental treatments were tooth extraction (45.2%), followed by general dental treatment (28.6%), and other dental surgery such as implant placement (14.3%). Types of medical emergencies occurred equally before, during, and after dental treatment. Antihypertensive agents, sedatives, or glucose were used. For patients with emergencies, 90.5% recovered during the day and returned home, and 9.5% were hospitalized. CONCLUSION: The incidence of medical emergencies was low in our dental outpatient department. Knowledge of basic management principles, regular education for emergency care, and practicing first aid skills are mandatory for safe patient management.

DOI： 10.1002/ams2.651

Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ams2.651

Prevalence and predictors of direct discharge home following hospitalization of patients with serious adverse events managed by the rapid response system in Japan: a multicenter, retrospective, observational study Reviewed International journal

Takashi Hongo, Hiromichi Naito, Toshifumi Fujiwara, Takaki Naito, Yosuke Homma, Yoshihisa Fujimoto, Morooka Takaya, Yuji Yamamori, Taka‐aki Nakada, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Atsunori Nakao, Shigeki Fujitani, Shinsuke Fujiwara, Masayasu Arai, Eiji Kawamoto, Yoshiki Sento, Yuta Kawase, Kazuma Nagata, Takuro Saito, Masahiro Tamashiro, Kazuhiro Aoki, Atsushi Miyawaki, Tomoyuki Masuyama, Tatsuya Kawasaki, Takuya Kawaguchi, Takahiro Atsumi, Tomoyuki Ikeda, Yoshiro Hayashi, Takanao Otake, Masaru Tobe, Ryosuke Sekine, Takaaki Nakada, Kazuhiko Sugimoto, Hiroshi Onozawa, Kentaro Miyake, Chikaaki Nakamichi, Naraba Hiromu, Jun Makino, Kenzo Ishii, Yasunobu Goto, Hitoshi Kikuchi, Tadaaki Takada, Dai Taguchi, Kenzo Ishii, Eisei Hoshiyama, Hiromichi Miyabe, Masaru Okamoto, Masahiro Koide, Yoichi Kase, Takuya Hashino, Takehiro Niitsu, Hiroshi Kamijo

Acute Medicine & Surgery 8 ( 1 ) e690 2021.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

AIM: The rapid response system (RRS) is an in-hospital medical safety system. To date, not much is known about patient disposition after RRS activation, especially discharge home. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of patients with adverse events who required RRS activation. METHODS: Retrospective data from the In-Hospital Emergency Registry in Japan collected from April 2016 to November 2020 were eligible for our analysis. We divided patients into Home Discharge, Transfer, and Death groups. The primary outcome was the prevalence of direct discharge home, and independently associated factors were determined using multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS: We enrolled 2,043 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of discharge home was 45.7%; 934 patients were included in the Home Discharge group. Age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-0.97), malignancy (AOR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-0.99), oxygen administration before RRS (AOR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36-0.66), cerebral performance category score on admission (AOR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.26-0.56), do not attempt resuscitation order before RRS (AOR 0.17; 95% CI, 0.10-0.29), RRS call for respiratory failure (AOR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.34-0.72), RRS call for stroke (AOR 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03-0.37), and intubation (AOR 0.20; 95% CI, 0.12-0.34) were independently negative, and RRS call for anaphylaxis (AOR 15.3; 95% CI, 2.72-86.3) was positively associated with discharge home. CONCLUSION: Less than half of the in-hospital patients under RRS activation could discharge home. Patients' conditions before RRS activation, disorders requiring RRS activation, and intubation were factors that affected direct discharge home.

DOI： 10.1002/ams2.690

Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ams2.690

State‐of‐the‐art methods for the treatment of severe hemorrhagic trauma: selective aortic arch perfusion and emergency preservation and resuscitation—what is next? Reviewed International journal

Atsuyoshi Iida, Hiromichi Naito, Tsuyoshi Nojima, Tetsuya Yumoto, Taihei Yamada, Noritomo Fujisaki, Atsunori Nakao, Takeshi Mikane

Acute Medicine & Surgery 8 ( 1 ) e641 2021.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

Trauma is a primary cause of death globally, with non-compressible torso hemorrhage constituting an important part of "potentially survivable trauma death." Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta has become a popular alternative to aortic cross-clamping under emergent thoracotomy for non-compressible torso hemorrhage in recent years, however, it alone does not improve the survival rate of patients with severe shock or traumatic cardiac arrest from non-compressible torso hemorrhage. Development of novel advanced maneuvers is essential to improve these patients' survival, and research on promising methods such as selective aortic arch perfusion and emergency preservation and resuscitation is ongoing. This review aimed to provide physicians in charge of severe trauma cases with a broad understanding of these novel therapeutic approaches to manage patients with severe hemorrhagic trauma, which may allow them to develop lifesaving strategies for exsanguinating trauma patients. Although there are still hurdles to overcome before their clinical application, promising research on these novel strategies is in progress, and ongoing development of synthetic red blood cells and techniques that reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury may further maximize their effects. Both continuous proof-of-concept studies and translational clinical evaluations are necessary to clinically apply these hemostasis approaches to trauma patients.

DOI： 10.1002/ams2.641

Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/ams2.641

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