Faculty Profiles - KOTANI Yasuhiro

Papers - KOTANI Yasuhiro

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Evaluation of the appropriate root pressure for maintaining heartbeat during an aortic cross-clamp for primary repair of the aortic arch in premature infants with associated cardiac anomalies. Reviewed

Takanori Suezawa, Kozo Ishino, Osami Honjo, Satoru Osaki, Yasuhiro Kotani, Shunji Sano

Acta medica Okayama 64 ( 6 ) 391 - 7 2010.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

We developed a new cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) method to minimize myocardial damage during aortic arch reconstruction. In this method, coronary flow and heartbeat were stabilized by maintaining the aortic root pressure with an adjusted preload of the ventricle during aortic cross-clamping. This study was performed to determine the appropriate root pressure to maintain the heartbeat without causing deterioration of ventricular function. Study 1. Under partial CPB, the ascending aorta was cross-clamped in 6 pigs (group 1). Experimental data at various systolic aortic root pressures was analysed to determine the appropriate root pressure. Study 2. In group 2 (control, n＝6), the aorta was not clamped, while in group 3 (n＝6), the aorta was cross-clamped for 60 min and the systolic aortic root pressure was maintained at the pressure determined in study 1. Study 1. The diastolic coronary flow was stabilized at values comparable to that before initiation of CPB (6.6±1.4 ml/beat) when the systolic aortic root pressure was above 80 mmHg. Intracardiac pressure and the myocardial oxygen consumption (MvO2) seemed to be acceptable when the systolic aortic root pressure was below 100 mmHg. Therefore, 90 mmHg was selected for study 2. Study 2. Perioperative cardiac function did not differ between the groups. We concluded that 90 mmHg was the systolic aortic root pressure appropriate for this method.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation following Norwood stage 1 procedures at a single institution. Reviewed International journal

Shinya Ugaki, Shingo Kasahara, Yasuhiro Kotani, Mahito Nakakura, Takuma Douguchi, Hideshi Itoh, Sadahiko Arai, Shunji Sano

Artificial organs 34 ( 11 ) 898 - 903 2010.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important circulatory assist for children with refractory cardiopulmonary dysfunction, but its role and indications after a stage 1 Norwood procedure are controversial. We assessed outcomes and risk factors in patients who underwent a Norwood palliation and ECMO at our institution. We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent a Norwood procedure and were supported with ECMO between January 1998 and January 2010. Of the 91 children who underwent a Norwood procedure during the study period, there were 15 postoperative runs of ECMO in 12 patients. The diagnoses of the patients included five with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, five with a hypoplastic left heart syndrome variant, and two with critical aortic stenosis. A total of four patients underwent bilateral pulmonary artery banding, and two patients underwent aortic valvuloplasty before the stage 1 Norwood procedure. The mean age of the patients was 28±30 days, and mean body weight was 2.6±0.5kg at the induction of ECMO. The indications for ECMO were low cardiac output in six children, circulatory collapse needing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in six children, and hypoxemia in three children. Five of the 12 patients were successfully weaned from ECMO. The significant risk factors for the inability to be weaned from ECMO were a history of circulatory collapse requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and the induction of ECMO in the intensive care unit. Induction of ECMO may be considered earlier when hemodynamics are unstable in impaired patients following a stage 1 Norwood procedure to avoid circulatory collapse.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2010.01141.x

Growth of the lateral tunnel in patients who underwent a total cavopulmonary connection at less than 5 years of age. Reviewed International journal

Yasuhiro Fujii, Yasuhiro Kotani, Masami Takagaki, Sadahiko Arai, Shingo Kasahara, Shin-ichi Otsuki, Shunji Sano

European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 38 ( 1 ) 66 - 70 2010.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: A lateral tunnel-total cavopulmonary connection (LT-TCPC) using a right atrial (RA) free wall is the first choice of treatment for patients with a small body weight in this institute. Whether the growth of the LT is appropriate or not according to the growth of the body remains controversial. In addition, the optimal initial diameter of an LT is unknown. The purpose of this study was to verify the growth of the LT. METHODS: Ninety-one patients of a total of 267 TCPC cases underwent an LT-TCPC at less than 5 years of age in this institute between March 1991 and June 2008. The data on 47 of the 91 patients, which were available to investigate the LT growth, were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age at LT-TCPC was 37+/-11 months (16-57 months). The mean body weight at TCPC was 12.4+/-2.4 kg (7.6-20.0 kg). The initial LT diameter was determined with Hegar's sizer of the estimated half-pulmonary arterial (PA) diameter, which is a diameter that results in half of the dimension of the normal pulmonary valve. The measured maximum LT diameter (mm) divided by the estimated half-PA diameter (mm) was considered as the LT index. The size of the LT was evaluated using either echocardiography or angiography. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 7.4+/-3.5 years (1.6-13.5 years). The LT index was initially 2.0+/-0.7 (1.3-4.5), 2.0+/-0.4 (1.3-3.2) at 1 year after operation, 2.1+/-0.5 (1.5-3.2) at 5 years after operation, 1.9+/-0.4 (1.5-2.8) at 10 years after operation and 2.1+/-0.5 (1.6-2.5) at 13 years after operation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LT growth suitable for the body growth can be expected. Although there was some variation in the initial LT diameter, the LT index tended to converge at 2.0 with growth.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejcts.2010.01.014

Fontan completion in patient with pulmonary artery sling associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. International journal

Yasuhiro Kotani, Kozo Ishino, Osami Honjo, Shunji Sano

The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 140 ( 1 ) e12-3 2010.7

The impact of the length between the top of the interventricular septum and the aortic valve on the indications for a biventricular repair in patients with a transposition of the great arteries or a double outlet right ventricle. Reviewed International journal

Yasuhiro Fujii, Yasuhiro Kotani, Masami Takagaki, Sadahiko Arai, Shingo Kasahara, Shin-ichi Otsuki, Shunji Sano

Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery 10 ( 6 ) 900 - 5 2010.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The purpose of this study was to establish a useful cut-off level for performing an original Rastelli-type operation in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA)/ventricular septal defect (VSD) or double outlet right ventricle (DORV). A total of 43 patients with TGA/VSD or DORV who underwent an original Rastelli-type operation in this institute between March 1993 and January 2009 were reviewed retrospectively. These patients were divided into two groups using the length between the top of the interventricular septum and the aortic valve (IVS-AV length); Group A; IVS-AV length <80% of normal left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDd). Group B; IVS-AV length > or =80% of normal LVDd. Group A had a significantly better survival than Group B (100% vs. 56%, P=0.001). The cardiac event-free survival were 89.1% at 7.2 years in Group A and 26.3% at 8.4 years in Group B (P<0.0001). The Group B had a higher incidence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO; 3% vs. 33%, P=0.02). The IVS-AV length was found to be a significant risk factor for mortality and LVOTO. The IVS-AV length should, therefore, be taken into consideration when selecting the optimal surgical procedures for these patients.

DOI： 10.1510/icvts.2009.223982

Demonstration of 1.25 Gb/s x 8-Channels ECDM Using Eight-Chip Electrical Coding Reviewed

Yasuhiro Kotani, Hideyuki Iwamura, Hideaki Tamai, Masahiro Sarashina, Masayuki Kashima

IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 22 ( 12 ) 875 - 877 2010.6

Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC

In this letter, 1.25 Gb/s x 8-channels simultaneous multiplexing using 8-chip electrical codes is experimentally demonstrated for the downlink of a 10-Gb/s electrically code-division-multiplexing passive optical network (ECDM-PON) system. For electrical encoding and decoding, 10-Gb/s multilevel signal generation and 10 Gchip/s correlator as a decoder are utilized. We demonstrate 10-Gb/s ECDM error-free optical transmission over 20 km of single-mode fiber.

DOI： 10.1109/LPT.2010.2047010

Diagnosis-based differences in response of global ventricular performance to modified ultrafiltration in children.

Osami Honjo, Satoru Osaki, Yasuhiro Kotani, Teiji Akagi, Shunji Sano

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 74 ( 1 ) 86 - 92 2010.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: To determine diagnosis-based differences in the response of global ventricular performance to modified ultrafiltration (MUF) using transesophageal echocardiography during congenital heart surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study included 38 children with atrial septal defect (n=10), ventricular septal defect (VSD) (n=8), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) (n=9), or a single ventricle (n=11). Arteriovenous MUF was performed for 10-15 min after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The myocardial performance index (MPI) of the systemic ventricles and the % change in MPI before and after MUF were assessed. Impairment of MPI was noted at termination of CPB compared with baseline values in the VSD and TOF groups (P<0.05). MUF resulted in an improvement in MPI in all groups (P<0.01). There was a weak correlation between aortic cross-clamping or CPB time, and the degree of improvement in MPI (r= 0.385, P=0.019; r= 0.348, P=0.037, respectively). MUF improved fractional shortening in all groups (P<0.05) and reversed abnormal relaxation in the VSD and TOF groups. CONCLUSIONS: Modified ultrafiltration ameliorated MPI in all groups, indicating improved systemic ventricular function with MUF. The MPI recovery rate differed among the groups. MUF may be particularly useful for restoring the global ventricular performance of patients undergoing longer CPB and may have minimal advantages for simple open-heart surgery. (Circ J 2010; 74: 86 - 92).

Demonstration of 8-channels Simultaneous Multiplexing Using 8-chip Electrical Codes for 10 Gbit/s ECDM-PON Reviewed

Yasuhiro Kotani, Hideyuki Iwamura, Hideaki Tamai, Masahiro Sarashina, Masayuki Kashima

2010 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION OFC COLLOCATED NATIONAL FIBER OPTIC ENGINEERS CONFERENCE OFC-NFOEC 2010

Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings) Publisher：IEEE

First time 8-channels electrically code division multiplexing technique for optical access networks is demonstrated at a chip-rate of 10 Gchip/s. The technique enables error-free transmission of 1.25 Gbit/s x 8-channels over 20 km single-mode-fiber. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

Demonstration and Investigation of 1.25-Gbps per Subscriber Upstream Transmission Using 10G ECDM-PON Technology Reviewed

Yasuhiro Kotani, Hideyuki Iwamura, Hideaki Tamai, Masahiro Sarashina, Masayuki Kashima

2010 36TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION (ECOC), VOLS 1 AND 2 2010

Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings) Publisher：IEEE

First time, we have experimentally demonstrated 1.25-Gbps/subscriber 10-Gchip/s ECDM-PON upstream transmission over 20-km SSMF using WDM light sources. Additionally, optical beating induced performance degradation was investigated by varying WDM channel spacing from 100-GHz to 10-GHz.

The potential of disproportionate growth of tricuspid valve after decompression of the right ventricle in patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septa. Reviewed International journal

Shu-Chien Huang, Kozo Ishino, Shingo Kasahara, Ko Yoshizumi, Yasuhiro Kotani, Shunji Sano

The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 138 ( 5 ) 1160 - 6 2009.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: Tricuspid valve size is the major determinant of outcomes for patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum. Lack of right ventricle-pulmonary artery continuity is associated with poor tricuspid valve growth (decrement in Z-value). However, most reports did not show evidence for disproportionate growth of the tricuspid valve after establishment of right ventricle-pulmonary artery continuity. METHODS: We studied 40 patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum who underwent initial right ventricular decompression for planned staged repair. The initial Z-value of the tricuspid valve diameter (Zt1) was obtained from the echocardiography-derived normal value. The late Z-value (Zt2) was measured before definitive repair or the last available Z-value, if definitive repair was not yet reached. The factors associated with the changes of Z-values (Zt2 - Zt1) were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean initial tricuspid Z-value (Zt1) was -6.2 +/- 3.5. After treatment (Zt2), the mean Z-value was -6.0 +/- 3.4 (n = 34). Overall, the tricuspid Z-values did not change. Individually, the change in Z-value (Zt2 - Zt1) was larger than +2 in 11 (32%) patients and smaller than -2 in 6 (18%) patients. Increases in Z-value (Zt2 - Zt1) were significantly associated with right ventricular pressure/left ventricular pressure ratio measured after initial palliation (r = -0.54; P = .001) and the initial tricuspid valve Z-value (Zt1) (r = -0.40; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Disproportional growth of the tricuspid valve can occur, especially in patients with small tricuspid valves and lower right ventricular pressures after decompression. The findings support the possibility of neonates with small tricuspid valves undergoing biventricular repair after right ventricular decompression surgery.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2009.05.015

Effect of a miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass system on the inflammatory response and cardiac function in neonatal piglets. Reviewed International journal

Ko Yoshizumi, Kozo Ishino, Shinya Ugaki, Hironori Ebishima, Yasuhiro Kotani, Shingo Kasahara, Shunji Sano

Artificial organs 33 ( 11 ) 941 - 6 2009.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The cognitive impairment and hemodynamic instability after neonatal cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) might be exacerbated by hemodilution. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of different bloodless prime volumes on the hemodynamics and the inflammatory response by a miniaturized CPB system in neonatal piglets. The bypass circuit consisted of a Capiox RX05 (Capiox Baby RX, Terumo Corp., Tokyo, Japan) oxygenator and 3/16 internal diameter arterial and venous polyvinyl chloride tubing lines, with a minimum 75 mL prime volume. Twelve 1-week-old piglets were placed on a mild hypothermic CPB (32 degrees C) at 120 mL/kg/min for 2 h. The animals were divided into two groups, based on the volume of the prime solution. The priming volume was 75 mL in Group I and 175 mL in Group II. No blood transfusions were performed, and no inotropic or vasoactive drugs were used. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) and thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) complex levels, as well as right ventricular and pulmonary functions, were measured before and after CPB. Group I had low levels of IL-6 and TAT immediately after CPB (4370 +/- 2346 vs. 9058 +/- 2307 pg/mL, P < 0.01 and 9.9 +/- 7.7 vs. 25.1 +/- 8.8 ng/mL, P < 0.01, respectively). Group I had significantly improved cardiopulmonary function, cardiac index (0.22 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.11 +/- 0.05 L/kg/min, P < 0.001), and pulmonary vascular resistance index (7366 +/- 2860 vs. 28 620 +/- 15 552 dynes/cm(5)/kg, P < 0.01) compared with Group II. The miniaturized bloodless prime circuit for neonatal CPB demonstrated that the influence of hemodilution can reduce the subsequent inflammatory response. In addition, a low prime volume could therefore be particularly effective for attenuating pulmonary vascular resistance and right ventricular dysfunction in neonates.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00922.x

The benefits of high-flow management in children with pulmonary atresia. Reviewed International journal

Yasuhiro Fujii, Yasuhiro Kotani, Takuya Kawabata, Shinya Ugaki, Shigeru Sakurai, Hironori Ebishima, Hideshi Itoh, Mahito Nakakura, Sadahiko Arai, Shingo Kasahara, Shunji Sano, Tatsuo Iwasaki, Yuichiro Toda

Artificial organs 33 ( 11 ) 888 - 95 2009.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The high-flow management of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB; >or=2.4 L/min/m(2)) is a standard strategy used at this institute for children with pulmonary atresia (PA) due to a fear that the blood flow may be diverted by the major/minor aortopulmonary-collateral-arteries and hypervascularization due to long-term hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to describe the validity of high-flow management in children with PA. The CPB records of 23 children with PA who underwent a definitive biventricular repair between Feb 2006 and Nov 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age at the operation was 33 +/- 22 months. The blood-pressure during bypass was controlled with the same protocol. The mean cooling-temperature was 28.4 +/- 3.7 degrees C. The mean minimum hematocrit was 25.0 +/- 3.4%. The mean maximum bypass flow index at the initiation, the mean maximum flow index during aortic cross-clamping, the mean minimum flow index during aortic cross-clamping, and the mean maximum flow index after rewarming were 3.1 +/- 0.5, 3.1 +/- 0.5, 2.6 +/- 0.4, and 3.2 +/- 0.4 L/min/m(2), respectively. The higher bypass flow indexes significantly correlated with the lower serum lactate levels. The lowest oxygen delivery during CPB had significant influences on the urine output during bypass (R = 0.547, P = 0.007), the serum lactate levels at the end of CPB (R = -0.442, P = 0.035), and the postoperative thoracic effusion (R = -0.459, P = 0.028). A bypass flow index of 2.4 L/min/m(2) may not be sufficient and the maximum requirement of bypass flow index may be 3.2 L/min/m(2) or more in this patient population.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1525-1594.2009.00895.x

Clinical outcome of the Fontan operation in patients with impaired ventricular function. Reviewed International journal

Yasuhiro Kotani, Shingo Kasahara, Yasuhiro Fujii, Ko Yoshizumi, Yu Oshima, Shin-Ichi Otsuki, Teiji Akagi, Shunji Sano

European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery 36 ( 4 ) 683 - 7 2009.10

Authorship：Lead author Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

OBJECTIVE: Although a staged Fontan strategy allows for an excellent outcome in high-risk patients, an impaired ventricular function remains a significant factor of early/late mortality and morbidity. This study evaluated the clinical outcome of the Fontan operation in patients with impaired ventricular function. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 217 patients who had undergone the Fontan operation between 1991 and 2007. RESULTS: Twenty-nine (13%) of the 217 patients had an impaired ventricular function (ejection fraction (EF) <50%). The median age at the time of the operation was 3 (range: 1-31 years) years. There were five adult patients. The ventricular morphology was right in 20 patients (including five hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)) and others (left and two-ventricle) in nine patients. Heterotaxy syndrome was present in eight patients. Previous surgical interventions included bidirectional Glenn anastomoses in 24, modified Blalock-Taussig shunts in two and pulmonary artery banding in two. The preoperative EF was 43+/-6%. Significant (moderate or severe) atrioventricular valve regurgitation was noted in four patients. The percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO(2)) was 82+/-5%. The pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary artery index were 11+/-3 mmHg and 296+/-102 mm(2)m(-2), respectively. All 29 patients underwent the Fontan operation without any early mortality. There were two late mortalities and two re-operations. EF was maintained at 59+/-15% at a median follow-up of 7.5 (range: 1-19) years. The percent normal systemic ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased from 174+/-95% to 124+/-39% (p<0.05). The SpO(2) increased to 92+/-2%. The mean cardiothoracic ratio in chest X-ray and B-type natriuretic peptide were 51% (range: 35-68%) and 22 pgml(-1) (range: 9-382 pgml(-1)), respectively. Three patients developed congestive heart failure, seven had arrhythmia and two developed protein-losing enteropathy. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) class functional class is I in 21 patients, II in five and III in one. CONCLUSIONS: Acceptable clinical outcomes were observed at an intermediate follow-up of the Fontan operation in patients with an impaired ventricular function.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.04.042

Single center experience with a low volume priming cardiopulmonary bypass circuit for preventing blood transfusion in infants and small children

Yasuhiro Kotani, Osami Honjo, Mahito Nakakura, Yasuhiro Fujii, Shinya Ugaki, Yu Oshima, Ko Yoshizumi, Shingo Kasahara, Shunji Sano

ASAIO Journal 55 ( 3 ) 296 - 299 2009.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

This retrospective study analyzed the current practice of blood transfusion-free open-heart surgery in 536 children weighing 5-20 kg undergoing surgery between 2004 and 2007. A miniaturized cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit was used (priming volume
300 ml for the flow rate &lt
1,500 ml/min
550 ml for the flow rate of 1500-2300 ml/min). Modified ultrafiltration was routinely performed. Criteria for blood transfusion during CPB included a hematocrit of &lt
20% and/or mixed venous oxygen saturation of &lt
65%. Transfusion during CPB was avoided in 264 (49.3%) of the 536 patients (5-10 kg group, 29.0%
11-15 kg group, 67.4%
16-20 kg group, 80.8%). There was no neurological complication related to hemodilution. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that body weight, preoperative hematocrit, priming volume of CPB circuit, CPB time, and lowest hematocrit during CPB predict requirement of blood transfusion (p &lt
0.01). Transfusion rate was lowest in the atrial septal defect group (5.6%) and highest in tetralogy of Fallot group (78.7%), being associated with complexity of diagnosis and procedure required. Blood transfusion-free open-heart surgery may be achieved in the half of the patients weighing 5-20 kg, and further miniaturization of CPB circuit and refinement of perfusion strategy might reduce transfusion rate in patients &lt
10 kg and/or with complex congenital heart disease. ©2009Amercian Society of Artificial Internal Organs.

DOI： 10.1097/MAT.0b013e31819742f0

Ultrafiltration of priming blood before cardiopulmonary bypass attenuates inflammatory response and maintains cardiopulmonary function in neonatal piglets

Shinya Ugaki, Osami Honjo, Yasuhiro Kotani, Mahito Nakakura, Takuma Douguchi, Yu Oshima, Ko Yoshizumi, Shingo Kasahara, Shunji Sano

ASAIO Journal 55 ( 3 ) 291 - 295 2009.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Blood priming is necessary for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in neonates to avoid excessive hemodilution
however, transfusion-related inflammation affects postCPB outcomes in neonatal open-heart surgery. We hypothesized that ultrafiltration of priming blood before CPB may reduce inflammatory mediators in priming blood and postCPB inflammatory responses, thereby improving cardiopulmonary function. Twelve 1-week-old piglets (3.5 ± 0.2 kg) were divided into two groups. Group U (n = 6) employed the priming blood ultrafiltrated before CPB, but group N (n = 6) used the nonultrafiltrated blood. Cardiopulmonary bypass was performed for 2 hours and then modified ultrafiltration (MUF) was conducted. Data were acquired before CPB and after MUF. The values of K, serotonin, and IL-8 in priming blood was significantly decreased after ultrafiltration (8.2 ± 2.6 vs. 4.2 ± 0.8 mEq/L, p &lt
0.01, 234 ± 96 vs. 74 ± 42 ng/ml, p &lt
0.01, 78.4 ± 5.1 vs. 64.5 ± 59.1 pg/ml, p &lt
0.05). Group U after MUF had lower thrombin-antithrombin complex levels (23.9 ± 5.1 vs. 33.7 ± 4.6 ng/ml, p &lt
0.01) and lower IL-8 levels in airway fluid (925 ± 710 vs. 2495 ± 1207 pg/ml, p &lt
0.05) than group N. Cardiac output and arterial PO2 after MUF in group U were also higher (1.13 ± 0.21 vs. 0.69 ± 0.22, p &lt
0.01, 340 ± 190 vs. 149 ± 84 mm Hg, p &lt
0.05). The ultrafiltration of blood priming before CPB attenuated activation of the coagulation pathway and inflammatory responses and preserved cardiopulmonary function in neonatal piglets. ©2009Amercian Society of Artificial Internal Organs.

DOI： 10.1097/MAT.0b013e31819b00c2

Modified low-flow ultrafiltration ameliorates hemodynamics and early graft function and reduces blood loss in living-donor lobar lung transplantation. International journal

Yasuhiro Kotani, Osami Honjo, Keiji Goto, Yasufumi Fujita, Atsushi Ito, Mahito Nakakura, Masaaki Kawada, Shunji Sano, Kazutoshi Kotani, Hiroshi Date

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation 28 ( 4 ) 340 - 6 2009.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the clinical application of modified low-flow ultrafiltration (MUF) to minimize cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)-related adverse effects in patients undergoing living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT). METHOD: The study enrolled 33 consecutive patients who underwent LDLLT from 1999 to 2004: 8 patients underwent conventional CPB without MUF (control group), and 15 underwent arteriovenous MUF (MUF-treated group). Hemodynamics, graft function, blood loss and blood transfusion requirements, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in systolic blood pressure and a decrease in pulmonary to systemic pressure ratio in the MUF-treated group (p < 0.05). No hemodynamic changes occurred in the control group. MUF resulted in significant improvements in arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO(2)/FiO(2;) 411 +/- 107 vs 272 +/- 107 mm Hg, p < 0.05) and the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (a-aDO(2); 158 +/- 84 vs 315 +/- 127 mm Hg, p < 0.05) at 15 minutes after CPB. There were no differences in PaO(2)/FiO(2) and A-aDO(2) between the groups beyond 6 hours post-operatively. Post-operative blood loss and blood transfusion requirements were lower in the MUF-treated group than in the control group (p < 0.05). There were no differences in survival, duration of ventilation, intensive care unit stay, and hospital stay between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The low-flow MUF brought improved hemodynamics and gas exchange capacity of transplanted grafts and lowered post-operative blood loss and blood transfusion requirement. This strategy may minimize CPB-related adverse effects in patients undergoing LDLLT.

DOI： 10.1016/j.healun.2009.01.004

Circulatory load during hypoxia impairs post-transplant myocardial functional recovery in donation after cardiac death. International journal

Satoru Osaki, Kozo Ishino, Yasuhiro Kotani, Osami Honjo, Takanori Suezawa, Takushi Kohmoto, Shunji Sano

The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation 28 ( 3 ) 266 - 72 2009.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Circulatory load during hypoxia is unavoidable in donation after cardiac death (DCD) hearts, but it causes severe myocardial damage. The impact of circulatory load on donor heart function has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its effect on post-transplant functional recovery of DCD hearts. METHODS: Twelve donor pigs (20 kg) were used. Cardiac arrest was induced by asphyxiation (turning off the ventilator) in the load group (n = 6) and by exsanguination (dividing the vena cava) in the unload group (n = 6). Left ventricle end-diastolic volume (LDEDV) and end-systolic pressure (LVESP) were monitored until cardiac arrest. Orthotopic transplantation was performed after 30-minute warm ischemia following cardiac arrest. After weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure-volume ratio (LV Emax) and creatine kinase (CK-MB) were measured while on 0.1 microg/kg/min epinephrine. RESULTS: During the agonal period, the maximum LVEDV and LVESP in the load group were 132 +/- 1% of baseline at 10 minutes and 148 +/- 16% of baseline at 4 minutes, respectively. Recovery rates of post-transplant cardiac function in the load group were worse than in the unload group (LV Emax: 64 +/- 8 vs 84 +/- 5%, p < 0.05). Levels of post-transplant CK-MB in the load group were higher than in the unload group (639 +/- 119 vs 308 +/- 70 IU/liter, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac arrest with circulatory load by asphyxiation caused more myocardial damage than unloaded arrest. This difference between the modes of death should be considered when evaluating the DCD hearts for clinical application.

DOI： 10.1016/j.healun.2008.12.002

Midterm to long-term outcome of total cavopulmonary connection in high-risk adult candidates. Reviewed International journal

Yasuhiro Fujii, Shunji Sano, Yasuhiro Kotani, Ko Yoshizumi, Shingo Kasahara, Kozo Ishino, Teiji Akagi

The Annals of thoracic surgery 87 ( 2 ) 562 - 70 2009.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Adult patients who do not fulfill the classical Fontan criteria now undergo total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC). However, limited information is available on the results for high-risk adult TCPC. METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive adult patients (aged 16 years or more) who underwent TCPC were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age at operation was 27 +/- 9 years (range, 16 to 52). The following items were considered as the potential risk factors according to previous reports: (1) aged more than 30 years (7 of 25); (2) heterotaxy (9 of 25); (3) systemic ventricular ejection fraction less than 50% (6 of 25); (4) atrioventricular valve regurgitation moderate or greater (6 of 25); (5) pulmonary arterial index less than 200 (7 of 25); (6) mean pulmonary arterial pressure 15 mm Hg or greater (3 of 25); (7) pulmonary arterial resistance 2.0 wood units or greater (11 of 25); (8) arrhythmias (13 of 25); (9) protein-losing enteropathy (3 of 25); (10) New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or greater (9 of 25); (11) previous Fontan procedure (10 of 25); (12) systemic ventricular outflow obstruction (1 of 25); and (13) end-diastolic pressure of the systemic ventricle 11 mm Hg or higher (4 of 25). RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 57 +/- 45 months (range, 0 to 154). All patients had at least 2 risk factors (range, 2 to 8). There was 1 early death and 2 late deaths. Comparing the late survivors and nonsurvivors, no statistical significance was identified in the above risk factors. However, the patients with 6 or more risk factors had a significantly higher mortality rate than patients with fewer than 6 risk risk factors (p < 0.01). Age (p = 0.08), NYHA class (p = 0.13), and protein-losing enteropathy (p = 0.08) may be risk factors for late death. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the adult TCPC candidates tolerated the TCPC procedure in the early postoperative period. However, the accumulation of risk factors influences late mortality.

DOI： 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.10.040

Risk factors for mortality after the Norwood procedure using right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt. Reviewed International journal

Shunji Sano, Shu-Chien Huang, Shingo Kasahara, Ko Yoshizumi, Yasuhiro Kotani, Kozo Ishino

The Annals of thoracic surgery 87 ( 1 ) 178 - 85 2009.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to describe the experience with staged surgical reconstruction of the hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) with a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit and to identify the risk factors that influence late outcome. METHODS: Between February 1998 and June 2007, 62 patients with HLHS underwent a Norwood procedure by using right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit (median age, 9 days [range, 1 to 57]; median body weight 2.7 kg [range, 1.6 to 3.9 kg]). The subsequent 47 patients underwent a bidirectional Glenn procedure (stage 2). Thirty-two patients underwent a modified Fontan procedure (stage 3). Follow-up was complete (median, 32 months; range, 1 to 101). RESULTS: Hospital mortality after the Norwood procedure was 8% (5 of 62 patients). Between stages, 9 patients died, 3 before stage 2 and 6 before stage 3. There was 1 late death after stage 3. Overall survival was 76% (47 of 62). The estimated 1-year and and 5-year survival rates were 80% and 73%, respectively. Using the any-mortality as the endpoint, prematurity (gestational age <37 weeks), body weight less than 2.5 kg at stage 1 operation, and tricuspid regurgitation 2+ or more were associated with mortality. Using Cox regression analysis, body weight less than 2.5 kg and tricuspid regurgitation 2+ or more were two independent factors associated with midterm survival. CONCLUSIONS: From 9 years of experience, despite good early survival after Norwood stage 1 palliation, low body weight and tricuspid valve regurgitation were still associated with worse outcome. More efforts should be made to improve the late results for patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

DOI： 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2008.08.027

Effect of modified ultrafiltration on postoperative course in neonates with complete transposition of the great arteries undergoing arterial switch operation.

Yasuhiro Kotani, Osami Honjo, Satoru Osaki, Takuya Kawabata, Shinya Ugaki, Yasuhiro Fujii, Ko Yoshizumi, Shingo Kasahara, Kozo Ishino, Shunji Sano

Circulation journal : official journal of the Japanese Circulation Society 72 ( 9 ) 1476 - 80 2008.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of modified ultrafiltration (MUF) on neonates with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) undergoing arterial switch operation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The current study included 36 neonates who underwent an arterial switch operation between 1998 and 2006. Arterio-venous MUF was done in 15 patients (MUF-treated group) and the other 21 patients were controls. Parameters included hematocrit, hemodynamics, pulmonary function, drain loss, leak of peritoneal fluid, length of intubation, and intensive care unit (ICU) stay. The hematocrit increased from 34+/-2% to 47+/-4% in the MUF-treated group. Blood pressure in the MUF-treated group was significantly increased without any change of central venous or left atrial pressure. Post-operative oxygenation in the MUF-treated group was greater than that of the control group (P/F ratio: 258+/-92 vs 170+/-100 mmHg, p<0.05), which did not contribute to decrease in intubation time (54+/-33 vs 52+/-29 h, p=NS). Post-operative chest drain loss and peritoneal fluid leak were comparable. The ICU stay in the MUF-treated group was significantly shorter than that in the controls (101+/-34 vs 139+/-42 h, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: MUF brought improvement in blood pressure and gas exchange capacity and subsequent shorter ICU stay. MUF did not have significant impact on intubation time and capillary leak.

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