担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: To compare the donor outcomes of living donor kidney transplantation between standard donors (SDs) and marginal donors (MDs) including diabetic patients (MD + DM). METHODS: MDs were defined according to Japanese guideline criteria: (a) age >70-years, (b) blood pressure ≤130/80 mmHg on hypertension medicine, (c) body mass index >25 to ≤32 kg/m2 , (d) 24-h creatinine clearance ≥70 to <80 ml/min/1.73 m2 , and (e) hemoglobin A1c > 6.2 or ≤6.5 with oral diabetic medicine. Fifty-three of 114 donors were MDs. We compared donor kidney functions until 60 months postoperatively. RESULTS: No kidney function parameters were different between SDs and MDs. When comparing SD and MD + DM, MD + DM had a lower postoperative eGFR (48 vs. 41 (1 (month), p = .02), 49 vs. 40 (12, p < .01), 48 vs. 42 (24, p = .04), 47 vs. 38 (36, p = .01)) and the percentage of residual eGFR (SD vs. MD + DM: 63 vs. 57 (1 (month), p < .01), 63 vs. 57 (2, p < .01), 64 vs. 56 (12, p < .01), 63 vs. 57 (24, p < .01), 63 vs. 52 (36, p = .02)). However, when MD with a single risk factor of DM was compared to SD, the difference disappeared. Nine out of 12 (75%) MD + DM had ≥2 risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Although long-term observation of donor kidney function is necessary, careful MD + DM selection had the potential to expand the donor pool.

DOI： 10.1002/iid3.470

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to compare the perioperative outcomes and learning curves between intracorporeal and extracorporeal urinary diversion at our medium-sized institution. METHODS: Between January 2018 and September 2020, a single surgeon at our institution performed 46 consecutive robot-assisted radical cystectomies with ileal conduit. We compared the perioperative outcomes between patients who underwent intracorporeal versus extracorporeal urinary diversion. We also investigated learning curves for the first and last 10 patients in each group. RESULTS: The extracorporeal group had shorter overall operative time (P = 0.003) and urinary diversion time (P < 0.0001) than the intracorporeal group. The intracorporeal group had shorter length of hospital stay (P = 0.02). There was no difference in complication and readmission rates. The extracorporeal group demonstrated no difference between the first and last 10 patients for overall operative time or time for cystectomy, lymph node dissection, or urinary diversion. However, the intracorporeal group had shorter urinary diversion time for the last 10 patients compared with the first 10 patients. The first 10 patients in the extracorporeal group had shorter overall operative time than the first 10 in the intracorporeal group, but there was no difference for the last 10 patients. CONCLUSIONS: Intracorporeal urinary diversion requires longer overall operative time than extracorporeal diversion for the first 10 patients, due to longer urinary diversion time. However, there is no difference in overall operative time for the last 10 patients. The benefit of intracorporeal over extracorporeal urinary diversion was not confirmed at our medium-sized institution.

DOI： 10.1007/s10147-021-01957-1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the incidence of persistent patent artery after percutaneous cryoablation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the relationship between patent arteries one month after cryoablation and early tumor progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty-nine patients (112 men, 47 women; mean age, 63.6±14.6 [SD] years; age range: 21-91 years) who underwent percutaneous cryoablation for 186 RCCs (mean diameter, 1.9±0.6 [SD] cm; range: 0.7-4.0cm) were retrospectively included. After cryoablation, patients underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) with ≤2-mm slice thickness within one week from cryoablation, and at one, three, and six months. The time course of patent artery in the ablated renal parenchyma after cryoablation was the primary endpoint. The relationships between patent arteries one month after cryoablation and treatment effectiveness, tumor vascularity, tumor enhancement one month after cryoablation, tumor subtype, and renal function changes were evaluated as secondary endpoints. RESULTS: CT showed patent arteries in the ablated renal parenchyma within one week in 166 RCCs (89.2%), at one month in 54 RCCs (29.0%), at three months in 8 RCCs (4.3%), and at six months in 2 RCCs (1.1%). The presence of patent artery one month after cryoablation was significantly associated with tumor enhancement at the same time point (P=0.015). There was no association between patent arteries one month after cryoablation and treatment effectiveness (P=0.693). CONCLUSION: Patent arteries in the ablated renal parenchyma are commonly observed on CT examination after percutaneous cryoablation of RCC. However, they gradually disappear and do not require specific treatment.

DOI： 10.1016/j.diii.2021.06.001

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記述言語：英語  

We report a 62-year-old male with metastatic fumarate hydratase-deficient renal cell carcinoma (FH-deficient RCC) without fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation (FH-deficient-like RCC). The International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium risk score was intermediate, and immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilimumab (Ipi/ Nivo) was initiated. Four cycles of Ipi/Nivo and 5 cycles of nivolumab resulted in a complete response of the metastases. Hypophysitis occurred as an immune-related adverse event after four cycles of Ipi/Nivo. The prognosis of patients with FH-deficient RCC is generally poor. Few reports of FH-deficient RCC successfully treated with Ipi/Nivo have been published. Ipi/Nivo can be effective for treating FH-deficient RCC.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/62237

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Among various clinicopathologic factors used to identify low-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), tumor grade and stage are of utmost importance. The clinical value added by inclusion of other risk factors remains unproven. OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of a tumor grade- and stage-based (GS) model to identify patients with UTUC for whom kidney-sparing surgery (KSS) could be attempted. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this international study, we reviewed the medical records of 1240 patients with UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy. Complete data needed for risk stratification according to the European Association of Urology (EAU) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines were available for 560 patients. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to determine if risk factors were associated with the presence of localized UTUC. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the GS, EAU, and NCCN models in predicting pathologic stage were calculated. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Overall, 198 patients (35%) had clinically low-grade, noninvasive tumors, and 283 (51%) had ≤pT1disease. On multivariable analyses, none of the EAU and NCCN risk factors were associated with the presence of non-muscle-invasive UTUC among patients with low-grade and low-stage UTUC. The GS model exhibited the highest accuracy, sensitivity, and negative predictive value among all three models. According to the GS, EAU, and NCCN models, the proportion of patients eligible for KSS was 35%, 6%, and 4%, respectively. Decision curve analysis revealed that the net benefit of the three models was similar within the clinically reasonable range of probability thresholds. CONCLUSIONS: The GS model showed favorable predictive accuracy and identified a greater number of KSS-eligible patients than the EAU and NCCN models. A decision-making algorithm that weighs the benefits of avoiding unnecessary kidney loss against the risk of undertreatment in case of advanced carcinoma is necessary for individualized treatment for UTUC patients. PATIENT SUMMARY: We assessed the ability of three models to predict low-grade, low-stage disease in patients with cancer of the upper urinary tract. No risk factors other than grade assessed on biopsy and stage assessed from scans were associated with better prediction of localized cancer. A model based on grade and stage may help to identify patients who could benefit from kidney-sparing treatment of their cancer.

DOI： 10.1016/j.euf.2021.05.002

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in patients with a small prostate volume (≤30 mL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 1,135 patients who underwent HoLEP at two institutions between July 2007 and March 2020. Patients who were not evaluated for the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) before or after HoLEP were excluded. We divided patients into two groups according to estimated prostate volume (ePV): ≤30 (n=198) and >30 mL (n=539). The patient characteristics, IPSS, peak urinary flow rate (Qmax), postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), and other data were compared before and after surgery in each group and between the two groups. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with the efficacy of HoLEP in the group with ePV ≤30 mL. RESULTS: A total of 737 patients were included in this retrospective study. ePV (23.4 mL vs. 50 mL; p<0.001) and PVR differed significantly between the two groups. The IPSS, IPSS-quality of life, PVR, and Qmax significantly improved after HoLEP in both groups. Improvements in the IPSS, IPSS-quality of life, Qmax, and PVR were greater in the >30 mL group (p<0.001), whereas operation time and morcellation time were significantly shorter in the ≤30 mL group. In the multivariate analysis, age <70 years was independently associated with improvement by HoLEP. CONCLUSIONS: HoLEP is an effective treatment for patients with a small prostate, even though the extent of improvement after HoLEP was greater in those with a larger prostate.

DOI： 10.4111/icu.20200450

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Neutrophils play a major role in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) in renal transplantation and acute kidney injury. However, it has been difficult to observe changes in neutrophil dynamics over time in living mice kidney. We investigate neutrophil dynamics in IRI in living mice using novel in vivo multiphoton microscope imaging techniques and characterize the renoprotective effects of a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor, tadalafil. METHODS: Wild-type (WT) and eNOS knockout (eNOS-KO) mice, a model of endothelial dysfunction, were used to establish in vivo real-time imaging in living mouse kidneys. Neutrophils were labeled green with Ly-6G monoclonal antibody, and plasma flow was labeled red with bovine serum albumin. Tadalafil was administered orally 1 h before surgery. Both kidney pedicles were reperfused after 37° warm ischemia for 45 min. RESULTS: Our novel approach revealed that neutrophils were trapped in glomerulus within a few minutes after reperfusion. They gradually increased over time and Infiltrated neutrophils were observed in the tubular lumen and peritubular capillary. The neutrophils were clearly visualized rolling on peritubular capillary plexus at 3 μm/min. The administration of tadalafil significantly reduced neutrophil influx into the glomerulus in both WT and eNOS-KO mice. Reduced neutrophil infiltration in tadalafil groups, which was confirmed by flow cytometry, resulted in histopathologically decreased tubular injury. The expression of VCAM-1 and KIM-1 was partially prevented by tadalafil. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a novel technique contributed to elucidation of neutrophil dynamics after reperfusion. Tadalafil has a potential for inhibiting neutrophil infiltration in renal IRI.Supplemental Visual Abstract; http://links.lww.com/TP/C223.

DOI： 10.1097/TP.0000000000003803

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) kidney transplantation and early graft function. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 95 patients who underwent living donor kidney transplantation between May 2009 and July 2019. It included 61 ABO-compatible (ABO-C) and 34 ABO-I transplantations. We extracted data on immunologic profile, sex, age, cold ischemic time, type of immunosuppression, and graft function. Two definitions were used for slow graft function (SGF) as follows: postoperative day (POD) 3 serum creatinine level >3 mg/dL and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <20 mL/min/1.73 m2. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect of ABO-I on the incidence of SGF. RESULTS: The characteristics between the ABO-C and ABO-I were not different. ABO-I received rituximab and plasma exchange. Patients also received tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil for 2 weeks and prednisolone for 1 week before transplantation as preconditioning. Of the 95 study patients, 19 (20%) and 21 (22%) were identified with SGF according to POD 3 serum creatinine level or eGFR, respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that ABO-I significantly reduced the incidence of SGF (odds ratio, 0.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.03-0.7; P = .02), and cold ischemic time >150 min increased the incidence of SGF (odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-25; P = .006). Similar results were identified in POD 3 eGFR. Inferior graft function in patients with SGF was identified up to 6 months after transplantation. CONCLUSION: ABO-I reduces the incidence of SGF, which is associated with an inferior graft function up to 6 months.

DOI： 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.03.043

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Anemia and vitamin D deficiency are associated with allograft failure, and hence, are potential therapeutic targets among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). We conducted a multicenter, two-by-two factorial, open-label, randomized clinical trial to examine the effects of anemia correction and vitamin D supplementation on 2-year change in eGFR among KTRs (CANDLE-KIT). We enrolled 153 patients with anemia and >1-year history of transplantation across 23 facilities in Japan, and randomly assigned them to either a high or low hemoglobin target (>12.5 vs. <10.5 g/dL) and to either cholecalciferol 1000 IU/day or control. This trial was terminated early based on the planned interim intention-to-treat analyses (α=0.034). Among 125 patients who completed the study, 2-year decline in eGFR was smaller in the high vs. low hemoglobin group (i.e., -1.6±4.5 vs. -4.0±6.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 ; P=0.021), but did not differ between the cholecalciferol and control groups. These findings were supported by the fully-adjusted mixed effects model evaluating the rate of eGFR decline among all 153 participants. There were no significant between-group differences in all-cause death or the renal composite outcome in either arm. In conclusion, aggressive anemia correction showed a potential to preserve allograft kidney function.

DOI： 10.1111/tri.13885

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to monitor the development of drug-resistant bacteria isolated from acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) and to evaluate methodology of the survey conducted by collecting only clinical data. METHODS: We enrolled female patients at least 16 years of age diagnosed with AUC in 2018. Patient information including age, menopausal status, and results of bacteriological examination were collected and analyzed regardless of bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing or extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) detection method. RESULTS: A total of 847 eligible cases were collected. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most frequently isolated bacterial species at about 70%, with proportions of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli (QREC) and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates at 15.6% and 9.5% of all E. coli isolates, respectively. The proportion of Staphylococcus saprophyticus (S. saprophyticus) was significantly higher in premenopausal women. Regarding the drug susceptibility of E. coli, isolates from Eastern Japan had significantly higher susceptibility to cefazolin, cefotiam and cefpodoxime and lower susceptibility to levofloxacin in postmenopausal women. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates had a high susceptibility to tazobactam-piperacillin, cefmetazole, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and fosfomycin. In S. saprophyticus, the susceptibility to β-lactams including carbapenems was 40-60%. CONCLUSIONS: The proportions of QREC and ESBL-producing E. coli were increasing trends and lower susceptibility to LVFX in postmenopausal women was observed. Such surveillance, consisting of the collecting only clinical data, could be conducted easily and inexpensively. It is expected to be continuously performed as an alternative survey to conventional one collecting bacterial strains.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.03.012

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

症例は45歳,男性。X-1年9月に肉眼的血尿と右腰痛を主訴に当院を受診し,単純CTで右腎上極に長径5cm大の腫瘤を認めた。腹部造影CTでは動脈相で早期濃染,後期相でwashout patternを伴う内部不整な腫瘤を同部位に認めたが,明らかなリンパ節・他臓器転移を認めなかった。右腎癌cT1bN0M0 Stage Iと診断し,同年10月に腹腔鏡下右腎摘除術を施行した。病理所見は,腫瘍細胞は淡明細胞や好酸性細胞が乳頭状・管状の構造を取り,細胞質に好酸性の核小体および核周囲明庭を認めた。Fumarate hydratase(FH)免疫染色陰性でFH欠損腎細胞癌と診断した。術後2ヵ月で多発骨転移を認め,International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium(IMDC) intermediate riskと判断し,イピリムマブ・ニボルマブ併用療法を開始した。4コース施行後,CT上新規の転移巣や転移巣の増大を認めなかった。遺伝学的検査でFH遺伝子の病的バリアントを認め,腎細胞癌の家族歴と合わせ,遺伝性平滑筋腫症-腎細胞癌症候群(hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome;HLRCC)関連腎細胞癌と診断した。現在ニボルマブ単剤投与を継続中で,骨転移増悪や新規遠隔転移は認めていない。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

症例は19歳,男性。抗菌薬投与で改善しない排尿障害,排尿時痛を主訴に前医を受診。MRIで前立腺のT1強調像,T2強調像ともに低信号で,造影効果を伴う膀胱内に突出する腫瘤を指摘され当院紹介となった。血液,尿検査では特記事項なく,尿培養,尿細胞診は陰性であった。PSAを含め腫瘍マーカーの有意な上昇を認めなかった。膀胱鏡検査では前立腺部尿道に約35mmの非乳頭状広基性腫瘍を認めた。造影CTでは前立腺部にMRI同様の所見を認め,リンパ節腫大及び遠隔転移は認めなかった。排尿障害改善及び組織検査目的に経尿道的前立腺切除術(TUR-P)を施行した。切除組織は長紡錘形細胞の束状の増殖とリンパ球,形質細胞浸潤を認め,免疫染色でALK(anaplastic lymphoma kinase)陽性,α-smooth muscle actinが少数の細胞で陽性であり,前立腺炎症性偽腫瘍(inflammatory pseudtumor:IPT)と診断した。局所再発の可能性はあるものの,遠隔転移の可能性は低く,排尿状態の改善を得られたため経過観察の方針とした。術後10ヵ月現在で腫瘍の再燃を認めていない。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

1例目は27歳,女性。CTで8cm大の左腎腫瘍を認め,左腎癌cT2aN0M0と診断し,腹腔鏡下左腎摘除術を施行した。病理所見でTFE3免疫染色陽性で,Xp11.2転座型腎癌と考えられた。術後24ヵ月で傍大動脈リンパ節転移をきたし,sunitinib,axitinib投与後,現在nivolumabを投与中である。2例目は32歳,女性。CTで2cm大の緩徐に造影される左腎腫瘍を認めた。腹腔鏡下左腎部分切除術を施行し,病理所見でTFE3免疫染色陽性,Xp11.2転座型腎細胞癌と考えられた。術後50ヵ月で,再発転移を認めていない。3例目は31歳,女性。CTで右嚢胞性腎腫瘍と転移性肝腫瘍を指摘された。PET-CTで肝臓,骨,子宮に多発転移を認め,肝転移巣を生検し,未分化の尿路上皮癌と診断された。Gemcitabine+Cisplatin+Paclitaxelによる抗癌化学療法を2コース施行後,転移巣の増大,新たな転移巣(頭蓋骨,乳腺)の出現を認めた。新規転移巣を摘出し,病理所見でTFE3免疫染色陽性,最終的にXp11.2転座型腎細胞癌と考えられた。Temsirolimus投与するも,病状悪化し,第221病日に死亡した。Xp11.2転座型腎癌は若年者に多いとされる。確定診断には遺伝子検査またはFISHが求められるが,今回の3症例では施行していない。TFE3免疫染色はXp11.2転座型腎癌が疑われる際に有用である。(著者抄録)

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

CASE PRESENTATION: A 49-year-old Asian male, who had undergone hemodialysis for >16 years, complained of a fever, dysgeusia and dysosmia, and was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia based on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 polymerase chain reaction (SARS-CoV-2 PCR) and computed tomography (CT). Treatment was started with oral favipiravir and ciclesonide inhalation. On the 10th day of treatment, the patient had a persistent high fever and a chest CT showed exacerbation of pneumonia, so dexamethasone was intravenously started. He was discharged after confirming two consecutive negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests. Three months after COVID-19 treatment, a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test was negative and he underwent a deceased donor kidney transplantation. Basiliximab induction with triple drug immunosuppression consisting of extended-release tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisolone, which is our regular immunosuppression protocol, was used. He was discharged on postoperative day 18 without the need for postoperative hemodialysis or any complications. The serum creatinine level was 1.72 mg/dL 95 days postoperatively and he had a favorable clinical course that was similar to deceased donor kidney recipients without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION: We report the first case of a kidney transplantation after COVID-19 treatment in Japan and the fourth case globally. We would like to provide information about our successful case due to the anticipated increase in similar candidates in the near future.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.03.018

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: This study aimed to clarify the efficacy and toxicity of first-line combination treatment with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and gemcitabine (PCG) for advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) in cisplatin-unfit patients compared with cisplatin-fit patients. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of patients who received first-line PCG. Using international consensus criteria, patients were classified into cisplatin-fit and -unfit groups. Cisplatin-unfit patients received PCG with adjustment of the cisplatin dose after assessing 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance, without modifying the administration interval. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2017, 50 patients received first-line PCG, of whom 30 and 20 were classified into the cisplatin-fit and -unfit groups. After a median follow-up of 15.0 months, the median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 15.0 and 9.8 months in all patients, 15.0 and 10.0 months in the cisplatin-fit group, and 13.2 and 9.3 months in the cisplatin-unfit group, respectively. There was no significant difference in OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69-2.54) or PFS (HR: 1.38, 95% CI: 0.74-2.55) between the groups. The overall response rate and complete response rate were 58% (95% CI: 43.2-71.8) and 32% (95% CI: 19.5-46.7) in all patients, and 55% (95% CI: 31.5-76.9) and 35% (95% CI: 15.4-59.2) in the cisplatin-unfit group, respectively. The common grade 3 of 4 adverse events experienced were neutropenia (78%), followed by thrombocytopenia (56%), anemia (46%), and febrile neutropenia (16%). The 24-hour urinary creatinine clearance did not differ significantly between the groups after one, two, or three courses of PCG. CONCLUSIONS: We found no significant difference regarding OS and PFS between the cisplatin-fit patients with a full dose of cisplatin and -unfit patients with cisplatin-dose-adjusted chemotherapy. In select cisplatin-unfit patients, PCG with dose adjustment of cisplatin may be useful for treating advanced/metastatic UC without any significant adverse events or impaired renal function compared with cisplatin-fit patients with a full dose of cisplatin.

DOI： 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.02.029

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: The advantages of photodynamic diagnostic technology using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-PDD) have been established. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the usefulness of ALA-PDD to diagnose upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UT-UC) using the Olympus VISERA ELITE video system. METHODS: We carried out a prospective, interventional, non-randomized, non-contrast and open label cohort pilot study that involved patients who underwent ureterorenoscopy (URS) to detect UT-UC. 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride was orally administered before URS. The observational results and pathological diagnosis with ALA-PDD and traditional white light methods were compared, and the proportion of positive subjects and specimens were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 20 patients were enrolled and one patient who had multiple bladder tumors did not undergo URS. Fifteen of 19 patients were pathologically diagnosed with UT-UC and of these 11 (73.3%) were ALA-PDD positive. Fourteen of 19 patients were ALA-PDD positive and of these 11 were pathologically diagnosed with UC. For the 92 biopsy specimens that were malignant or benign, the sensitivity for both traditional white light observation and ALA-PDD was the same at 62.5%, whereas the specificities were 73.1% and 67.3%, respectively. Of the 38 specimens that were randomly biopsied without any abnormality under examination by both white light and ALA-PDD, 11 specimens (28.9%) from 5 patients were diagnosed with high grade UC. In contrast, four specimens from 4 patients, which were negative in traditional white light observation but positive in ALA-PDD, were diagnosed with carcinoma in situ (CIS). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that ALA-PDD using VISERA ELITE is not sufficiently applicable for UT-UC. Nevertheless, it might be better particularly for CIS than white light and superior results would be obtained using VISERA ELITE II video system. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The present clinical study was approved by the Okayama University Institutional Review Board prior to study initiation (Application no.: RIN 1803-002) and was registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR), Japan (Accession no.: UMIN000031205).

DOI： 10.1186/s12894-021-00819-2

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous cryoablation is widely used for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. We prospectively evaluated the oncologic outcomes and safety of percutaneous cryoablation for the treatment of tumors ≤ 4 cm in diameter. METHODS: We included patients aged ≥ 20 years, who had histologically proven renal cell carcinoma, tumor diameter ≤ 4 cm, a performance status of ≤ 1, acceptable laboratory parameters, were inoperable or refused to undergo surgery, and had signed a written informed consent. The primary endpoint was the cause-specific survival rate. The secondary endpoints were overall and progression-free survival, and adverse event frequency and grade. All procedures were percutaneously performed under computed tomography fluoroscopy guidance. RESULTS: From October 2013 to October 2015, 33 patients (mean age: 68 ± 14 years; sex: six women, 27 men) were enrolled. The mean tumor diameter was 2.1 ± 0.6 (range 1.0-3.4) cm. The median follow-up period was 60.1 (range 18.4-76.6) months. One patient died of non-renal cell carcinoma-related disease 46 months after percutaneous cryoablation. The cause-specific and overall survival rates were 100% and 96.8% at 3 years, and 100% and 96.8% at 5 years, respectively. There was no local tumor progression or distant metastasis. The incidence of severe urological (urinary fistula and perinephric infection) and non-urological adverse events (increased creatine kinase and skin ulceration) was 6% each. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous cryoablation for renal cell carcinoma ≤ 4 cm in diameter achieved good tumor control with a low complication frequency.

DOI： 10.1007/s10147-020-01825-4

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本内視鏡外科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between being underweight and shockwave lithotripsy outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective two-centre cohort study conducted in Japan involved 597 patients diagnosed with a single urinary tract calculus based on computed tomography and who underwent shockwave lithotripsy between 2006 and 2016. We divided the patients into four groups based on their body mass index (underweight, ≤  18.4; normal weight, 18.5-24.9; overweight, 25-29.9; obese,  ≥  30 kg/m2). We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis and estimated the odds ratio for success of single-session shockwave lithotripsy. RESULTS: Of the 597 patients, 25 (4.2%) were underweight and 34 (5.7%) were obese. After adjusting for age, sex, calculus localisation, maximum stone length, mean stone density, and skin-to-stone distance, being underweight showed a significantly negative association with success of single-session shockwave lithotripsy (odds ratio 0.25, 95% confidence interval 0.09-0.69) compared to being normal weight. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed the negative impact of being underweight on the outcomes of shockwave lithotripsy in patients with upper urinary tract calculi. This finding provides a novel viewpoint regarding the body mass index and should aid improved treatment selection for patients with upper urinary tract calculi.

DOI： 10.1007/s00345-020-03199-8

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

症例は30代,女性。過去に左腋窩皮膚生検で神経線維腫と診断され,特徴的な皮膚所見や家族歴などから神経線維腫症1型(NF-1;von Recklinghausen病)を疑われていたが放置していた。20XX年2月に右大腿部痛,背部痛を主訴に近医を受診しMRI,造影CTで約13cm大の後腹膜腫瘤を指摘され,L2神経根からの発生と脊柱管内の浸潤も疑われ,神経線維腫の疑いとして手術目的に当科紹介された。合同での手術が必要と考えられたため,整形外科に紹介しMRIガイド下生検で悪性末梢神経鞘腫瘍の可能性を示唆された。同年6月に腫瘍の動脈塞栓術施行後に右後腹膜腫瘍摘出術を施行し,病理結果から悪性末梢神経鞘腫瘍と診断された。術後10ヵ月現在再発認めず,外来通院中である。後腹膜原発腫瘍において悪性末梢神経鞘腫瘍は極めて稀な症例であり,有効な治療法は確立されていない。今回,後腹膜原発の悪性末梢神経鞘腫瘍の1例を経験したので,若干の文献的考察を加えて報告する。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Accumulating evidence has shown that Wnt signaling is deeply involved in male reproductive physiology, and malfunction of the signal path can cause pathological changes in genital organs and sperm cells. These abnormalities are diverse in manifestation and have been constantly found in the knockout models of Wnt studies. Nevertheless, most of the research solely focused on a certain factor in the Wnt pathway, and there are few reports on the overall relation between Wnt signals and male reproductive physiology. In our review, Wnt findings relating to the reproductive system were sought and summarized in terms of Wnt ligands, Wnt receptors, Wnt intracellular signals and Wnt regulators. By sorting out and integrating relevant functions, as well as underlining the controversies among different reports, our review aims to offer an overview of Wnt signaling in male reproductive physiology and pathology for further mechanistic studies.

DOI： 10.1093/molehr/gaaa085

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Long-term survival outcomes of patients who undergo endoscopic management of non-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma remain uncertain. The longest mean follow-up period in previous studies was 6.1 years. This study reports the long-term outcomes of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent ureteroscopic ablation at a single institution over a 28-year period. METHODS: We identified all patients who underwent ureteroscopic management of upper tract urothelial carcinoma as their primary treatment at our institution between January 1991 and April 2011. Survival outcomes, including overall survival, cancer-specific survival, upper-tract recurrence-free survival and renal unit survival, were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methodology. RESULTS: A total of 15 patients underwent endoscopic management, with a mean age at diagnosis of 66 years. All patients underwent ureteroscopy, and biopsy-confirmed pathology was obtained. Median (range; mean) follow-up was 11.7 (2.3-20.9, 11.9) years. Upper tract recurrence occurred in 87% (n = 13) of patients. Twenty percent (n = 3) of patients proceeded to nephroureterectomy. The estimated cancer-specific survival rate was 93% at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. Estimated overall survival rates were 86, 80, 54 and 20% at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years. Only one patient experienced cancer-specific mortality. The estimated mean and median overall survival times were 14.5 and 16.6 years, respectively. The estimated mean cancer-specific survival time was not reached. CONCLUSIONS: Although upper tract recurrence is common, endoscopic management of non-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma provides a 90% cancer-specific survival rate at 20 years in selected patients.

DOI： 10.1093/jjco/hyaa132

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：The Korean Urological Association  

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the prognostic value of pretreatment inflammation-based scoring systems in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with germ cell tumors (GCTs) receiving bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin (BEP) chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 63 patients with GCTs retrospectively. The Glasgow prognostic score (GPS), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, prognostic index, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), systemic immune-inflammation index, and albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) were measured in all patients before chemotherapy. To assess the predictive ability of each scoring system, areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated, and multivariate analysis was performed to identify associations between the predictive scores and OS. RESULTS: Of all the inflammation-based scoring systems, the GPS had the greatest area under the curve (0.847) for predicting OS, followed by the PNI (0.829) and AGR (0.810). Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that the GPS, PNI, and AGR were significantly associated with OS, whereas the GPS, PLR, and PNI were significantly associated with PFS. In the multivariate analysis, the GPS was an independent predictor of OS and PFS. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that the GPS was the most valuable biomarker of OS and PFS in patients with GCTs.

DOI： 10.4111/icu.20200103

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Purpose: With the advance of screening techniques, there is a growing number of low-risk or intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa) cases, remaining a serious threat to men's health. To obtain better efficacy, a growing interest has been attracted to develop such emerging treatments as immunotherapy and focal therapy. However, few studies offer guidance on whether and how to combine these modalities against PCa. This study was designed to develop dual-functional nanoparticles (NPs) which combined photothermal therapy (PTT) with immunotherapy and determine the anti-tumor efficacy for PCa treatment. Methods: By a double emulsion technique, the drug nanocarrier, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) or PLGA, was applied for co-loading of a fluorescent dye, indocyanine green (ICG) and a toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist resiquimod (R848) to synthesize PLGA-ICG-R848 NPs. Next, we determined their characteristic features and evaluated whether they inhibited the cell viability in multiple PCa cell lines. After treatment with PLGA-ICG-R848, the maturation markers of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were detected by flow cytometry. By establishing a subcutaneous xenograft model of mouse PCa, we explored both the anti-tumor effect and immune response following the NPs-based laser ablation. Results: With a mean diameter of 157.7 nm, PLGA-ICG-R848 exhibited no cytotoxic effect in PCa cells, but they significantly decreased RM9 cell viability to (3.9±1.0)% after laser irradiation. Moreover, PLGA-ICG-R848 promoted BMDCs maturation with the significantly elevated proportions of CD11c+CD86+ and CD11c+CD80+ cells. Following PLGA-ICG-R848-based laser ablation in vivo, the decreased bioluminescent signals indicated a significant inhibition of PCa growth, while the ratio of splenic natural killer (NK) cells in PLGA-ICG-R848 was (3.96±1.88)% compared with (0.99±0.10)% in PBS group, revealing the enhanced immune response against PCa. Conclusion: The dual-functional PLGA-ICG-R848 NPs under laser irradiation exhibit the anti-tumor efficacy for PCa treatment by combining PTT with immunotherapy.

DOI： 10.2147/IJN.S301552

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記述言語：英語  

Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome can cause an inguinal hernia, although this is a rare occurrence; recurrent inguinal hernias can, in turn, cause ongoing groin pain. Management of groin pain plays an important role in patients' quality of life. We present our experience with a 43-year-old man who had a 2-week history of left-sided groin pain. The patient underwent laparoscopic surgery for a left inguinal hernia via the transabdominal preperitoneal approach. Right-sided cryptorchidism was noted during surgery, with a solid structure-thought to be a uterus-extending into the left inguinal canal. The diagnosis was persistent Müllerian duct syndrome, and the groin pain was relieved after a laparoscopic right orchiectomy with a bilateral preperitoneal hernia repair using a mesh. Four years later, magnetic resonance imaging performed for new-onset left groin pain showed a left inguinal hernia caused by the uterine structure. We diagnosed the recurrent hernia as the cause of his pain. Prior to performing any invasive surgical procedures, an iliohypogastric nerve block was performed using 1% lidocaine. Short-term analgesia was provided by the block, improving his quality of life. He has been followed since then and has declined surgical neurectomy. An iliohypogastric nerve block can be an effective method of controlling groin pain caused by an inguinal hernia resulting from persistent Müllerian duct syndrome; the effectiveness of the nerve block will help determine whether surgical neurectomy is indicated for permanent pain control.

DOI： 10.1155/2021/7577632

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Repeated cycles of first-line chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (CIS) trigger frequent chemoresistance in recurrent urothelial bladder cancer (UBC). Nitroxoline (NTX), an antibiotic to treat urinary tract infections, has been recently repurposed for cancer treatment. Here we aimed to investigate whether NTX suppresses drug-resistant UBC and its molecular mechanism. The drug-resistant cell lines T24/DOX and T24/CIS were established by continual exposure of parental cell line T24 to DOX and CIS, respectively. T24/DOX and T24/CIS cells were resistant to DOX and CIS, respectively, but they were sensitive to NTX time- and dose-dependently. Overexpressions of STAT3 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were identified in T24/DOX and T24/CIS, which could be reversed by NTX. Western blot revealed that NTX downregulated p-STAT3, c-Myc, Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK6, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, and Survivin, which were further confirmed by Stattic, a selective STAT3 inhibitor. In vivo, NTX exhibited the significant anti-tumor effect in T24/DOX and T24/CIS tumor-bearing mice. These results suggested that NTX-induced P-gp reversal, G0/G1 arrest, and apoptosis in drug-resistant UBC were mediated by inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Our findings repurpose NTX as a novel STAT3 inhibitor to induce P-gp reversal, G0/G1 arrest, and apoptosis in drug-resistant UBC.

DOI： 10.7150/ijbs.63125

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effect and impact of low-dose rituximab induction therapy on cytomegalovirus infection in living-donor renal transplantation. METHODS: A total of 92 recipients undergoing living-donor renal transplantation at Okayama University Hospital from May 2009 to August 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Indications for preoperative rituximab (200 mg/body) were the following: (i) ABO major mismatch; (ii) ABO minor mismatch; (iii) donor-specific anti-human leukocyte antigen antibody-positive; and (iv) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. We excluded four recipients who were followed <3 months, five who received >200 mg/body rituximab and seven who received prophylactic therapy for cytomegalovirus. RESULTS: There were 59 patients in the rituximab group and 17 in the non-rituximab group. Groups differed significantly in age (median age 53 vs 37 years, respectively; P = 0.04), but not in sex (male 64% vs 65%, P = 1.00), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (3% vs 0%, P = 1.00) or percentage of cytomegalovirus-seronegative recipients of renal allografts from cytomegalovirus-seropositive donors (12% vs 18%, P = 0.68). The estimated glomerular filtration rate did not differ significantly between groups until 24 months after transplantation. Cytomegalovirus clinical symptoms (10% vs 24%, P = 0.22), including fever ≥38°C (5% vs 12%, P = 0.31) and gastrointestinal symptoms (5% vs 12%, P = 0.31), and the 5-year survival rates of death-censored graft loss (90% vs 83%, P = 0.43) did not differ significantly between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose rituximab induction therapy is effective in immunological high-risk recipients without increasing cytomegalovirus infection in the absence of valganciclovir prophylaxis.

DOI： 10.1111/iju.14382

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会総会事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本泌尿器内視鏡学会  

2009年にダビンチSが薬事承認、2012年にロボット支援下腹腔鏡下前立腺全摘除術が保険収載されて以来、ロボット手術は急激に普及している。岡山大学病院関連施設においても、この数年間でダビンチが急速に普及し、13台(岡山大学病院を含む)のダビンチが稼働し45名の術者が執刀を行っている。しかしながら、各々施設での手術方法、指導方法は全く同じではない。関連施設内での人事異動にともない、岡山大学病院においても、様々な背景を有する術者が在籍するようになり、同一施設内にも関わらず複数の手術方法が乱立した。この状態に当施設のロボット手術教育はうまく対応できず、2015年頃より周術期成績も悪化の傾向を示した。この問題を解決するために、腹腔鏡手術教育にて培った"手術内容を統一し手術内容の再現性を高め、短いラーニングカーブを目指す"というコンセプトを応用し、この状況を乗り越えようと試みている。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2020&ichushi_jid=J05817&link_issn=&doc_id=20201215380007&doc_link_id=10.11302%2Fjsejje.33.221&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11302%2Fjsejje.33.221&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

症例は46歳,女性.子宮筋腫術後フォローアップMRIで,膀胱頸部に約3cm大の嚢胞性病変を指摘されていた.X年3月,頻尿・排尿痛を主訴に前医泌尿器科を受診した.保存的加療では排尿障害の改善が得られず,精査加療のためX年11月に当院紹介となった.腹部超音波検査で残尿は認めなかったが,尿道周囲に嚢胞性病変を認めた.内診では腟前壁に弾性軟の腫瘤を認めた.経腟的嚢胞穿刺の上,インジゴカルミンを注入すると,尿道鏡下に尿道5時方向より色素の噴出を認め,尿道憩室と診断した.その後,排尿障害が軽快したため経過観察としていたが,X+1年10月に膀胱炎様症状および排尿困難が再燃し,MRIで憩室の再増大を認めたため,外科的治療の方針とした.X+2年2月,経腟的尿道憩室切除術を施行した.憩室口は縫合閉鎖,憩室壁は可及的に切除し,残存する憩室壁内腔を可及的に掻爬した後,尿道周囲筋膜・腟前壁を縫合閉鎖した.周術期合併症を認めず,術後も排尿症状なく経過している.本症例における診断および術式で工夫したポイントを,若干の文献的考察を加え報告する.(著者抄録)

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology  

PURPOSE: To determine the impact of sarcopenia on erectile functional outcomes after a nerve-sparing (NS) robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) using patient-reported validated questionnaires. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, RARP was performed on 841 patients at Okayama University Hospital, of which 132 underwent NS RARP. Erectile functional outcomes were assessed using the 5-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite before and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Automated measurement of skeletal muscle at L3 was achieved using volume analyzer software and normalizing for height (cm²/m²) to calculate skeletal muscle index (SMI). Patients who had an IIEF-5≤4 comprised the group with erectile dysfunction (ED), and those with an IIEF-5≤5 made up the non-ED group. RESULTS: This study enrolled 95 patients of median age 65 years with a preoperative IIEF-5 of 16. There were no significant differences between patients with and without sarcopenia among those with preoperative IIEF-5. Postoperatively, in the ED group, SMI and preoperative IIEF-5 were significantly lower than in the non-ED group. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that (1) both SMI and preoperative IIEF-5 were independent predictors of ED, and (2) sarcopenia and preoperative IIEF-5 were predictors of ED at 12 months after NS RARP. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with sarcopenia can have worse erectile functional outcomes after NS RARP. Sarcopenia and a lower preoperative IIEF-5 score may be predictive of postoperative ED.

DOI： 10.5534/wjmh.200036

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語  

We report a 47-year-old Japanese female with 10 previous treatments for multiple bilateral renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. The 14-mm right lower pole renal tumor was in contact with the right ureter. Laparoscopic cryoablation was performed to protect the ureter wrapped with gauze. Computed tomography (CT) monitoring was used to confirm the precise ≥ 6 mm ice-ball margin. There was no local progression at 6-months post-surgery. The serum creatinine has been stable. This is apparently the first report of combined laparoscopic and CT monitoring of an ice-ball formation and its margin during cryoablation for RCC.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/60806

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: Urinary incontinence is a major concern after radical prostatectomy because it can decrease quality of life. The aim of the present study was to explore the effect of preoperative skeletal muscle on urinary quality of life after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. METHODS: A total of 762 patients underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Longitudinal health-related quality of life was evaluated using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite instrument. The skeletal muscle area at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was assessed preoperatively by computed tomography and was standardized to height to obtain the skeletal muscle index. Reduced skeletal muscle size (RSMS) was defined as a skeletal muscle index ≤ 53 or ≤ 43 cm2 /m2 in patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25 or < 25, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 301 patients were included in this study, of whom 91 were classified as having RSMS (30.2%). Non-RSMS patients exhibited better urinary function at 12 months (P = .012) and better urinary continence recovery at 2 weeks and 12 months (P = .033 and P = .014, respectively) after prostatectomy compared with RSMS patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified preoperative RSMS as a significant and independent predictor of urinary incontinence (odds ratio = 1.77, P = .028). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with RSMS had a lower urinary quality of life compared with non-RSMS patients after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, and RSMS, independent of age or BMI, was predictive of postoperative urinary incontinence.

DOI： 10.1111/luts.12312

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Spandidos Publications  

REIC/Dkk-3 is a tumor suppressor, and its expression is significantly downregulated in a variety of human cancer types. A previous study performed yeast two-hybrid screening and identified the small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein α (SGTA), known as a negative modulator of cytoplasmic androgen receptor (AR) signaling, which is a novel interacting partner of REIC/Dkk-3. The previous study also indicated that the REIC/Dkk-3 protein interferes with the dimerization of SGTA and then upregulates the AR transport and signaling in human prostate cancer PC3 cells. Since the transport of some steroid receptors to nucleus is conducted similarly by dynein motor-dependent way, the current study aimed to investigate the role of SGTA and REIC/Dkk-3 in the transport of other glucocorticoid receptors (GR). In vitro reporter assays for the cytoplasmic GR transport were performed in human prostate cancer PC3 cells and 293T cells. As for the SGTA protein, a suppressive effect on the GR transport to the nucleus was observed in the cells. As for the REIC/Dkk-3 protein, an inhibitory effect was observed for the GR transport in PC3 cells. Under the depleted condition of SGTA by short-hairpin (sh)RNA, the downregulation of GR transport by REIC/Dkk-3 was significantly enhanced compared with the non-depleted condition in PC3 cells, suggesting a compensatory role of REIC/Dkk-3 in the SGTA mediated inhibition of GR transport. The current study therefore demonstrated that SGTA inhibited the cytoplasmic transport of GR in 293T and PC3 cells, and REIC/Dkk-3 also inhibited the cytoplasmic transport of GR in PC3 cells. These results may be used to gain novel insight into the GR transport and signaling in normal and cancer cells.

DOI： 10.3892/etm.2020.8819

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

In this retrospective single-center cohort study, we investigated the impact of preoperative use of an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor (AR) blocker on the outcome of single-session extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in 193 male patients who underwent SWL for a single ureteral calculus between 2006 and 2016. We reviewed their medical records to obtain the data on the preoperative use of alpha-1 AR blockers. The primary outcome was treatment success after single-session SWL. We performed a multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusting for clinically important confounders to examine the association between preoperative use of alpha-1 AR blockers and the treatment success of SWL. Among the 193 patients, 15 (7.8%) were taking an alpha-1 AR blocker preoperatively. A multivariable analysis showed that preoperative use of an alpha-1 AR blocker was a significant negative predictor for treatment success of SWL (adjusted odds ratio 0.17; 95% confidence intervals, 0.04-0.74). Our findings suggest that the preoperative use of an alpha-1 AR blocker was a negative predictor of treatment success of SWL in male patients with a single ureteral calculus. Clinicians should pay more attention to the preoperative drug use in determining an appropriate stone therapy modality.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/60367

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Although detection of microscopic hematuria is a well-known diagnostic method for urolithiasis, its ability to predict urolithiasis treatment outcomes in adults is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of microscopic hematuria in conservative treatment of ureteral calculus. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study involved 482 patients who were diagnosed with a single uncomplicated ureteral calculus (≤10 mm) using computed tomography and underwent conservative therapy at two Japanese community hospitals between 2013 and 2018. Patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of microscopic hematuria (no, ≤4; mild to moderate, 5-99; and severe, ≥100 red blood cells per high-power field) and as determined during the first emergency department or urologic outpatient clinic visit. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds ratio for successful conservative therapy at 28 d after the diagnosis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Of the 482 patients, 81 (16.8%), 209 (43.4%), and 192 (39.8%) had no, mild to moderate, and severe microscopic hematuria, respectively. After adjustments for six relevant confounders, severe microscopic hematuria showed a significant association with successful conservative therapy at 28 d (adjusted odds ratio, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.57; p = 0.043), whereas mild to moderate microscopic hematuria did not (adjusted odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 0.57-1.93; p = 0.872) when compared with no microscopic hematuria. CONCLUSIONS: Severe microscopic hematuria was significantly associated with successful conservative therapy for single uncomplicated ureteral calculus. PATIENT SUMMARY: Microscopic hematuria might have predictive value for conservative treatment of a single uncomplicated ureteral calculus. Using the presence or absence of blood in urine and other predictive factors, clinicians may lead patients with a single uncomplicated ureteral calculus to successful conservative therapy.

DOI： 10.1016/j.euf.2020.04.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The present study investigated the concordance between Gleason scores assigned to prostate biopsy specimens by outside pathologists and a urological pathology expert, and determined the risk of upgrading between opinion-matched Gleason grade group (GGG) 1 biopsy specimens and radical prostatectomy specimens. Between January 2012 and May 2018, 733 patients underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Patients whose original biopsy specimens from outside hospitals were reviewed by a urological pathology expert Okayama University Hospital were included. Patients who had received neoadjuvant hormonal therapy were excluded. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of upgrading among GGG 1 diagnoses. A total of 403 patients were included in the present study. Agreement in GGG between initial and second-opinion diagnoses was present in 256 cases (63.5%). Although opinion-matched cases improved concordance between biopsy and prostatectomy specimen GGG compared with single-opinion cases (initial, 35.2%; second-opinion, 36.5%; matched, 41.4%), 71% (56/79) of cases classified as GGG 1 were upgraded after prostatectomy. Multivariate analysis revealed that prostate-specific antigen density and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 score were significant predictors of upgrading (odds ratio, 1.10; P=0.01; and odds ratio, 1.88; P=0.03, respectively). In conclusion, the GGG concordance rate between needle-core biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens was higher in opinion-matched cases; however, 71% of opinion-matched GGG1 cases were upgraded after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Urologists should propose treatment strategies or further biopsy rather than active surveillance for patients with GGG1 and a high PSAD and/or PI-RADS score.

DOI： 10.3892/mco.2020.1996

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Preemptive kidney transplantation (PEKT) is recognized as the best therapy to avoid dialysis. However, it is not clear whether PEKT recipients experience an improvement in quality of life (QoL) after kidney transplantation (KT) that exceeds that of non-PEKT recipients, since PEKT recipients have not experienced the heavy burden of dialysis. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in QoL for PEKT and non-PEKT recipients following transplantation. METHODS: Patients included in this study underwent living donor KT in our hospital. We excluded patients with incomplete SF-36 scores and with factors that could affect QoL, such as complications or rejection. QoL was assessed by the Short Form 36-Item Health Survey version 2.0 preoperatively and 3 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients underwent living donor KT in our hospital. Twelve PEKT and 20 non-PEKT recipients were enrolled in this retrospective study. In the non-PEKT group, both the physical and mental domain scores dramatically improved from baseline at 3 months, and remained at a similar level at 12 months. In contrast, in the PEKT group, only 1 domain of the physical and mental score improved at 3 months, and the social functioning score gradually improved at 12 months. Although the mental component score showed significant improvement in the non-PEKT group, it did not change in the PEKT group. CONCLUSIONS: The improvement of QoL after transplantation is more evident in the non-PEKT group. PEKT recipients have less mental satisfaction than non-PEKT recipients.

DOI： 10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.01.042

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

【目的】当科におけるpembrolizumabの治療成績について報告する。【対象と方法】2018年4月から2019年7月までの間に、当院で進行性尿路上皮癌に対してpembrolizumabを使用した19例を対象とした。後方視的に有効性と安全性について検討した。【結果】年齢中央値は68歳(39〜81歳)、性別は男性14例(74%)、女性5例(26%)であった。上部尿路腫瘍10例(53%)、膀胱腫瘍7例(37%)、その他2例(11%)であり、転移部位はリンパ節14例(74%)、肺9例(47%)、骨4例(21%)、肝2例(11%)であった。投与回数の中央値は3回(1〜16回)、観察期間の中央値は4ヵ月(1〜12ヵ月)であった。奏効率は24%、progression-free survival(PFS)の中央値は2.7ヵ月、overall survival(OS)の中央値は9.1ヵ月であった。PRを得られた症例(4例)では観察期間終了時点においても全例で継続可能であった。免疫関連有害事象は4例で経験した。好中球・リンパ球比とPFSは負の相関を認めた。【結論】当院におけるpembrolizumabの治療成績は他の報告と同等であった。奏効例についてはdurable responseを得られた。今後、臨床的に応用可能な効果予測因子のさらなる検討が必要である。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2020&ichushi_jid=J01004&link_issn=&doc_id=20200514090018&doc_link_id=%2Fer9niuro%2F2020%2F008201%2F018%2F0106-0110%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fer9niuro%2F2020%2F008201%2F018%2F0106-0110%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本化学療法学会  

臨床的に遭遇する頻度の高い尿道炎は、初診時に淋菌性か非淋菌性か鑑別してマネジメントを行う。非淋菌性尿道炎(Non-gonococcal urethritis、NGU)の場合にはクラミジア性尿道炎をまず想定するが、保険収載の関係から淋菌(Neisseria gonorrhoeae)、クラミジア(Chlamydia trachomatis)以外の病原微生物に関する検査は行うことができない。検査の性格上、一次治療を開始したあとにC.trachomatisの有無が判明する。治療失敗例では、Mycoplasma genitaliumなど、C.trachomatis以外の病原体の存在を考慮して二次治療を開始する。その際、M.genitaliumの薬剤感受性が低下していることや治療失敗例が報告されており、薬剤の選択には十分な注意が必要である。わが国のガイドラインでは、NGUに対してsitafloxacin(STFX)が推奨薬の一つとして挙げられており、良好な治療効果も報告されている。現時点ではNGUに対してazithromycin(AZM)を第一選択、STFXを第二選択として使用されることが一般的であるが、AZMによる治療失敗例だけでなく、症例によっては初期からSTFXが採用されるべきである。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a new clinical prediction model that accurately predicts the failure of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) using information obtained from non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT). METHODS: This multicentre retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled patients diagnosed with upper urinary tract calculi by NCCT at five hospitals in Japan from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2016. Among the candidate predictors, we selected the six most significant predictors a priori. The main outcome was SWL failure after three sessions. Model calibration was evaluated by the calibration slope and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Discrimination was evaluated by the receiver-operating characteristic curves and the area under the curve (AUC). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed; based on the estimated β coefficients, predictive scores were generated. RESULTS: Of 2695 patients, 2271 were included. Patients were divided into the development cohort (1666 patients) and validation cohort (605 patients) according to geographical factors. We developed a clinical prediction model with scores ranging from 0 to 49 points. We named the prediction model the S3HoCKwave score based on the initials of the predictors (sex, skin-to-stone distance, size, Hounsfield units, colic, and kidney or ureter). As a result of internal validation, the optimism-corrected AUC was 0.72. In the validation cohort, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test did not show statistical significance (P = 0.33), and the AUC was 0.71 (95% confidence interval 0.65-0.76). CONCLUSIONS: The S3HoCKwave score is easy to understand, has a relatively high predictive value, and allows clinicians to make appropriate treatment selections.

DOI： 10.1007/s00345-020-03125-y

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

We investigated the feasibility of robotic renal autotransplantation (RAT) in a porcine model to reduce invasiveness of RAT. Five pigs underwent robotic RAT using the da Vinci® robotic system. A robotic left nephrectomy was performed in all cases. Robotic RAT was performed on the left side in all but one case. Four ports were used. In 3 cases, the kidney was taken out through the GelPort® and irrigated on ice with Ringer's solution. In 2 cases, a complete intracorporeal robotic RAT was performed. An end-to-side anastomosis was performed between the renal vein and the external iliac vein and between the renal artery and the external iliac artery. Ureteroneocystostomy was also performed in 2 cases. All cases were performed robotically without open conversion. The median (IQR) console time was 3.1 (0.7) h, and the operative time was 3.8 (1.1) h. The estimated blood loss was 30 (0) ml. The warm ischemia time was 4.0 (0.2) min, and the cold ischemia time was 97 (17) min. Intracorporeal transarterial hypothermic renal perfusion was feasible in the 2 complete intracorporeal robotic RAT cases by using a perfusion catheter through a laparoscopic port. Robotic RAT has the potential to be a new minimally invasive substitute for conventional open surgery.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/57953

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: To prospectively investigate the incidence, severity, duration, and effect on lifestyle of post-ablation syndrome (PAS) after percutaneous renal cryoablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 39 patients (27 male and 12 female; mean age, 62 years) who underwent 40 CT-guided cryoablation sessions for pathologically proven renal cancer (mean size, 20 mm) between December 2015 and December 2017. Four symptoms attributable to PAS, i.e., fever, nausea, vomiting, malaise, and the synergistic effect of these symptoms on lifestyle by 21 days after ablation were evaluated using a questionnaire. Symptoms were graded according to the common toxicity criteria of adverse events. RESULTS: The incidences of fever, nausea, vomiting, and malaise were 100% (40/40), 20% (8/40), 20% (8/40), and 63% (25/40), respectively. Most (78/81, 96%) symptoms had begun by day 2. The highest grade of fever per session was 0 (defined as ≥37.0 °C and <38.0 °C) (n = 24), 1 (n = 15), or 2 (n = 1); that of nausea was 2 (n = 8); that of vomiting was 1 (n = 7) or 3 (n = 1); and that of malaise was 1 (n = 14) or 2 (n = 11). Most (76/81, 94%) symptoms had resolved by day 8. The average values for the maximum scores of interference with general activity and work were 3.6 and 1.1, respectively. CONCLUSION: All symptoms were generally early-onset and self-limiting, with minimal impact on lifestyle and resolution by day 8. The clinical course and impact of PAS should be acknowledged by practitioners who manage patients undergoing renal cryoablation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.108750

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記述言語：英語  

Renal pelvis carcinoma associated with staghorn calculus is a clinically rare condition. A 66-year-old man presented with flank pain due to an 8 cm complete staghorn calculus. We performed three lithotomies using endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery and carried out intraoperative biopsy. Histopathological examinations revealed a keratinized lesion. One month later, contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed an advanced renal pelvis carcinoma. These findings demonstrate that even an intraoperative biopsy may be insufficient to diagnose a renal pelvis carcinoma associated with a staghorn calculus. The possibility of RPCa developing when treating a long-standing staghorn calculus should therefore be kept in mind.

DOI： 10.1155/2020/9703479

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Ivyspring International Publisher  

Nitroxoline is considered to be an effective treatment for the urinary tract infections. Recently, it has been found to be effective against several cancers. However, few studies have examined the anti-tumor activity of nitroxoline in bladder cancer. The purpose of the study was to reveal the possible mechanisms how nitroxoline inhibited bladder cancer progression. In vitro assay, we demonstrated that nitroxoline inhibited bladder cancer cell growth and migration in a concentration-related manner. Western blot analysis demonstrated that nitroxoline downregulated the expressions of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins. Furthermore, treatment with nitroxoline in the C3H/He mice bladder cancer subcutaneous model resulted in significant inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, the percentage of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) in peripheral blood cells significantly decreased after treatment of nitroxoline. Taken together, our results suggested that nitroxoline may be used as a potential drug for bladder cancer.

DOI： 10.7150/jca.47025

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the major pathogens causing acute epididymitis. Azithromycin (AZM) has a good efficacy against C. trachomatis; however, the ability of AZM to penetrate into human epididymal tissue has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we examined the appropriate dosage of oral AZM for human epididymal tissue by site-specific pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis. METHODS: Patients with prostate cancer who underwent orchiectomy were included in this study. All patients received a 1-g dose of AZM before orchiectomy. Both epididymal tissue and blood samples were collected during surgery, and the drug concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. All concentration-time data were analyzed with a three-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination processes to simulate AZM concentrations in serum and epididymal tissue. RESULTS: A total of 10 patients were enrolled in the current study. For the observed values, the ratio of the epididymal concentration to the serum concentration was 5.13 ± 3.71 (mean ± standard deviation). For the simulated values, the maximum concentrations were 0.64 μg/mL at 2.42 h in serum and 1.96 μg/g at 4.10 h in epididymal tissue. The 24-h concentrations were 0.239 μg/mL in serum and 0.795 μg/g in epididymal tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The penetration of oral AZM into human epididymal tissue was examined to assess the potential application of AZM for the treatment of acute epididymitis. Based on the previous reports mentioning drug-susceptibility of C. trachomatis, multiple doses of oral AZM 1 g would be recommended for epididymitis based on the site-specific PK/PD.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.05.011

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本排尿機能学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本泌尿器内視鏡学会  

当院泌尿器科では2006年から独自の腹腔鏡手術教育プログラムを作成し手術教育を行っている。2009年3月から2017年11月までに当院で腹腔鏡技術認定医トレーニング中の泌尿器科医師が執刀した腹腔鏡下副腎摘除術76症例と、当院の腹腔鏡技術認定医が行った43症例との周術期成績の比較検討を行った。プログラム対象者は合計18人(卒後6-11年目)で、1人あたりの執刀症例数は中央値4例(range:1-9)、認定医の術者は9名で中央値2例(range:1-26)であった。患者背景には大きな差は認めなかった。手術時間は認定医群で有意に短かった(p=0.0122)ものの、両群において輸血や開腹移行症例、重篤な合併症はなかった。手術時間・出血量に急激なラーニングカーブは認めなかった。系統的な手術教育により腹腔鏡手術経験の未熟な術者の初期症例においても、安定した周術期成績を残すことが出来た。(著者抄録)

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J05817&link_issn=&doc_id=20191106410020&doc_link_id=%2Fcs5jjend%2F2019%2F003202%2F023%2F0225-0229%26dl%3D0&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Fcs5jjend%2F2019%2F003202%2F023%2F0225-0229%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本排尿機能学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本排尿機能学会  

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記述言語：英語  

Introduction: An inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the bladder is rare. Some urothelial carcinoma with sarcomatoid changes may mimic an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. Case presentation: A 76-year-old man with indwelling urinary catheters because of a spinal cord injury presented with gross hematuria. Transurethral electrocoagulation and a resection were performed. A T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed a tumor and hematoma in the bladder diverticulum that pathologically resembled an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor. This lesion was then removed en bloc by partial cystectomy. Histology showed a squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid changes. After 4 months, a computed tomography showed the lesion had expanded outside the skin adjacent to the bladder. Conclusion: Some cases of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors have a malignant course. Urologists therefore need to be aware of the possibility of rare cases of malignant bladder myofibroblasts.

DOI： 10.1002/iju5.12085

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

Nephron-sparing treatment should be offered whenever possible to avoid dialysis in allograph cases. Cryoablation is a new treatment option for treating small-sized renal cell cancer (RCCs). We report a case of RCC arising in a kidney allograft treated by cryoablation. To our knowledge, this is the first case in Asia of RCC in a renal allograft treated using cryoablation. Contrast-enhanced CT-guided percutaneous renal needle biopsy and cryoablation were used to identify the RCC, which could not be identified by other techniques. The postoperative course was uneventful. Contrast-enhanced CT also showed no recurrence or metastases at the 6-month follow-up.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/56871

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2020076262

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/iju.14017

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s11701-019-00975-6

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

We measured basal clitoral blood flow by Doppler sonography to determine whether tension-free vaginal mesh(TVM) affects the clitoral blood flow and sexual function in women with pelvic organ prolapse (POP). We performed a prospective study of 22 patients who underwent TVM for POP. Clitoral blood flow was measured by Doppler ultrasound. The resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity (PSV), and end-diastolic velocity (EDV) of the clitoral arteries were measured preoperatively and at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Female sexual function was also investigated with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The mean PI and RI were increased at 1 month and significantly decreased at 6 months postoperatively (p<0.05). In contrast, the mean PSV and EDV decreased at 1 month postoperatively and increased at 6 months postoperatively. These four parameters recovered to baseline levels at 6 months following surgery. Total FSFI scores improved significantly from 10.2±7.9 at baseline to 18.2±8.9 at 6 months postoperatively. Color Doppler ultrasonography is potentially useful in measuring clitoral blood flow in patients treated with TVM for POP. Prospective long-term studies are needed to evaluate the utility of this modality as a diagnostic and prognostic tool for female sexual dysfunction.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/56455

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade is a promising therapeutic strategy against prostate cancer. Nitroxoline has been found to have effective anticancer properties in several cancer types. We investigated the efficacy of a combination therapy involving nitroxoline and PD-1 blockade in a prostate cancer mouse model. In our in vitro analysis, we found that nitroxoline inhibited the viability and proliferation of the mouse prostate cancer cell line RM9-Luc-PSA. Additionally, nitroxoline downregulated the expressions of phospho-PI3 kinase, phospho-Akt (Thr308), phospho-Akt (Ser473), phospho-GSK-3β, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. Nitroxoline also downregulated programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels in prostate cancer cell line and tumor tissue. In our murine prostate cancer orthotopic model, nitroxoline plus PD-1 blockade synergistically suppressed tumor growth when compared with nitroxoline or PD-1 blockade alone, leading to reductions in tumor weight, bioluminescence tumor signals, and serum prostate-specific antigen levels. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis showed that the combination strategy significantly enhanced antitumor immunity by increasing CD44+CD62L+CD8+ memory T cell numbers and reducing myeloid-derived suppressor cell numbers in peripheral blood. In conclusion, our findings suggest that nitroxoline plus PD-1 blockade may be a promising treatment strategy in patients with prostate cancer.

DOI： 10.7150/ijbs.32259

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.11.013

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/luts.12245

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.urology.2018.12.020

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) cases that cannot be detected on repeat prostate biopsy are extremely rare. Our patient was a 51-year-old Japanese man diagnosed as metastatic PCa by histopathological examination of lesions obtained bone biopsy and lymph node dissection. The primary tumor was not detected after repeated prostate biopsy. Metastatic PCa was diagnosed based on immunohistochemical staining: PSA, AR, P504S, and NKX3.1 of bone and lymph node with metastasis. We speculate that the primary PCa was "burned-out," demonstrating remote metastases with no apparent primary tumor in the prostate. Burned-out PCa may be difficult to diagnose and treat due to its rarity.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/56380

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2019286383

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1093/jjco/hyy166

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3892/mco.2018.1697

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10157-018-1643-6

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

We retrospectively analyzed the factors related to postoperative cardiovascular (CV) events in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN) for clinical T1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We identified 570 patients who underwent PN or RN for T1 renal cell carcinoma between January 1998 and December 2009 at our institution and related hospitals. We determined the cumulative incidence rate of CV events and overall survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier survival curves with a log-rank test, and we evaluated the risk for an increase in CV events and OS using Cox proportional hazard regression. Of the 570 patients, 171 underwent PN and 399 underwent RN. The type of surgery was not significantly related with CV events. The only factor that significantly increased the risk of CV events in both the univariate (HR 2.67, p=0.006) and multivariate analyses (HR 2.14, p=0.044) was a postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <45 ml/min/1.73 m2. Postoperative eGFR was also a significant risk factor for OS in the univariate analysis (HR 2.38, p=0.0104), but not in the multivariate model. Postoperative renal function was a significant independent predictor of the incidence of subsequent CV events.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/56069

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2019024724

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/iju.13555

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DOI： 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.12.030

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s12032-018-1140-5

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Tokyo  

BACKGROUND: Introducing a new surgical technology may affect behaviors and attitudes of patients and surgeons about clinical practice. Robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) was approved in 2012 in Japan. We investigated whether the introduction of this system affected the treatment of organ-confined prostate cancer (PCa) and the use of radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study on 718 patients with clinically determined organ-confined PCa treated at one of three Japanese academic institutions in 2011 (n = 338) or 2013 (n = 380). Two patient groups formed according to the treatment year were compared regarding the clinical characteristics of PCa, whether referred or screened at our hospital, comorbidities and surgical risk, and choice of primary treatment. RESULTS: Distribution of PCa risk was not changed by the introduction of RALP. Use of RP increased by 70% (from 127 to 221 cases, p < 0.0001), whereas the number of those undergoing radiotherapy or androgen deprivation therapy decreased irrespective of the disease risk of PCa. Increased use of RP (from 34 to 100 cases) for intermediate- or high-risk PCa patients with mild perioperative risk (American Society of Anesthesiologists score 2) accounted for 70% of the total RP increase, whereas the number of low- or very low-risk PCa patients with high comorbidity scores (Charlson Index ≥ 4) increased from 8 to 25 cases, accounting for 18%. Use of expectant management (active surveillance, watchful waiting) in very low-risk PCa patients was 15% in 2011 and 12% in 2013 (p = 0.791). CONCLUSIONS: Introduction of a robotic surgical system had little effect on the risk distribution of PCa. Use of RP increased, apparently due to increased indications in patients who are candidates for RP but have mild perioperative risk. Although small, there was an increase in the number of RPs performed on patients with severe comorbidities but with low-risk or very low-risk PCa.

DOI： 10.1007/s10147-017-1203-1

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DOI： 10.1186/s13256-018-1605-3

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本内科学会  

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.9775-17

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) that closely correlated with tumor growth, metastasis, provide a plausible explanation for chemoresistance and cancer relapse. CSCs are usually isolated and enriched from carcinoma cells, which is inconvenient, low-efficient, and even unreliable. Here, we converted mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) into prostate cancer stem-like cells with carcinoma microenvironment following exposure to conditioned medium (CM) derived from RM9, a mouse prostate cancer cell line. These transformed cells, termed as miPS-RM9CM, displayed CSCs properties, including spheroids morphology and expression of both stemness genes and cancer stem cells surface markers, such as Oct3/4, Sox2, Nanog, Klf-4, c-Myc, CD44, and CD133. In addition, in vivo transplantation experiment was performed to confirm the tumorigenicity. Furthermore, we used the model to assess conventional chemotherapeutic agent, docetaxel. The results showed that miPS-RM9CM cells exhibited increased resistance to docetaxel, however, high susceptibility to the cancer cell stemness inhibitor I (BBI-608). Our current study demonstrates that CM from cultured RM9 cells play a crucial role in the determination of cell fate from miPSCs to cancer stem-like cells and provide a potentially valuable system for the study of CSCs.

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of fluoroquinolone-insusceptible and/or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli colonizing in the male rectum before transrectal prostate biopsy. METHODS: We carried out a prospective cohort study of men undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy. CHROMagar Orientation originally supplemented with levofloxacin and CHROMagar Orientation/extended-spectrum beta-lactamase were used for detecting fluoroquinolone-insusceptible and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. Rectal specimens were collected before prostate biopsy, and the results of cultures in the selective medium were compared with drug susceptibility measured by standard methods. Targeted prophylactic antimicrobials were administered to patients with drug-resistant Escherichia coli and the incidence of postoperative prostatitis was investigated. In the case of prostatitis, pathogens preoperatively isolated from the rectum and those from urine were compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: Rectal colonization of fluoroquinolone-insusceptible or extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli was detected in 217 of 694 (31.3%) and 85 of 640 (13.3%) participants, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of fluoroquinolone-insusceptible selective media were 96.8% and 88.2%, respectively. A total of 618 participants underwent transrectal prostate biopsy, and postoperative acute prostatitis was observed in four of 618 (0.6%) participants. Escherichia coli strains isolated preoperatively from the rectum and postoperatively from urine were found to be identical. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings showed accuracy and performance of the selective media. Screening cultures before transrectal prostate biopsy using selective media seems to be helpful for guiding antibiotic prophylaxis and thus decreasing the rate of post-biopsy acute prostatitis.

DOI： 10.1111/iju.13447

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3892/ol.2017.6833

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

We describe a 40-year-old living-donor renal-transplant recipient who underwent successful ureterolithotripsy. He had been on hemodialysis for >15 years pre-transplant and underwent ureteroureterostomy along with the surgery. One year post-transplant, ultrasound examination demonstrated hydronephrosis, and CT showed a 6-mm ureteral calculus at the ureteroureterostomy site. No pain and no elevated serum creatinine were present. As the ureter was easily accessed, we performed a ureterolithotripsy, which would confirm whether a suture caused the calculus. Despite ureteral tortuosity, laser stone fragmentation succeeded. The calculus was completely removed with an antegrade guidewire. Mild postoperative ureteral stenosis resolved with a temporary ureteral stent without balloon dilation. Ureterolithotripsy is effective even in renal transplant recipients with ureteroureterostomy.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/55445

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2018271332

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPANDIDOS PUBL LTD  

Our group previously developed an adenoviral vector encoding the REIC/Dkk-3 gene (Ad-REIC), a tumor suppressor, for cancer gene therapy. The Ad-REIC agent induces apoptosis and inhibits invasion in a number of cancer cell lines; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. Cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN), is a key molecule that promotes cancer proliferation and invasion. In order to elucidate the therapeutic mechanism of Ad-REIC, its effect on the expression of CD147 in human bladder cancer KK47 cells was investigated. Treatment with Ad-REIC markedly downregulated the expression of CD147 and significantly inhibited cellular proliferation. Since the expression of CD147 is reported to be under the positive control of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and the c-Myc protein, the correlations between the expression of CD147 and the activation of MAPKs or the expression of c-Myc were examined. Unexpectedly, no positive correlation was observed between the level of CD147 and the potential regulators that were assessed, indicating that another signaling pathway is responsible for the downregulation of CD147. The results from the present study demonstrate that Ad-REIC treatment can significantly downregulate the expression of CD147 in bladder cancer cells. Downregulation of the cancer-progression factor CD147 may be a novel mechanism that underlies the therapeutic effects of Ad-REIC treatment.

DOI： 10.3892/ol.2017.6548

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

A 38-year-old woman with a 2.7-cm left ureteral stenosis requiring chronic ureteral stent exchange elected to undergo robotic renal autotransplantation. Left ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) was also suspected. Robotic donor nephrectomy contributed to the fine dissection for desmoplastic changes. The kidney was removed through a Gelport and examined on ice. UPJO was not seen. An end-to-side robotic anastomosis was created between the renal and external iliac vessels. The console time was 507 min, and the warm ischemia time was 4 min 5 sec. She became stent-free. Robotic renal autotransplantation is a new, minimally invasive approach to renal preservation.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/55313

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2018212384

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Objectives: Sexually transmitted infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) are a worldwide public health problem. The aim of this study was to investigate the drug susceptibilities of C. trachomatis strains isolated from the urethra and pharynx of Japanese males.
Methods: Urethral and pharyngeal swabs were collected between 2013 and 2014 from Japanese males with urethritis. Using a McCoy cell line, 18 chlamydial strains were isolated from urethra in 18 patients and 7 from the pharynx in 7 of the 18 patients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of levofloxacin (LVFX) and azithromycin (AZM) were measured using the standard method of the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy.
Results: The MICs of LVFX and AZM against urethral chlamydial strains were 0.125-0.5 mu g/mL and 0.125-0.25 mu g/mL, respectively. In pharyngeal strains, the MICs of LVFX and AZM were 0.125-0.25 mu g/mL and 0.125-0.25 mu g/mL, respectively. In 7 patients with chlamydial strains isolated from both the urethra and pharynx, the MICs of LVFX between these strains were identical in 3 of 6 patients (no growth was observed for one pharyngeal strain), while the MICs of AZM between these strains were identical in all 6 patients (not performed for one patient).
Conclusions: Our data suggest that C. trachomatis strains isolated from the urethra and pharynx of Japanese males are susceptible to LVFX and AZM. Although measuring the MICs of chlamydial strains is labor intensive, it is a significant surveillance tool for treating chlamydial infections and preventing the spread of STIs. (C) 2017 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2017.04.005

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Tokyo  

Background: Contrast-enhanced CT is necessary before donor nephrectomy and is usually combined with a Tc-99m-mercapto-acetyltriglycine (MAG3) scan to check split renal function (SRF). However, all transplant programs do not use MAG3 because of its high cost and exposure to radiation. We examined whether CT volumetry of the kidney can be a new tool for evaluating SRF. Methods: Sixty-three patients underwent live donor nephrectomy. Patients without a 1.0 mm slice CT or follow-up for &lt
12 months were excluded leaving 34 patients’ data being analyzed. SRF was measured by MAG3. Split renal volume (SRV) was calculated automatically using volume analyzer software. The correlation between SRF and SRV was examined. The association between the donor’s postoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and predicted eGFR calculated by MAG3 or CT volumetry was analyzed at 1, 3, and 12 months post nephrectomy. Results: Strong correlations were observed preoperatively in a Bland–Altman plot between SRF measured by MAG3 and either CT cortex or parenchymal volumetry. In addition, eGFR after donation correlated with SRF measured by MAG3 or CT volumetry. The correlation coefficients (R) for eGFR Mag3 split were 0.755, 0.615, and 0.763 at 1, 3 and 12 months, respectively. The corresponding R values for cortex volume split were 0.679, 0.638, and 0.747. Those for parenchymal volume split were 0.806, 0.592, and 0.764. Conclusion: Measuring kidney by CT volumetry is a cost-effective alternative to MAG3 for evaluating SRF and predicting postoperative donor renal function. Both cortex and parenchymal volumetry were similarly effective.

DOI： 10.1007/s10157-017-1454-1

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MOSBY-ELSEVIER  

Segmental arterial mediolysis (SAM) is an uncommon, nonarteriosclerotic vascular disease. SAM is characterized by lysis of arterial media and can lead to aneurysm formation. The renal arteries are the third most common arteries associated with SAM. We report the case of a 32-year-old man with left renal artery aneurysm associated with SAM. We successfully performed left renal autotransplantation using microscopic vascular reconstruction. SAM is characterized by vascular fragility; therefore, microscopic surgery is favorable for treating aneurysms associated with SAM.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.09.039

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

We elucidate the fate of cases clinically suspected of carcinoma in situ (Cis) of the upper tract with serial ureteroscopy. Of 143 patients who underwent ureteroscopy for suspected upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) between January 2008 and February 2016, 12 cases with consistently positive urine cytology and poorly detectable upper-tract malignancies by imaging were reviewed. In these 12 patients, 19 ureteroscopy procedures (25 renal units) were performed. Vesical random biopsy was performed before the 1st ureteroscopy to exclude malignancy of the bladder in all 12 cases. Median follow-up was 42 (13-67) months. Positive biopsy results at the 1st ureteroscopy were obtained in 3 (25%) patients and all were diagnosed wth Cis of the upper tract. Two (17%) of 9 patients who were negative or inconclusive at the 1st ureteroscopy were finally diagnosed as UTUC, but plural ureteroscopy procedures were needed for the diagnoses in both. Carcinoma of the bladder appeared in 5 (42%) patients during follow-up, despite the earlier ruling out of vesical malignancy. Four (33%) of those 5 patients never developed upper-tract urothelial carcinoma during follow-up. Caution is required before undertaking radical surgery for cases clinically suspected of Cis of the upper tract. In our experience, only 42% of such patients developed UTUC; another 33% eventually developed carcinoma of the bladder without UTUC.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/55205

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2018065400

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

We report the case of a 58-year-old Japanese man with bilateral synchronous renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The diameters of the right and left tumors were 56 and 69 mm, respectively. Both tumors were endophytic. Cryoablation with prophylactic embolization was performed for the left tumor, and 1 month later, a right open partial nephrectomy was performed. No recurrence was observed during a 16-month follow-up, and the serum creatinine level has been stable. The prognosis of bilateral synchronous RCC is better than that of dialysis patients. The novel approach of combining cryoablation and partial nephrectomy can achieve good cancer control and renal function in bilateral RCC.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/54989

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2018020781

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the penetration of fluoroquinolones into human epididymal tissue.
Methods: The penetration of levofloxacin (LVFX) 500 mg or sitafloxacin (STFX) 100 mg into epididymal tissue was examined. Patients with prostate cancer who were referred for orchiectomy were included. LVFX 500 mg (n = 9) or STFX 100 mg (n = 9) was administered orally 1 h before orchiectomy, and 0.5 g of epididymal tissue and blood samples were collected simultaneously during surgery. Drug concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and patient characteristics and adverse events were analyzed.
Results: The mean ratio of the epididymal concentration to the serum concentration was 1.48 +/- 0.45 for LVFX and 1.54 +/- 0.81 for STFX. For LVFX, the simulated curves estimated the following: maximum concentrations (Cmax) of 8.84 mu g/ml in serum and 14.1 mu g/g in epididymal tissue and area under the concentration-time curve for 24 h (AUC(24)) of 68.5 mu g h/ml in serum and 108.9 mu g h/g in epididymal tissue. For STFX, the Cmax was 1.22 mu g/ml in serum and 1.66 mu g/g in epididymal tissue, and the AUC24 was 9.58 mu g h/ml in serum and 13.1 mu g h/g in epididymal tissue. Neither treatment-related adverse events nor postoperative urogenital infections were observed.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that oral administration of LVFX 500 mg or STFX 100 mg achieves effective epididymal concentrations for treatment of epididymitis. (C) 2016 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.12.010

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：INT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, INC  

BACKGROUND Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch is a characteristic feature of post-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) hepatitis C. To investigate the importance of donor HLA-restricted immune cells in post-OLT hepatitis C recurrence, we analyzed the frequency of donor chimerism and the clinical course of post-OLT hepatitis C. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed peripheral blood chimerism in 11 HCV-reinfected patients with post-HLA mismatched OLT. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the OLT chronic hepatitis C (CHC) group (n=8), exhibiting active hepatitis C recurrence; and the OLT-persistently normal ALT (PNALT) group (n=3), without active hepatitis. Chimerism was analyzed by flow cytometry using donor-specific anti-HLA antibodies in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 1-100 days after OLT. Kidney (n=7) and lung (n=7) transplant recipients were also analyzed for comparison. As immune cells from the donor liver might contribute to post-OLT chimerism, the characteristics of perfusates from donor livers (n=10) were analyzed and defined. RESULTS Donor-derived cells were frequently observed in liver and lung transplant recipients. The frequency of donor-derived cells from the B cell subset was significantly higher in peripheral blood from OLT-CHC group than in that of the OLT-PNALT group. B cells, however, were not the predominant subset in the perfusates, indicating that inflow of donor-derived cells alone did not cause the chimerism. CONCLUSIONS Chimerism of B cells is frequent in liver transplant patients with early recurrence of hepatitis C. We propose that monitoring of early chimerism could facilitate early detection of chronic hepatitis C recurrence, although we need more cases to investigate.

DOI： 10.12659/AOT.900494

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：IMPACT JOURNALS LLC  

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) management has undergone a major transformation over the past decade; immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical trials and show promising results. However, the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic RCC (mRCC) is still limited. Lycorine, an alkaloid extracted from plants of the Amaryllidaceae family, is touted as a potential anti-cancer drug because of its demonstrative growth inhibition capacity (induction of cell cycle arrest and inhibition of vasculogenic mimicry formation). Moreover, T cell checkpoint blockade therapy with antibodies targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) has improved outcomes in cancer patients. However, the anti-tumor efficacy of combined lycorine and anti-CTLA-4 therapy remains unknown. Thus, we investigated a combination therapy of lycorine hydrochloride and anti-CTLA-4 using a murine RCC model. As a means of in vitro confirmation, we found that lycorine hydrochloride inhibited the viability of various RCC cell lines. Furthermore, luciferase-expressing Renca cells were implanted in the left kidney and the lung of BALB/c mice to develop a RCC metastatic mouse model. Lycorine hydrochloride and anti-CTLA-4 synergistically decreased tumor weight, lung metastasis, and luciferin-staining in tumor images. Importantly, the observed anti-tumor effects of this combination were dependent on significantly suppressing regulatory T cells while upregulating effector T cells; a decrease in regulatory T cells by 31.43% but an increase in effector T cells by 31.59% were observed in the combination group compared with those in the control group). We suggest that a combination of lycorine hydrochloride and anti-CTLA-4 is a viable therapeutic option for RCC patients.

DOI： 10.18632/oncotarget.15505

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OXFORD UNIV PRESS  

BACKGROUND: Fluoroquinolone-non-susceptible Escherichia coli isolated from patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis are a matter of increasing concern. Cefditoren pivoxil is an oral, β-lactamase-stable, extended-spectrum cephalosporin that is effective against fluoroquinolone-non-susceptible bacteria. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacies of cefditoren pivoxil against acute uncomplicated cystitis and to determine the optimal duration of cefditoren pivoxil treatment. METHODS: We compared 3 and 7 day regimens of cefditoren pivoxil in a multicentre, randomized, open-label study. RESULTS: A total of 104 female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis were enrolled and randomized into 3 day (n = 51) or 7 day (n = 53) treatment groups. At first visit, 94 bacterial strains were isolated from the 104 participants of which 81.7% (85/104) were E. coli. Clinical and microbiological efficacies were evaluated 5-9 days following administration of the final dose of cefditoren pivoxil. The clinical efficacies of the 3 and 7 day groups were 90.9% (40/44) and 93.2% (41/44), respectively (P = 1.000). The microbiological efficacies of the 3 and 7 day groups were 82.5% (33/40) and 90.2% (37/41), respectively (P = 0.349). There were no adverse events due to cefditoren pivoxil treatment, with the exception of a mild allergic reaction in one patient, after which the cefditoren pivoxil was exchanged for another antimicrobial. CONCLUSIONS: Cefditoren pivoxil is safe and effective for uncomplicated cystitis, with no significant differences in clinical and microbiological efficacies between 3 and 7 day regimens.

DOI： 10.1093/jac/dkw424

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

Urethral diverticular clear cell adenocarcinoma in a female patient is extremely rare. This tumor sometimes displays a characteristic image on magnetic resonance imaging, surrounding the urethra like the prostate does in men. We report a patient with this tumor who underwent cystourethrectomy and ileal conduit diversion. We think that imaging studies could be useful to make the appropriate diagnosis. UROLOGY 99: e25-e26, 2017. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.urology.2016.10.021

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the safety and diagnostic yield of needle biopsy of small renal tumors, and the clinical consequences of performing needle biopsy in patients referred for percutaneous cryoablation before their treatment.
Material and methods: Biopsy was performed for 120 tumors (mean diameter, 2.2 cm) in 119 patients. All procedures were divided into diagnostic and non-diagnostic biopsies. Various variables were compared between the two groups. All cryoablation procedures were divided into two groups: procedures with or without simultaneous biopsy. The rates of benign or non-diagnostic tumors in each group were compared.
Results: After performing 120 initial and eight repeat biopsies, Grade 1 bleedings occurred in 44 cases. Six tumors were non-diagnostic and 114 were pathologically diagnosed. There were no significant variables between the diagnostic and non-diagnostic biopsies. Unnecessary cryoablation was avoided in nine benign lesions by performing biopsy in advance. Cryoablation performed simultaneously with biopsy included significantly more benign or non-diagnostic tumors than cryoablation performed after biopsy (15.2% vs. 1.4%; p =.01).
Conclusions: Percutaneous biopsy of small renal tumors referred for cryoablation was a safe procedure with high diagnostic yield. The confirmation of pathological diagnosis prior to cryoablation is necessary because patients with benign tumors can avoid unnecessary treatment.

DOI： 10.1080/13645706.2016.1249889

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

As the First-In-Human study of in situ gene therapy using an adenovirus vector carrying the human REIC (reduced expression in immortalized cell)/Dkk-3 gene (Ad-REIC), we conducted neoadjuvant intraprostatic injections in patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Patients with recurrence probability of 35% or more within 5 years following RP, as calculated by Kaftan's nomogram, were enrolled. Patients received two ultrasound-guided intratumoral injections at 2-week intervals, followed by RP 6 weeks after the second injection. After confirming the safety of the therapeutic interventions with initially planned three escalating doses of 1.0 x 10(10), 1.0 x 10(11) and 1.0 x 10(12) viral particles (vp) in 1.0-1.2 ml (n=3, 3 and 6), an additional higher dose of 3.0 x 10(12) vp in 3.6 ml (n=6) Was further studied. All four DLs including the additional dose level-4 (DL-4) were feasible with no adverse events, except for grade 1 or 2 transient fever. Laboratory toxicities were grade 1 or 2 elevated aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (n=4). Regarding antitumor activities, cytopathic effects (tumor degeneration With cytolysis and pyknosis) and remarkable tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the targeted tumor areas were detected in a clear dose-dependent manner. Consequently, biochemical recurrence-free survival in DL-4 was significantly more favorable than in patient groups DL-1+2+2:

DOI： 10.1038/cgt.2016.53

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

Although graft survival following renal transplantation (RTx) has improved, outcomes following highrisk RTx are variable. Preexisting antibodies, including donor-specific antibodies (DSA), play an important role in graft dysfunction and survival. We have designed a study to investigate the safety and efficacy of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (rituximab) in high-risk RTx recipients. Major eligibility criteria include: 1) major and minor ABO blood group mismatch, 2) positive DSA. Thirty-five patients will receive 200 mg/body of rituximab. The primary endpoint is the incidence of B cell depletion. This study will clarify whether rituximab is efficacious in improving graft survival in high-risk RTx recipients.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/54507

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

OBJECTIVES: We analyzed bacterial strains isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections (UTI) at Okayama University Hospital over a 30-year period to characterize trends in species and antimicrobial susceptibilities. METHODS: Clinical isolates were collected from in- and out-patients with pyuria and bacteriuria who were treated between 1984 and 2014 (one episode per patient and plural isolates were counted in polymicrobial infection). We examined these isolates to identify pathogens and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. RESULTS: Isolates from complicated UTI over a 30-year period revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) was the most frequently isolated in the first decade (1984-1994), MRSA in the second decade (1995-2004), and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the latest decade (2005-2014). In uncomplicated UTI examined over 20 years, E. coli was the most frequently isolated species accounting for 47-94% of isolates. Fluoroquinolone (FQs)-insusceptible E. coli were first isolated in 1994 and increased to about 35% in 2013 in patients with complicated UTI. CONCLUSIONS: Complicated UTI involving P. aeruginosa and MRSA decreased over the last 10 years. Our data suggest that several factors such as shorter hospitalizations, shorter indwelling catheter use, and appropriate antimicrobial use has decreased colonization of P. aeruginosa and MRSA with relative increases in isolation of E. coli including FQs-insusceptible strains. We must continue our surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from urine samples and evaluate antibiograms, since their persistence in the urinary tract would be problematic.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.04.004

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

The present case report describes a case of recurrent and advanced urachal carcinoma including neuroendocrine features with iliac bone metastasis after partial cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of irinotecan and cisplatin in a 32-year-old man. He received gemcitabine/cisplatin/paclitaxel (GCP) combination chemotherapy, consisting of gemcitabin (1,000mg/m(2)) on day 1, 8, cisplatin (70mg/m(2)) on day 1, and paclitaxel (80mg/m(2)) on day 1 and 8. After three cycles of chemotherapy, PET-CT showed complete regression of the disease. So the patient underwent total cystoure-threctomy, and histological examination showed an almost complete pathological response. External beam radiation therapy was also given to the ileac bone metastasis regions. However, PET-CT taken 17 months after the external beam radiation showed multiple lung metastases. He received GCP chemotherapy again, which resulted in a complete response again after three cycles of chemotherapy. This is the first report on GCP chemotherapy used not only as a salvage chemotherapy but also as a rechallenge regimen for metastatic urachal cancer including a neuroendocrine component.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/54423

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

Upper urinary tract calculi are common; however, there is no recommended treatment selection for elderly patients. Ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy (URS lithotripsy) is minimally invasive, and it provides a high stone-free rate (SFR) treatment for upper urinary tract calculi. Here, we retrospectively evaluated the surgical outcomes of URS lithotripsy after dividing the 189 cases into 3 groups by patient age: the '&lt; 65 group' (&lt; 65 years old, n=108), the '65-74 group' (65-74 years old, n=42), and the '&gt;= 75 group' (&gt;= 75 years old, n=39). The patients 'characteristics, stone status, and perioperative outcomes were assessed. The 65-74 group and the &gt;= 75 group had a significantly higher prevalence of hypertension compared to the &lt; 65 group. Compared to the &lt; 65 group, the 65-74 group had a significantly higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia, and the &gt;= 75 group had significantly higher the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores. Despite these preoperative risk factors, SFR and postoperative pyelonephritis in the 65-74 group and the &gt;= 75 group were similar to those of the &lt; 65 group. In conclusion, URS lithotripsy is the preferred treatment for upper urinary tract calculi, even for elderly patients who have multiple preoperative risk factors.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/54414

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

An adenovirus vector carrying the human Reduced Expression in Immortalized Cell (REIC)/Dkk-3 gene (Ad-REIC) mediates simultaneous induction of cancer-selective apoptosis and augmentation of anticancer immunity. In our preclinical and clinical studies, in situ Ad-REIC gene therapy showed remarkable direct and indirect antitumor effects to realize therapeutic cancer vaccines. We herein aimed to confirm the induction of tumor-associated antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by Ad-REIC. Using an ovalbumin (OVA), a tumor-associated antigen, expressing E.G7 tumor-bearing mouse model, we investigated the induction and expansion of OVA-specific CTLs responsible for indirect, systemic effects of Ad-REIC. The intratumoral administration of Ad-REIC mediated clear antitumor effects with the accumulation of OVA-specific CTLs in the tumor tissues and spleen. The CD86-positive dendritic cells (DCs) were upregulated in the tumor draining lymph nodes of Ad-REIC-treated mice. In a dual tumor-bearing mouse model in the left and right back, Ad-REIC injection in one side significantly suppressed the tumor growth on both sides and significant infiltration of OVA-specific CTLs into non-injected tumor was also detected. Consequently, in situ Ad-REIC gene therapy is expected to realize a new-generation cancer vaccine via anticancer immune activation with DC and tumor antigen-specific CTL expansion.

DOI： 10.1038/gt.2016.7

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

In minimally invasive partial nephrectomy (MIPN), it is important to preoperatively predict the degree of difficulty of tumor resection. When severe adhesions occur between the renal capsule and perinephric adipose tissue, detachment can be difficult. Preoperative prediction of adhesion is thought to be useful in the selection of surgical procedure. Subjects were 63 patients of a single surgeon who had received MIPN between April 2008 and August 2013 at Okayama University Hospital. Of these patients, this study followed 47 in whom the presence or absence of adhesions between the renal capsule and perinephric adipose tissue was confirmed using intraoperative videos. Data collected included: sex, BMI, CT finding (presence of fibroids in perinephric adipose tissue), comorbidities and lifestyle. Adhesion was observed in 7 patients (14.9). The mean operative time was 291.6min in the adhesion group, and 226.3min in the group without. The increased time in the adhesions group was significant (p&lt;0.05). Predictive factors were a positive CT finding for fibroid structure and comorbidity of hypertension (p&lt;0.05). In MIPN, difficulty of surgery can be affected by the presence of adhesion of the perinephric adipose tissue. Predicting such adhesion from preoperative CT is thus important.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/54185

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.11.007

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

In a phase I/IIa study of in situ gene therapy using an adenovirus vector carrying the human REIC/Dkk-3 gene (Ad-REIC), we assessed the inhibitory effects of cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP), in patients with high risk localized prostate cancer (PCa). After completing the therapeutic interventions with initially planned three escalating doses of 1.0 × 10(10) , 1.0 × 10(11) , and 1.0 × 10(12) viral particles (VP) in 1.0-1.2 mL (n = 3, 3, and 6), an additional higher dose of 3.0 × 10(12) VP in 3.6 mL (n = 6) was further studied. Patients with recurrence probability of 35% or more within 5 years after RP as calculated by Kattan's nomogram, were enrolled. They received two ultrasound-guided intratumoral injections at 2-week intervals, followed by RP 6 weeks after the second injection. Based on the findings of MRI and biopsy mapping, as a rule, one track injection to the most prominent cancer area was given to initial 12 patients and 3 track injections to multiple cancer areas in additional 6 patients. As compared to the former group, biochemical recurrence-free survival of the latter showed a significantly favorable outcome. Neoadjuvant Ad-REIC, mediating simultaneous induction of cancer selective apoptosis and augmentation of antitumor immunity, is a feasible approach in preventing cancer recurrence after RP. (199).

DOI： 10.1111/cts.12362

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

PURPOSE: Urinary incontinence is one of the major prostate cancer treatment-related morbidities. We review our initial robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) experience, focusing on post-surgery continence rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two-hundred and thirty-three consecutive patients were identified from a prospectively maintained RALP database. A bladder neck sparing dissection was preferentially performed during transperitoneal RALP. On postoperative day 5 or 6 (clinic logistics), the urethral catheter was removed following a normal cystogram. RESULTS: Median operative time was 190 minutes and estimated blood loss was 75 mL. Three (1.3%) patients required bladder neck reconstruction, while 198 (85.0%) had bilateral, 20 (8.6%) had unilateral and 15 (6.4%) did not undergo nerve sparing prostatectomy. One-hundred and ninety-nine (85.4%) patients had negative surgical margins. Median hospitalization and urethral catheter duration were 1.0 and 5.0 days, respectively. At six weeks, a median 1.0 pad per day usage was reported and mean AUASS and QoL were significantly improved from baseline (p < 0.05). Of the 220 patients having a minimum three-month follow-up, 152 (69.1%) achieved urinary continence without pads. Age, AUASS, QoL, prostate volume and prior TUR surgery independently had significant impact on early continence rate (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A bladder neck sparing dissection allows for early return of urinary continence following RALP without compromising cancer control.

DOI： 10.3109/13645706.2015.1027711

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

UNLABELLED: The term nanobacteria, sometimes referred to as nanobacteria-like particles (NLPs), is presently recognized as a misnomer for inert calcified nanoparticles. However, misinterpretation of its propagation as a living organism still continues. Ultrastructural and elemental analyses, combining immuno-electron microscopy with an original NLP isolate (P-17) derived from urinary stones, and an IgM monoclonal antibody (CL-15) raised against P-17 have now revealed that, oxidized lipids with acidified functional groups were key elements in NLP propagation. Lamellar structures composed of acidic/oxidized lipids provided structural scaffolds for carbonate apatite crystals. During in vitro culture, lipid peroxidation induced by γ-irradiation of FBS was a major cause of accelerated NLP propagation. In pathological tissue samples from hyperlipidemic atherosclerosis-prone mice, CL-15 co-localized with fatty plaques, macrophage infiltrates and osteocalcin staining of aortic valve lesions. These observations indicate that naturally occurring NLP composed of mineralo-oxidized lipids complexes are generated as by-products rather than etiological agents of chronic inflammation. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: The term "nanobacteria-like particles (NLPs)" is presently recognized as a misnomer for inert calcified nanoparticles as opposed to living organisms. This study convincingly demonstrates that naturally occurring NLPs composed of mineralo-oxidized lipid complexes are generated as by-products rather than etiological agents of chronic inflammation.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nano.2013.08.010

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

The purpose of this study was to compare the positive surgical margin (PSM) rates of 2 techniques of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for pT2 (localized) prostate cancer. A retrospective analysis was conducted of 361 RARP cases, performed from May 2005 to September 2008 by a single surgeon (KHR) at our institution (Yonsei University College of Medicine). In the conventional technique, the bladder neck was transected first. In the modified ultradissection, the lateral border of the bladder neck was dissected and then the bladder neck was transected while the detrusor muscle of the bladder was well visualized. Perioperative characteristics and outcomes and PSM rates were analyzed retrospectively for pT2 patients (n＝217), focusing on a comparison of those undergoing conventional (n＝113) and modified ultradissection (n＝104) techniques. There was no difference between the conventional and modified ultradissection group in mean age, BMI, PSA, prostate volume, biopsy Gleason score, and D'Amico prognostic criteria distributions. The mean operative time was shorter (p＜0.001) and the estimated blood loss was less (p＜0.01) in the modified ultradissection group. The PSM rate for the bladder neck was significantly reduced by modified ultradissection, from 6.2% to 0% (p＜0.05). In conclusion, modified ultradissection reduces the PSM rate for the bladder neck.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/52142

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014376397

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

We report 3 patients with the rare complication of an indwelling urethral catheter misdirected into the ureter. This is the largest series to date. Patients were referred to us for a variety of reasons following exchange of their chronic indwelling urinary catheters. CT in all cases demonstrated the urinary catheters residing in the left ureter. The ages of the patients were 37, 67 and 81 years old. All patients suffered from neurogenic bladder. Two patients were female, one was male, and 2 of the 3 had a sensory disorder inhibiting their pain response. The catheters were replaced with open-end Foley catheters. Extensive follow-up CT scans were obtained in one case, demonstrating improvement of hydronephrosis and no evidence of ureteral stenosis. Cystoscopy in this patient demonstrated normally positioned and functioning ureteral orifices. Although the placement of an indwelling urethral catheter is a comparatively safe procedure, one must keep in mind that this complication can occur, particularly in female patients with neurogenic bladder. CT without contrast is a noninvasive, definitive diagnostic tool.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/52144

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014376399

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

A crossover study was conducted to identify the best α1-adrenoceptor (α1AR) antagonist for individual patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). One hundred thirteen patients (mean age 70.8 years) were enrolled. All patients met BPH clinical study guidelines. Seven agents were utilized:tamsulosin 0.2mg, silodosin 8mg, urapidil 60mg, naftopidil 50mg, prazosin 1mg, terazosin 2mg, and doxazosin 1mg. Patients were initially prescribed tamsulosin or silodosin for a week and then urapidil for a week. Two weeks later, they were prescribed the better of the 2 agents for a week and a new agent for the next week. This cycle was repeated until all 7 agents were tested. Efficacy was evaluated with the International Prostate Symptom Score. The agent rankings were doxazosin (25 [22%]), silodosin (22 [19%]), urapidil (19 [17%]), naftopidil (17 [15%]), terazosin (12 [11%]), tamsulosin (11 [10%]), prazosin (7 [6%]). Only 12 patients (11%) changed agents after the crossover study was completed. The major reason was adverse events (83%). We found that each of the 7 α1AR antagonists has its own supporters. Further, the one-week crossover study was useful in identifying the best agent for the treatment of each individual with LUTS.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/51069

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014082878

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: To describe the frequency of and to determine predictive factors associated with Radiation Therapy Oncology Group urinary toxicity in prostate brachytherapy patients. METHODS: From January 2004 to April 2011, 466 consecutive Japanese patients underwent permanent iodine-125-seed brachytherapy (median follow up 48 months). International Prostate Symptom Score and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity data were prospectively collected. Prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score before and after brachytherapy, and postimplant analysis were examined for an association with urinary toxicity, defined as Radiation Therapy Oncology Group urinary toxicity of Grade 1 or higher. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the factors associated with urinary toxicity. RESULTS: The rate of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group urinary toxicity grade 1 or higher at 1, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months was 67%, 40%, 21%, 31%, 27% and 28%, respectively. Grade 2 or higher urinary toxicity was less than 1% at each time-point. International Prostate Symptom Score was highest at 3 months and returned to normal 12 months after brachytherapy. On univariate analysis, patients with a larger prostate size, greater baseline International Prostate Symptom Score, higher prostate V100, higher prostate V150, higher prostate D90 and a greater number of seeds had more acute urinary toxicities at 1 month and 12 months after brachytherapy. On multivariate analysis, significant predictors for urinary toxicity at 1 month and 12 months were a greater baseline International Prostate Symptom Score and prostate V100. CONCLUSIONS: Most urinary symptoms are tolerated and resolved within 12 months after prostate brachytherapy. Acute and late urinary toxicity after brachytherapy is strongly related to the baseline International Prostate Symptom Score and prostate V100.

DOI： 10.1111/iju.12050

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：The Japan Endocrine Society  

Gender identity disorder (GID) results from a disagreement between a person's biological sex and the gender to which he or she identifies. With respect to the treatment of female to male GID, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is available. The uric acid (UA) level can be influenced by testosterone; however, the early effects and dose-dependency of TRT on the serum UA concentration have not been evaluated in this population. We herein conducted a dose-response analysis of TRT in 160 patients with female to male GID. The TRT consisted of three treatment groups who received intramuscular injections of testosterone enanthate: 125 mg every two weeks, 250 mg every three weeks and 250 mg every two weeks. Consequently, serum UA elevation was observed after three months of TRT and there was a tendency toward testosterone dose-dependency. The onset of hyperuricemia was more prevalent in the group who received the higher dose. We also demonstrated a positive correlation between increased levels of serum UA and serum creatinine. Since the level of serum creatinine represents an individual's muscle volume and the muscle is a major source of purine, which induces UA upregulation, the serum UA elevation observed during TRT is at least partially attributed to an increase in muscle mass. This is the first study showing an association between serum UA elevation and a TRT-induced increase in muscle mass. The current study provides important information regarding TRT for the follow-up and management of the serum UA levels in GID patients.

DOI： 10.1507/endocrj.EJ13-0203

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014187638

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

OBJECTIVES: The traditional surgical approach for removing a urachal remnant is via a large transverse or midline infraumbilical incision. We review our experience with laparoscopic urachal cyst excision and report the efficacy and outcomes of this approach as a less morbid, minimally invasive alternative. METHODS: Between August 2005 and March 2009, eight patients with a mean age of 26 years who had symptomatic urachal cysts underwent laparoscopic radical excision of the urachal remnant. Using three ports, the urachal remnant was dissected from the umbilicus to the bladder dome and then removed intact via the umbilicus. Umbilicoplasty was performed by a plastic surgeon. We retrospectively reviewed the perioperative records to assess morbidity and outcomes. RESULTS: All eight operations were completed successfully. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported at a mean follow-up of 3.2 years. Mean operative time was 147.5 min including umbilicoplasty. Pathological evaluation confirmed a benign urachal remnant in each case. There have been no recurrences of symptoms nor postoperative complications during follow-up. Mean time to full recovery, defined as return to normal life without pain, was 16 days. The patients with bladder cuff resection had a delayed full convalescence (25 vs. 13 days) due to a minimum degree of dysuria. CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach with the removal of urachal remnants via the umbilicus appears to be a safe and effective alternative with better cosmesis when compared to an open approach.

DOI： 10.1007/s00345-012-0829-x

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：MARY ANN LIEBERT INC  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：MARY ANN LIEBERT INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

AIM: To evaluate the impact of pathological review by pathologist with genitourinary expertise (PGU) on treatment modality of localized prostate cancer, we analyzed Gleason grade (GG) migration and the final treatment decision in a cohort of patients designated for permanent prostate brachytherapy (PPB). METHODS: From February 2005 to July 2010, a total of 247 patients with localized prostate cancer diagnosed by local community hospitals were referred to our hospital for PPB monotheray. All pathologic slides of prostate biopsies were reviewed by a single PGU. Patients ultimately selected their treatment modality from our recommendations based on the review. Indication for PPB monotherapy was the NCCN classification of patients as good or intermediate risk. In addition, patient with Primary GG 4 was regarded as unadapted case. RESULTS: Six cases were reinterpreted as no cancer (2.4%). GG change occurred in 94 cases (38.1%) of which 77 (81.9%) were upgraded and 17 (18.1%) downgraded. Of the total 247 patients, 86 (34.8%) changed therapies and 30 (12.1%) did so based on the pathologic slide review. CONCLUSIONS: Pathological review of biopsy specimens is mandatory for the determination of treatment modality especially in candidates for monotherapy of permanent prostate brachytherapy.

DOI： 10.1007/s00345-011-0738-4

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

Polypropylene mesh implants for the correction of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are now available in Japan. We developed an innovative approach for correcting POP by placing polypropylene mesh transvaginally with laparoscopic assistance. From June 2007 through March 2010, sixteen consecutive patients with symptomatic stage 2 or 3 pelvic organ prolapse underwent the laparoscopic-assisted tension-free vaginal mesh procedure at Okayama University Hospital. All patients were evaluated before and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Female sexual function was also evaluated with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The procedure was performed successfully without significant complications. Fifteen of 16 patients were considered anatomically cured (93.8%) at 12 months postoperatively. One patient with a recurrent stage 3 vaginal vault prolapse required sacral colpopexy six months postoperatively. Total FSFI scores improved significantly from 10.3 ± 1.3 at baseline to 18.0 ± 1.2 at 12 months after surgery. The laparoscopic-assisted trans-vaginal mesh is a safe, effective, and simple procedure for POP repairs. The procedure not only restores anatomic relationships but also improves sexual function.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/48078

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the short and long term safety and efficacy of ureteroscopic evaluation and management of chronic unilateral hematuria. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed patients with chronic unilateral hematuria from 1987 to 2008. The distal to middle ureter was evaluated with a semi-rigid ureteroscope without a guidewire. Subsequently, the flexible ureteroscope was advanced into the upper ureter to the renal pelvis using a low-pressure automated irrigant system (Uromat™). Lesions identified ureteroscopically were treated with diathermy fulguration. RESULTS: One hundred and four (56 male, 48 female) patients were identified, with a median age of 37 (14-80) years and median follow-up of 139 (34-277) months. The median preoperative duration of gross hematuria was 5 (1-144) months. Endoscopic findings included 61 (56%) minute venous rupture (MVR; a venous bleeding without clear abnormalities), 21 (20%) hemangioma (vascular tumor-like structure), 3 (3%) varix (tortuous vein), 1 (1%) calculus and 18 (17%) no lesions. The incidence of "no lesions" was less in the recent 12 years (9%) than the first 10 years (27%), while the incidence of MVR increased from 40 to 66% (p<0.05). All patients were treated endoscopically. Immediate success rate was 96% (100% in the recent 12 years). Long-term recurrent gross hematuria rate was 7%. Six resolved spontaneously and only 1 required ureteroscopy, revealing a different bleeding site. CONCLUSION: Ureteroscopy and diathermy fulguration is highly useful for evaluation and treatment of chronic unilateral hematuria. Sophisticated technique and improved instrumentation contributes to a better outcome.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0036729

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：MARY ANN LIEBERT INC  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

OBJECTIVE: • To explore whether levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in expressed prostatic secretions (EPS) are correlated with symptom severity in chronic prostatitis (CP) and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: • All patients with CP/CPPS underwent a complete history and physical examination, and were scored according to the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI). • Expressed prostatic secretion samples from 20 patients with CP/CPPS and from four asymptomatic control patients were collected and frozen, and NGF levels in EPS were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. • Patients were asked to complete NIH-CPSI questionnaires at baseline and 8 weeks after treatment and patients with at least a 25% decrease in total NIH-CPSI score from the baseline values were classified as responders to treatment. RESULTS: • The mean (± sd) NGF levels in EPS of patients with CP/CPPS and asymptomatic control patients were 7409 (± 3788) pg/mL and 4174 (± 1349) pg/mL, respectively. The NGF level in patients with CP/CPPS correlated directly with pain severity (P= 0.014, r= 0.541). • There were no significant differences between NGF levels in EPS before and after treatment. However, successful treatment significantly decreased NGF levels in responders (P= 0.001). CONCLUSION: • Nerve growth factor might contribute to the pathophysiology of CP/CPPS as changes in NGF level in EPS occurred in proportion to pain severity. Therefore, these results suggest that NGF could be used as a new biomarker to evaluate the symptoms of CP/CPPS and the effects of treatment.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09716.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY  

OBJECTIVES: To report our experimental results on detection and isolation of nanobacteria-like particles (NLP) from urinary stone samples. METHODS: From March 2001 to August 2003, 47 urinary stone samples from Japanese patients and 18 from Paraguayan patients were collected and used for compositional analysis, direct survey of NLP by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their cultural isolation. For the isolation, culturing was carried out using strict aseptic techniques. Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium with 10% gamma-irradiated fetal bovine serum was used based on the original method described by Kajander and Ciftçioglu. RESULTS: Positive NLP detection rates for Japanese and Paraguayan patient samples were 61.7% (29/47) and 66.7% (12/18), respectively. Positive NLP isolation rates for Japanese patient samples were 20.6% (7/34) and 20.0% (2/10) for Paraguayan patient samples. In the initial isolation, markedly different periods of incubation time were needed for each of the nine cases (6-220 days; median 36 days). Positive detection and isolation were obtained in stone samples with or without calcium phosphate. Growth modes and morphogenesis of NLP were divided into two phases; rod-shaped NLP was detected mainly as a floating form growing in culture medium and spherical NLP with a characteristic apatite shell was detected as an attached form growing on the surface of culture dishes. CONCLUSIONS: Lifeless calcifying nanoparticles can be isolated from various human urinary stones, cultured in cell culture mediums and show two characteristic growth phases.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2011.02763.x

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

DOI： 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.1894

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

DOI： 10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.1240

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DOI： 10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.846

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DOI： 10.1016/j.juro.2010.02.1250

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC  

We have carried out over 360 cases of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RARP) to date. In the present study, we detail our current technique at Yonsei University College of Medicine. The six-port transperitoneal approach is utilized. The most lateral two ports were placed medially and caudally in patients with a small pelvis to avoid interference between the ports and the pelvis (modified port configuration). Lymph node dissection is carried out in the external iliac, obturator and infraobturator area. The dissection on the lateral border of the bladder neck is carried out until it reaches the seminal vesicle (ultradissection). After transection of the bladder neck, vasa seminal vesicles are dissected further. Neurovascular bundles are preserved in selected patients. The dorsal venous complex (DVC) and the urethra are transected without suturing. Urethrovesical anastomosis is carried out with 3-0 monocryl running suture, incorporating with the edge of DVC. The puboprostatic collar and bladder are incorporated by 3-0 monocryl running suture (puboperineoplasty). Between November 2007 and September 2008, RARP was carried out using this technique in 182 patients. Median height, weight, body mass index and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were 168 cm, 68 kg, 24 kg/M(2) and 7.1 ng/mL, respectively. Mean operative time was 192 min and average blood loss was 250 mL. Median catheterization time was 8 days. Positive surgical margin rates for pT2, pT3 and pT4 disease was 12.7, 48 and 100%, respectively. Intraoperative complication rate was 2.7%. Fifty-five patients completed a minimum of 10 months follow up. Their continence rate was 91%. RARP is a safe and feasible surgical modality for prostate cancer among Asian patients with a small pelvis. Our technique achieves a precise bladder neck dissection.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2010.02480.x

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

INTRODUCTION: We analyze patient-physician dialogue prior to radical cystectomy (RC) when choosing the type of urinary diversion (UD). METHODS: 132 patients operated by one surgical team between 2003 and 2005 were included. Physician's recommendation, patient's decision and UD (neobladder (NB) or ileal conduit (IC)) performed were analyzed. Patients were grouped based on age, considering that age is often a limiting factor for NB. RESULTS: When offered either NB or IC, 85% (49/58) in group I (<70 years) and 55% (12/22) in group II (> or =70 years) elected NB. An IC was suggested for 16% (11/69) in group I and 65% (41/63) in group II. Six patients (2 in group I, 4 in group II) wanted a NB even though an IC was suggested. CONCLUSIONS: Counseling patients is important. When an IC was suggested, over 80% accepted this advice. When both were offered, younger patients usually elected a NB. Older patients preferred an IC.

DOI： 10.1159/000273464

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DOI： 10.1016/S0022-5347(09)61279-9

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Okayama University Medical School  

<p>We previously reported the effectiveness of loxoprofen sodium (loxoprofen), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) complaining of nocturia. In this study, we explored the mechanism of loxoprofen in the treatment of nocturia. Fifty-six patients complaining of nocturia were enrolled. They took a single 60-mg tablet of loxoprofen at bedtime for 14 days. The effects of this treatment were assessed by bladder diaries. Nocturia improved (nocturia decreased ≥1 void/night) in 40 patients (71.4%). Nocturnal urine volume was reduced in 31 of 40 (77.5%) without nocturnal single-void volume increase. Nocturnal single-void volume increased in 4 of 40 (10.0%) without nocturnal urine volume reduction. Two of 40 (5.0%) demonstrated both nocturnal urine volume reduction and nocturnal single-void volume increase. Three (7.5%) were exceptions to the above. In conclusion, the main mechanism of loxoprofen is the reduction of nocturnal urine volume for the treatment of nocturia and the second mechanism is the increased bladder capacity.</p>

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/30949

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2009175789

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MARY ANN LIEBERT INC  

PURPOSE: We evaluated our initial experience with the GreenLight HPS laser, a technologically improved version of the potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser for PVP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transurethral PVP was performed using a GreenLight HPS side-firing laser system. Patients had American Urological Association Symptom Score (AUASS), Quality of Life (QoL) score, Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) score, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), maximum flow rate (Qmax) and post void residual (PVR) determinations and volumetric prostate measurements with transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS). Laser and operative times and energy usage were recorded. AUASS, QoL, SHIM, Qmax and PVR were evaluated 1, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks post-surgery. Serum PSA and TRUS were obtained at 12 weeks and serum PSA was repeated at 52 weeks. RESULTS: Seventy consecutive patients with a median age of 67 (45-86) years underwent GreenLight HPS laser PVP from July 2006 through March 2008. Median prostate volume was 61.6 (20.9-263.0) mL with a median PSA of 1.4 (0.1 -10.1) ng/mL. Mean laser and operative times and energy usage were 13 (3-34) minutes, 30 (6-100) minutes and 85 (11-235) kJ, respectively. All were outpatient procedures with 49 (70%) patients catheter-free at discharge. No urethral strictures or urinary incontinence were noted. Median AUASS decreased from 22 to 8, 6, 5, 5, and 4 (p<0.001) while the median Qmax increased from 9.4 to 20.4, 20.3, 21.2, 18.8, and 20.0 mL/s (p<0.001) during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: At one year, our experience suggests that GreenLight HPS laser PVP is safe and effective for treating lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to BPH.

DOI： 10.1089/end.2008.9708

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：WILEY-LISS  

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the safety and efficacy of catheter-free LBO laser PVP for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: We prospectively evaluated our initial LBO laser PVP experience and the need for urethral catheterization. RESULTS: Seventy consecutive patients were identified. 49 (70%) were discharged without (C-) and 21 (30%) were discharged with (C+) a urethral catheter. There were no significant differences in pre-operative parameters, including age (C-: 65+/-10 vs. C+: 69+/-9 years), AUASS (C-: 22+/-6 vs. C+: 21+/-6), Qmax (C-: 10+/-4 vs. C+: 8+/-3 ml/second), PVR (C-: 62+/-105 vs. C+: 57+/-82 ml) and prostate volume (C-: 65+/-35 vs. C+: 86+/-53 ml). There were no significant differences in laser time and energy usage. AUASS, Qmax and PVR values showed significant improvement within each group (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the two groups. All were outpatient procedures. 2/70 (2.9%) patients required catheter reinsertion in C+. The overall incidence of adverse events was low and did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that catheter-free LBO laser PVP is safe and effective for the treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH.

DOI： 10.1002/lsm.20678

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：MARY ANN LIEBERT INC  

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser photoselective vaporization prostatectomy (PVP) is a relatively new technology for the management of lower urinary-tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We review our initial experience. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated our initial 12-month experience with 80 W KTP laser PVP. All had American Urological Association symptom score (AUASS), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) risk score, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA), maximum flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual (PVR) determinations and transrectal ultrasonography. RESULTS: There were 160 consecutive patients identified, with a mean age of 69.7 years (range 34-88 yrs) and a mean ASA score of 2.4 (range 1-4). The mean prostate volume was 72.3 cm(3) (range 20.3-261 cm(3)), with a mean PSA level of 2.2 ng/mL (range 0.1-17.9 ng/mL). Mean laser time and energy usage were 33.4 minutes (range 4-165 min) and 99.0 kJ (range 11.3-524 kJ), respectively. All were outpatient procedures with 96 (60%) patients catheter-free at discharge. Twenty-eight patients need catheter drainage for 1 week. Urinary-tract infections developed in 13 patients. Fourteen patients had clinically insignificant hematuria for more than 1 week. Bladder neck contractures that necessitated intervention developed in three patients. Three patients had persistent urinary retention. No urethral strictures or urinary incontinence were noted. Mean AUASS decreased significantly from 23 to 13, 9, 8, 7, and 6 (P < 0.05) at 1, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks, respectively. Qmax and PVR values also showed statistically significant improvement. CONCLUSION: Our initial results demonstrate that KTP laser PVP is safe and effective for the management of LUTS secondary to BPH.

DOI： 10.1089/end.2008.0140

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of placing a prophylactic drain during renal transplantation on the incidence of lymphocele, wound complication and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in renal transplant recipients induced with sirolimus vs calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), as sirolimus-based immunosuppression is a risk factor for the formation of fluid collections after transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analysed 165 consecutive adult renal transplant patients at our institution between January 2004 and February 2005. Group 1 (84) did not receive an intraoperative drain and group 2 (81) did. Recipients were analysed within each group based on immunosuppression (sirolimus or CNI) and whether they had wound complication, fluid collection, lymphocele treatment, or DVT. RESULTS: In group 1 and 2, respectively, the wound complication rate was 22.6% vs 13.6% (P = 0.134), the fluid collection rate 45.2% vs 16.% (P < 0.001), the lymphocele treatment rate 19.0% vs 2.5% (P = 0.001) the DVT rate 14.3% vs 4.9% (P = 0.043) the fluid collection rate (for CNI) 26.5% vs 16.0% (P = 0.246), the lymphocele treatment rate (for CNI) 5.9% vs 0% (P = 0.084), the fluid collection rate (sirolimus) 58.0% vs 16.1% (P < 0.001) and lymphocele treatment rate (sirolimus) 28% vs 6.5% (P = 0.018). Multivariate analysis of risk factors for fluid collection showed significance for no drain (odds ratio 3.30, P = 0.002), associated wound complication (2.41, P = 0.041) and sirolimus (2.48, P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS: Placing a drain during transplantation decreased the incidence of fluid collection, lymphocele treatment and DVT. The reduction of fluid collection and lymphocele were significant for patients treated with sirolimus. We recommend placing a drain in patients undergoing induction with sirolimus-based immunosuppression.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.07427.x

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担当区分：筆頭著者  

DOI： 10.1016/S0022-5347(08)60820-4

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: 5 Alpha-reductase inhibitors (5ARIs) reduce angiogenesis in benign prostatic tissue. This has been postulated to affect the efficiency of the potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser during photoselective vaporization prostatectomy (PVP), which has hemoglobin as its primary chromophore. We evaluate KTP laser PVP as treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in patients on long-term 5ARIs. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated our initial 12 month KTP laser PVP experience with patients without or with 5ARIs. Transurethral PVP was performed with the use of an 80W KTP side-firing laser system. Voiding trials were performed 2 hours after surgery. International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), maximum flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual (PVR) were measured preoperatively and at 1, 4, 12, 24, and 52 weeks after surgery. RESULTS: One hundred sixty consecutive patients were identified, of which 117 were not on a 5ARI and 43 were on either finasteride or dutasteride for at least 6 months. Mean prostate volumes were 72.8 +/- 49.5 cm3 and 70.8 +/- 49.1 cm3 (P = 0.39), respectively. There were no significant differences in the parameters of laser time (32.0 +/- 27.6 minutes and 37.0 +/- 36.2 minutes) and energy usage (97.4 +/- 91.6 kJ and 103.3 +/- 86.0 kJ). All were outpatient procedures with the majority of patients catheter-free at discharge. All patients were able to discontinue their prostate medications after surgery. IPSS, Qmax, and PVR values showed significant improvement within each group, but the degree of improvement between the 2 groups did not show statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Our experience suggests that 5ARIs do not have a detrimental effect on the efficiency and efficacy of KTP laser PVP.

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC  

OBJECTIVES: The stage of presentation of prostate cancer has changed dramatically in the past two decades, largely because of prostate-specific antigen screening and increased public awareness regarding the disease. Recently, strides have been made in the validation, development, and approval of bladder cancer (BC) markers. We sought to evaluate whether any stage migration has occurred for patients with BC during the same period. METHODS: A total of 351 and 1262 patients underwent radical cystectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy, respectively, between 1992 and 2005 by one surgeon. The patients were divided into two consecutive groups: group 1 (1992 to 1998) and group 2 (1999 to 2005). The baseline and pathologic characteristics of the patients were compared. RESULTS: No differences were found in the clinical or pathologic staging between the two groups of patients undergoing radical cystectomy. The 5-year overall and disease-specific survival also was not different between the two groups. For patients with prostate cancer, those in group 2 presented at a younger age, with a lower prostate-specific antigen level, and had a lower clinical stage. Group 2 patients had a decrease in the incidence of extracapsular extension, a decreased tumor volume, and a decrease in the incidence of Gleason 8 to 10 tumors. CONCLUSIONS: During two consecutive periods, our patients with prostate cancer presented with the cancer at an earlier stage and had more favorable pathologic features after radical retropubic prostatectomy. However, our patients with BC did not demonstrate any stage migration. Physicians need to be more aggressive in diagnosing BC, especially in patients at high risk of the disease. Risk factors must be emphasized, urine markers should be used in a screening strategy, and the indications for radical cystectomy should be liberalized.

DOI： 10.1016/j.urology.2006.10.016

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記述言語：英語  

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

BACKGROUND: Ischemia/reperfusion injury is an inherent consequence of solid organ transplantation that increases tissue inflammation and negatively impacts organ transplant function and survival. This study investigated the expression levels of chemokine and chemokine receptor genes in living versus cadaver donor renal allografts before and after reperfusion. METHODS: This study involved 39 renal transplant patients (19 cadaveric and 20 living donor). The ischemia biopsy was taken just before graft declamping and the reperfusion biopsy 30 min after declamping. Whole-cell RNA was isolated and chemokine (IL-8, CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10 and CCL5/RANTES) and chemokine receptor (CCR2 and CCR5) expression was tested by quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Just prior to declamping, ischemic cadaveric donor grafts had higher expression of CXCL10/IP-10 but not IL-8 or CCL2/MCP-1 than living donor grafts. IL-8 expression increased 50% from ischemia to reperfusion in living donor grafts but increased more than 13-fold during reperfusion of cadaver donor grafts. Increased total ischemia time induced greater IL-8 expression during reperfusion. MCP-1 expression also increased during reperfusion of living and cadaver donor grafts but differences were not observed between the two groups of grafts. RANTES, CCR2, and CCR5 expression did not change in ischemic vs. reperfusion biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of chemokines directing neutrophil and macrophage recruitment increases during reperfusion of living and cadaveric donor renal allografts. Expression levels of IL-8 correlate with the ischemic time imposed on the renal graft. Early tissue injury may be attenuated by strategies antagonizing chemokines directing the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages into kidney grafts.

DOI： 10.1097/01.tp.0000198736.69527.32

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM; defined as new insulin use and/or new hyperglycemia) in 528 kidney recipients using different immunosuppressive agents. METHODS: Maintenance therapy included mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine plus glucocorticoids in combination with Group I cyclosporine (263); Group II tacrolimus (60); or Group III sirolimus (205). RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 39.2 (range 9.0-103.8) months. Overall, the number of patients needing insulin was 7.4% (39/528). The incidences for Groups I, II, and III of 7.6%, 11.7%, and 5.9%, respectively, were not statistically different. Characteristics of patients with PTDM included older age (P=0.007); greater body weight (kg) at transplant, 6 months, and 12 months, respectively (P<0.001); greater BMI (kg/m2) at transplant, 6 months, and 12 months, respectively (P<0.001); more acute rejection episodes 28.2% vs. 13.5% (P=0.012); and increased incidence in African Americans (P=0.03). Multivariable analysis demonstrated increased risk for PTDM (defined as new insulin use) for tacrolimus, (hazard ratio [HR] 3.794, P=0.007); treated rejections (HR 2.491, P=0.0115); age (HR 1.407, P=0.0116); and BMI (HR 1.153, P<0.0001). New insulin use occurred sooner and with less total glucocorticoid dose for tacrolimus patients. If PTDM is defined as all cases of new hyperglycemia, then no immunosuppressive drug group demonstrated an increased risk. CONCLUSION.: The risk for developing PTDM is greatest among older recipients, and those obese at the time of transplant; those given steroid pulse therapy were at exceptionally high-risk. PTDM risk reduction should focus on weight loss in the obese end-stage renal disease population prior to transplant.

DOI： 10.1097/01.tp.0000195770.31960.18

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

PURPOSE: Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is an increasingly accepted modality for procuring donor kidneys for transplantation. We analyzed and compared the short and long-term outcomes of living transplant allografts from kidneys procured by laparoscopic or open donor (ODN) technique and managed with a single immunosuppression regimen in each group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of recipients who underwent living (laparoscopic or open) donor nephrectomy were reviewed from August 1999 to July 2001 for LDN and from January 1994 to December 1999 for ODN. Patients included were on a single immunosuppression regimen particular to each group. Sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone were given to the LDN group, and calcineurin inhibitor (FK-506 or cyclosporine), mycophenolate mofetil and prednisone were given to the ODN group. Excluded from study were patients with prior kidney transplant or patients not receiving immunosuppression as previously described. Also excluded from study were patients lost to followup before 1 year. Data were retrieved retrospectively from case notes or from the transplant database and analyzed using SAS software (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina). RESULTS: A total of 71 patients from the LDN group and 60 patients from the ODN group qualified for the study. Demographic data are comparable in both groups except for the significantly longer followup in the ODN group. Serum creatinine was 2.2 and 1.8 mg/dl at postoperative day 4, 1.3 and 1.3 mg/dl at day 10, and 1.3 and 1.4 mg/dl at 1 month in the LDN and ODN groups, respectively. Time to achieve nadir serum creatinine was 8.7 versus 6.6 days for LDN and ODN groups, respectively (p = not significant). Delayed graft function was noted in 5 of 71 (7%) in the LDN group and 3 of 60 (5%) in the ODN group (p = 0.5). In the LDN group 13 (18%) patients had a serum creatinine of greater than 1.5 mg/dl at postoperative day 30 compared to 6 (10%) in the ODN group (p = 0.06). Mean serum creatinine at 1 year was lower for LDN recipients (p = not significant). But at last followup this difference became statistically significant in favor of LDN. Mean followup was 939 versus 2,046 days for LDN versus ODN, respectively (p <0.0001). Recipient mean hospital stay was 5.2 versus 6.7 days for LDN versus ODN, respectively (p = 0.08). There were 8 of 78 (10.2%) episodes of acute rejection in the LDN group compared to 22% in the ODN group (p = 0.08). The complication rate (ureteral vascular, lymphocele, acute rejection and wound) was 11% in LDN compared to 15% in the ODN group. Long-term graft function, graft survival and patient survival in the LDN group were comparable to the ODN group. CONCLUSIONS: Early graft recovery is slower in LDN allografts, although not statistically significant, but long-term function in the LDN group is significantly better compared to the ODN group. Laparoscopic donor kidneys take longer to achieve nadir serum creatinine, but this does not influence long-term outcome and results.

DOI： 10.1097/01.ju.0000144716.30222.12

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

A 34-year-old female with left flank pain persisting for 3 months consulted us on 19 Feb, 2001. Ultrasonography (US), computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and renal angiography revealed a cystic renal tumor in the upper pole of the left kidney invading the spleen, and paraaortic lymph node swelling. Left radical nephrectomy combined with splenectomy and partial diaphragmectomy was performed under a tentative diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma. However, histopathological findings revealed xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP). XGP is a rare, severe, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by accumulation of lipid laden macrophages. XGP is classified as diffuse or focal type. Preoperative diagnosis of focal XGP is difficult because of radiological similarities to renal cell carcinoma. Our case was more difficult to diagnose because she showed few signs of inflammation and had no history of urinary tract infection or stones.

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担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Japan  

In recent years, the increasing incidence of urinary tract infection (UTIs) caused by Staphylococcus aureus has been noted at the urology ward, Okayama University Hospital. We investigated the molecular epidemiological characteristics of 139 UTI isolates, including 45 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and 94 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), collected over a 10-year period from 1990 to 1999. The antibiotic resistance genes ( mecA, aph(3')-III, aac(6')-aph(2"), ant(4')-I) and the toxin genes (tst, sea, seb, and sec) were detected by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Since 1996, the prevalence of the ant(4')-I, tstand secgenes has increased markedly in coagulase type II S. aureus possessing the mecA gene (MRSA). The presence of toxin genes in MRSA was higher than that in MSSA; 66.0% and 26.7% for tst, 7.4% and 4.4% for sea, 24.5% and 8.9% for seb, and 66.0% and 28.9% for sec, respectively. In the review of medical records, it was found that febrile episodes occurred in 12 of 72 patients with monomicrobial UTI caused by S. aureus. For the febrile patients, S. aureus isolates with both the tst and sec genes were found significantly more often (11 of 12; 91.7%) than those without the tst and sec genes ( P = 0.0484). Molecular typing of MRSA isolates, by using random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis, revealed no apparent clonality of these isolates over the 10 years, suggesting that most of the recent MRSA infections are not due to cross-infection in the urology ward.

DOI： 10.1007/s101560200029

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

免疫チェックポイント阻害剤による稀な合併症の1つである血球貪食症候群を経験したので報告する。症例は59歳の男性。検診エコーで右腎腫瘤を指摘され、当院に紹介された。造影CTで右腎中極腹側に4cm、背側に2cm大の腎癌を疑う占拠性病変を認めた。右腎癌に対して、凍結療法や腎部分切除術も考慮したが、左腎は無機能腎であったことも考慮し、ニボルマブ・イピリムマブ併用療法を開始した。2サイクル投与後7日目に下痢、発熱のため受診され、補液で加療を行うも、入院後4日目に貧血、血小板の減少とフェリチンの異常高値、CTにて肝脾腫の出現を認めた。骨髄穿刺で血球貪食像を認め、ニボルマブ・イピリムマブ併用療法による血球貪食症候群と診断された。治療としてメチルプレドニゾロンを投与後、速やかに解熱し、血球の減少やフェリチンの異常高値の改善も認めた。免疫チェックポイント阻害剤による血球貪食症候群は、少数であるが報告もあり、重症例では致死的な疾患であるため注意を要する。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

症例は56歳、男性。X-1年7月に胃癌・大腸多発癌にて当院を受診した。2回の大腸癌既往や大腸癌などの癌家族歴から遺伝学的検査が行われ、MSH2遺伝子の病的バリアント(c.942+3A>T)によるLynch症候群と診断された。胃癌、大腸癌術後の定期検査として行ったX年7月のCTで、右水腎症を認め右上部尿路上皮癌が疑われ、当科に紹介となった。MRIにおいて、右中部尿管に壁肥厚を認めた。右尿管鏡検査では、同部位に乳頭状腫瘍を認め、狭窄を伴っていた。生検は強い狭窄のため施行できず、分腎尿細胞診はclass IIであった。しかし、臨床所見上は上部尿路上皮癌が強く疑われたため、X年9月に後腹膜鏡下右腎尿管全摘除術を施行した。病理学的所見は、尿路上皮癌G2>G3、INFb、pT3、stage IIIであった。免疫組織化学検査でMLH1蛋白の発現は正常であったが、MSH2蛋白の発現消失を認め、Lynch症候群の関連腫瘍として発生した尿路上皮癌であることが示唆された。術後経過は良好で、術後11日目に退院となった。術後1年9ヵ月の時点で、再発を認めていない。わが国からのLynch症候群における尿路上皮癌の報告7例の集計では、発症年齢の中央値は61歳(50〜64)、男女比5:2で、全例MSH2バリアントであった。さらなる症例の集積が望まれる。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

症例は55歳、女性。右腰背部痛を主訴に近医受診した。CTでClass 3Bの気腫性腎盂腎炎を認め、当院緊急搬送となった。未治療の2型糖尿病を有しており、HbA1cは13.4%であった。抗菌薬投与、血糖コントロール、ガンマグロブリン療法による保存的加療を開始したが、改善を認めなかった。CTガイド下経皮的ドレナージによる腎温存治療を最大限に検討したものの、広範で多房性にガス像を呈していたため穿刺部位を特定できず断念した。そのため入院4日後に経腰式右腎摘除術を施行した。術後の経過は良好で、入院30日後に退院となった。気腫性腎盂腎炎は腎実質やその周囲組織にガスの集簇を認める重篤な急性壊死性感染症である。適切に加療しなければ致死的となり得る疾患であるが、近年では保存的加療や経皮的ドレナージを中心とする腎温存を図る治療が多数ある。腎温存は施行できなかったが、腎摘除術を行うことで良好な経過を得られた症例を経験したので報告する。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(有)科学評論社  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：医学図書出版(株)  

切除可能な腎盂・尿管癌において、外科的治療の標準術式は腎尿管全摘除術・膀胱部分切除術である。腹腔鏡手術は開放手術と比較して低侵襲であり、低リスク症例では前者が選択される傾向にあるが、pT3以上やリンパ節転移が疑われる症例では開放手術が推奨されている。また、腎機能に問題がある場合などに腎温存療法や化学療法が選択されることもある。本稿では腎盂・尿管癌における腹腔鏡手術の適応について考察する。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本生体医工学会  

<p>近年、手術支援ロボット（da Vinci サージカルシステム）手術、いわゆるロボット手術が導入され、急速に普及している。日本でda Vinciは2009 年11 月薬事承認され、2012 年4 月に前立腺がんのda Vinci 手術（ロボット補助下前立腺全摘（RALP））に対して初めて保険が適用された。2016 年4 月には腎臓がん手術（ロボット補助下腎部分切除（RAPN））も保険収載された。ここまではすべて泌尿器科領域の手術であった。2018 年4 月に新たに12 術式の保険収載が認められ、肺がんや直腸がん、胃がんなどにも拡大し、ロボット手術数は増加傾向にある。日本は米国に次ぐ世界第二のダビンチ保有国であり2018 年3 月時点で約300 台が国内に存在し、アジア全体の半分以上のロボットが日本に存在する計算になる。</p><p>ダビンチは低侵襲手術において革命的な変化をもたらしている。ダビンチの特徴は以下の3 つである。</p><p>1．低侵襲：傷が小さい、出血が少ないという従来の腹腔鏡手術の利点を保持</p><p>2．良好な視野：拡大視野かつ三次元視野（3D）</p><p>3．細かい操作：手術操作を行う鉗子が関節機能を有し、人間の手以上の細かな作業が可能</p><p>前立腺癌に関してはメタアナリシスにおいて開腹術と比較してロボット手術は</p><p>1．出血・輸血率が少ない</p><p>2．尿禁制が優れている</p><p>3．癌の断端陽性率が低い</p><p>4．勃起神経温存に優れている</p><p>ということが示された。</p><p>また腎癌に関しては大規模多施設共同研究において従来の腹腔鏡手術と比較してロボット手術は</p><p>・Trifecta（断端陰性、合併症なし、温阻血時間≤25 分）の達成率が高い</p><p>ことが示された。</p><p>このように従来の方法と比較しより良好な結果が示されている。</p><p>他に泌尿器科領域では保険適応外であるが他に腎盂尿管移行部狭窄症に対する腎盂形成術や腎腫瘍・腎動脈瘤・尿管狭窄などに適応のある自家腎移植も行われている。岡山大学はこれらの手術を日本で初めて行った。</p><p>問題はコストである。定価2 億7000 万円という本体価格と毎回の手術にかかるdisposable のポート及び鉗子代のコスト削減が望まれる。</p><p>最近ダビンチ以外の手術支援ロボットも発売され、この領域は益々の発展が期待される。</p>

DOI： 10.11239/jsmbe.Annual58.106

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本排尿機能学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本排尿機能学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本排尿機能学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本泌尿器内視鏡学会  

当院泌尿器科では2006年から独自の腹腔鏡手術教育プログラムを作成し手術教育を行っている。2009年3月から2017年11月までに当院で腹腔鏡技術認定医トレーニング中の泌尿器科医師が執刀した腹腔鏡下副腎摘除術76症例と、当院の腹腔鏡技術認定医が行った43症例との周術期成績の比較検討を行った。プログラム対象者は合計18人(卒後6-11年目)で、1人あたりの執刀症例数は中央値4例(range:1-9)、認定医の術者は9名で中央値2例(range:1-26)であった。患者背景には大きな差は認めなかった。手術時間は認定医群で有意に短かった(p=0.0122)ものの、両群において輸血や開腹移行症例、重篤な合併症はなかった。手術時間・出血量に急激なラーニングカーブは認めなかった。系統的な手術教育により腹腔鏡手術経験の未熟な術者の初期症例においても、安定した周術期成績を残すことが出来た。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

消化器癌を原発とする転移性尿管腫瘍の2例を経験したため報告する。【症例1】64歳、男性。2007年9月、下行結腸癌に対して下行結腸切除術を施行した。2014年、術後のCTで右尿管腫瘍を指摘され当科へ紹介となった。右尿管鏡検査時の生検病理結果より下行結腸癌の尿管転移と診断し、開腹腫瘍摘出術を行った。術後4ヵ月の時点で肝転移を認めたためTS-1 120mg内服療法を14ヵ月行い、様々な変更を経て現在はXELIRI + Bevacizumab療法8コース目を行っている。肝転移は緩徐に増大中である。【症例2】62歳、男性。2014年12月、多発胃癌に対して幽門側胃切除術、胆嚢摘出術およびRoux-en-Y再建術を施行し、術後TS-1 100mg内服療法を1年間行った。2017年、CTで右水腎症と尿管壁肥厚を指摘され、右尿管鏡検査を行うも狭窄が強く組織は採取できず、検査時の分腎尿細胞診はclass IVであった。再施行した右尿管鏡検査において狭窄尾側を生検したところ浸潤性尿路上皮癌の診断であったため、後腹膜鏡下右腎尿管摘除術を施行した。右尿管は腹膜およびS状結腸と著しく癒着し、漿膜ごと摘除した。病理結果は胃癌の右尿管転移であった。術後weekly PTX 100mgを開始したが骨転移の出現や腹膜転移の進行を認め、PTX + Ramucirumab 1コース施行した後に抗PD-1抗体180mgを5コース行ったが全身状態は徐々に悪化した。術後7ヵ月で緩和療法に移行し、術後11ヵ月で永眠された。転移性尿管腫瘍は術前生検しても診断が難しい場合がある。予後不良な疾患であり、悪性疾患の既往のある尿管腫瘍は転移性尿管腫瘍も鑑別に挙げる必要がある。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

消化器癌を原発とする転移性尿管腫瘍の2例を経験したため報告する。【症例1】64歳、男性。2007年9月、下行結腸癌に対して下行結腸切除術を施行した。2014年、術後のCTで右尿管腫瘍を指摘され当科へ紹介となった。右尿管鏡検査時の生検病理結果より下行結腸癌の尿管転移と診断し、開腹腫瘍摘出術を行った。術後4ヵ月の時点で肝転移を認めたためTS-1 120mg内服療法を14ヵ月行い、様々な変更を経て現在はXELIRI + Bevacizumab療法8コース目を行っている。肝転移は緩徐に増大中である。【症例2】62歳、男性。2014年12月、多発胃癌に対して幽門側胃切除術、胆嚢摘出術およびRoux-en-Y再建術を施行し、術後TS-1 100mg内服療法を1年間行った。2017年、CTで右水腎症と尿管壁肥厚を指摘され、右尿管鏡検査を行うも狭窄が強く組織は採取できず、検査時の分腎尿細胞診はclass IVであった。再施行した右尿管鏡検査において狭窄尾側を生検したところ浸潤性尿路上皮癌の診断であったため、後腹膜鏡下右腎尿管摘除術を施行した。右尿管は腹膜およびS状結腸と著しく癒着し、漿膜ごと摘除した。病理結果は胃癌の右尿管転移であった。術後weekly PTX 100mgを開始したが骨転移の出現や腹膜転移の進行を認め、PTX + Ramucirumab 1コース施行した後に抗PD-1抗体180mgを5コース行ったが全身状態は徐々に悪化した。術後7ヵ月で緩和療法に移行し、術後11ヵ月で永眠された。転移性尿管腫瘍は術前生検しても診断が難しい場合がある。予後不良な疾患であり、悪性疾患の既往のある尿管腫瘍は転移性尿管腫瘍も鑑別に挙げる必要がある。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：腎癌研究会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

自家腎移植は本来摘出される腎臓を救済できる優れた手術だが、侵襲が大きく臨床応用の頻度は極めて少ない。2014年以降、傷の小さい低侵襲のロボット自家腎移植が北米を中心に臨床応用されている。当科ではまずブタでfeasibility studyを行いヒトへの臨床応用に移行した。対象は30代女性。左卵巣嚢腫破裂で緊急帝王切開および左付属器切除(出血量4L)。再出血のため左内腸骨動脈の血管塞栓術を施行。術後左尿管口より5cm頭側で長さ2.7cmの尿管狭窄に対し左尿管ステント留置。尿路造影にて左腎盂尿管移行部狭窄も疑われた。4年後、手術目的に当科を紹介されるも躊躇。さらに4年後、再診。創の小さいロボット自家腎移植を選択。傷も小さくステントフリーとなり患者は満足されている。ロボット自家腎移植は我々の症例も含め世界で4例報告されており、すべて距離の長い尿管狭窄に対して行われている。そうした症例に頻用されるileal ureterは腸管の尿の再吸収による代謝性アシドーシスなどが問題となり、Cr&gt;2mg/dlでは禁忌である。Cr&gt;2mg/dlの日本人は56万人も存在し、成人の179人に1人に相当することよりileal ureterを造設したときCr 2mg/dl以下でも、その患者が一生涯Cr 2mg/dl以下で過ごせる可能性は高くない。Boari flapは逆流防止がないもしくは困難で膀胱尿管逆流による尿路感染症などが問題となる。自家腎移植は尿の再吸収による代謝性アシドーシスがなく、逆流防止も可能な優れた手術である。ロボット自家腎移植は腎保存の新しい低侵襲手術である。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会総会事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会総会事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会総会事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会総会事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会総会事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会総会事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本泌尿器科学会総会事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

2018年にロボット支援腹腔鏡下膀胱全摘除術が保険収載され、今後本邦においても普及していくことが予想される。今回、当院にて膀胱全摘除術を行った102例(ORC35例、LRC52例、RARC15例)を対象に後方視的に検討を行った。検討項目は、手術時間、出血量、術後合併症、入院日数、術後の歩行開始日、術後疼痛、術後発熱とした。手術時間はRARCが最も短く、出血量はRARCが最も少なかった。術後の合併症はいずれの群においても約33%(全グレード)認めた。術後の歩行開始日、発熱が持続した期間は鏡視下手術群がORCと比して優れた結果であった。入院日数においては3群に有意な差はなかった。RARCはORCに比べ術後早期に回復が期待できるだけでなく、症例ごとの術後経過に差が少なく安定した手術成績が期待できる。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本化学療法学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

牛車腎気丸には過活動膀胱症状を改善する効果があることが知られているが、末梢血流増加作用もある。女性過活動膀胱に対し牛車腎気丸を投与し、治療効果と冷えとの関係を検討した。成人女性過活動膀胱患者56例を対象とし、TJ-107ツムラ牛車腎気丸エキス顆粒(牛車腎気丸)1日7.5gを分3で4週間投与し、治療前、治療4週目に過活動膀胱質問票(Overactive Bladder Symptom Score;OABSS)、冷えに関する質問票で症状を確認し、非接触型赤外線温度計で体表温度(手掌、恥骨上、足蹠)を測定した。他の過活動膀胱治療薬を内服している場合は変更せず継続した。平均年齢は35〜90歳(平均64.1±13.8歳)で、OABSSは治療前7.57±3.36、後6.73±3.50と有意に改善した(p=0.006)。治療前後で体表温度の有意な上昇はみられなかったが、治療前に冷えを自覚した36例(64.3%、平均65.1±13.8歳)ではOABSSが治療前7.94±3.65、後6.86±3.61と有意に改善し(p=0.004)、治療前に冷えを自覚しなかった20例(35.7%、平均62.3±13.6歳)では改善傾向はあったが有意差はなかった。このことから、治療前に冷えの自覚があるほうが、自覚のない症例に比べて牛車腎気丸による治療効果が期待でき、治療の指標になりうると考えられた。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

Stage I期セミノーマの手術後には補助治療を行わず経過観察とするsurveillanceが現在の主流となっており、再発率は13〜20%と言われている。補助治療の有無によらず、再発の大半は手術後2年以内が占める。以降の再発は晩期再発と呼ばれ区別されているが、そのリスク因子は明確になっていない。手術後5年以降の再発は0.8%〜2.5%と報告されており、術後10年を超えての再発はさらに稀である。今回、我々は高位精巣摘除術14年後に発生したセミノーマ晩期再発を経験したので、若干の文献的考察を加え報告する。症例は40代、男性。右下腿浮腫、総腸骨リンパ節の腫大、骨盤内腫瘤を指摘され当科紹介受診した。患者は前医受診の14年前に右精巣腫瘍に対し高位精巣摘除術を行われており、セミノーマpT2N0M0 Stage IBとして術後6年間のフォローの後に終診となっていた。当科受診時にはLDH 667 U/l(120〜240U/l)、β-hCG 17.5mIU/l(&lt;0.5mIU/l)と高値を認め、骨盤内腫瘤生検によりセミノーマの再発と診断、救済化学療法としてBEP3コース、VeIP療法を3コース施行した。VeIP療法施行後、骨盤内残存腫瘤の切除を行った。摘出標本は壊死組織のみでviable cellは認めず、術後7ヵ月時点では局所再発、転移は認めていない。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

Stage I期セミノーマの手術後には補助治療を行わず経過観察とするsurveillanceが現在の主流となっており、再発率は13〜20%と言われている。補助治療の有無によらず、再発の大半は手術後2年以内が占める。以降の再発は晩期再発と呼ばれ区別されているが、そのリスク因子は明確になっていない。手術後5年以降の再発は0.8%〜2.5%と報告されており、術後10年を超えての再発はさらに稀である。今回、我々は高位精巣摘除術14年後に発生したセミノーマ晩期再発を経験したので、若干の文献的考察を加え報告する。症例は40代、男性。右下腿浮腫、総腸骨リンパ節の腫大、骨盤内腫瘤を指摘され当科紹介受診した。患者は前医受診の14年前に右精巣腫瘍に対し高位精巣摘除術を行われており、セミノーマpT2N0M0 Stage IBとして術後6年間のフォローの後に終診となっていた。当科受診時にはLDH 667 U/l(120〜240U/l)、β-hCG 17.5mIU/l(&lt;0.5mIU/l)と高値を認め、骨盤内腫瘤生検によりセミノーマの再発と診断、救済化学療法としてBEP3コース、VeIP療法を3コース施行した。VeIP療法施行後、骨盤内残存腫瘤の切除を行った。摘出標本は壊死組織のみでviable cellは認めず、術後7ヵ月時点では局所再発、転移は認めていない。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床腎移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本泌尿器内視鏡学会  

<p> ロボット手術導入後より, 腹腔鏡手術の手術件数は減少し, 全盛期の半分となっている. これからの腹腔鏡教育はこのことを念頭に考えていかなければならない. "手術教育の根幹となる手術"は腹腔鏡手術の普及に伴い開腹手術から腹腔鏡に移行したが, 近年ロボット手術に移行しつつある. しかしながら, ロボット手術は腹腔鏡手術の一種であり, 開腹手術から腹腔鏡手術へといった大きなシフトではなく, ロボット手術と腹腔鏡手術は並列なものと捉え, 相補的な教育を行っていくことが大切だと考える.</p>

DOI： 10.11302/jsejje.32.28

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2019295735

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

症例は64歳、女性。2007年に関節リウマチの診断を受け、2008年よりメトトレキサート(MTX)内服中であった。2015年に繰り返す発熱で近医を受診。CTで子宮頸癌および両肺多発転移を疑われた。当院婦人科で子宮頸部パンチ生検を施行するも悪性所見なく、肺結節も自然消退したため経過観察となっていた。2017年2月、症状が再燃し近医を受診した。CTで左下葉結節影、右肺門リンパ節腫脹、腹腔内リンパ節腫脹および左腎盂拡張を認め、PET-CTで左腎門部リンパ節、尿道、上咽頭に高集積を認めた。MTX関連リンパ増殖性疾患(MTX-LPD)を疑い、施行した上咽頭生検はHodgkinリンパ腫の像を呈し、EBER-ISH陽性であった。MTX中止後は左尿管病変および尿道病変に著変はないものの、肺腫瘤とリンパ節は縮小傾向で現在経過観察中である。(著者抄録)

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

尿路感染症に対する治療として中心的な役割を果たしてきた抗菌化学療法は大きな転機を迎えている。世界的な時流として耐性菌の問題や医療経済的にも抗菌薬の使用量を減少させる方向に移行している。尿路感染症においても例外ではなく、そのマネジメントに関して治療法の見直しだけでなく予防の重要性についての議論がなされている。そのうち、これまでに様々な臨床研究において有効性が確認されつつあるプロバイオティクスが抗菌薬とは異なる尿路感染症対策として注目されている。健常な閉経前の女性の腟内においては、基本的に乳酸菌が細菌叢(フローラ)を形成しているが、月経中や閉経後は乳酸菌が減少して腸内細菌が腟内に定着することとなる。その腟がリザーバーとなって細菌を供給し、頻繁に尿路の逆行性感染を引き起こすと考えられている。すなわち、腟内を乳酸菌中心のフローラに保つことで尿路感染症の再発(反復)リスクが低くなることが期待でき、実際にプロバイオティクスを用いた多くの研究が行われている。我々が現在行っている乳酸菌製剤のほか、プロバイオティクスの経口摂取が腟内フローラに与える影響に関しても検証が進んでおり、プロバイオティクスが尿路感染症の予防や治療に寄与することが期待されている。(著者抄録)

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本癌治療学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

尿路感染症に対する治療として中心的な役割を果たしてきた抗菌化学療法は大きな転機を迎えている。世界的な時流として耐性菌の問題や医療経済的にも抗菌薬の使用量を減少させる方向に移行している。尿路感染症においても例外ではなく、そのマネジメントに関して治療法の見直しだけでなく予防の重要性についての議論がなされている。そのうち、これまでに様々な臨床研究において有効性が確認されつつあるプロバイオティクスが抗菌薬とは異なる尿路感染症対策として注目されている。健常な閉経前の女性の腟内においては、基本的に乳酸菌が細菌叢(フローラ)を形成しているが、月経中や閉経後は乳酸菌が減少して腸内細菌が腟内に定着することとなる。その腟がリザーバーとなって細菌を供給し、頻繁に尿路の逆行性感染を引き起こすと考えられている。すなわち、腟内を乳酸菌中心のフローラに保つことで尿路感染症の再発(反復)リスクが低くなることが期待でき、実際にプロバイオティクスを用いた多くの研究が行われている。我々が現在行っている乳酸菌製剤のほか、プロバイオティクスの経口摂取が腟内フローラに与える影響に関しても検証が進んでおり、プロバイオティクスが尿路感染症の予防や治療に寄与することが期待されている。(著者抄録)

CiNii Article

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

症例は65歳、女性。繰り返す膀胱炎様症状で前医を受診。膀胱鏡検査で膀胱後壁に腫瘤性病変を認めた。尿細胞診は陰性、CT、MRIでは炎症波及による2次性膀胱腫瘤の可能性を指摘され、経尿道的膀胱腫瘍生検を行うも病理結果では悪性所見なく炎症性変化との診断であった。症状の改善なく本年2月に当院紹介受診となった。各種自己免疫疾患の検査はいずれも陰性であった。CT、MRIを再検したがやはり炎症性腫瘤を疑われ、再度経尿道的膀胱腫瘍生検を試みた。膀胱内を観察すると腫瘤性病変は消退しており前回生検時の瘢痕を残すのみであった。瘢痕部位を再度生検し病理検査に提出したが結果は炎症所見のみで悪性所見は認めず炎症性偽腫瘍と診断した。生検後は大幅な症状の改善を認め、さらなる侵襲的な検査は行わず、経過観察とした。術後15ヵ月現在、症状の再燃を認めていない。(著者抄録)

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

症例は65歳、女性。繰り返す膀胱炎様症状で前医を受診。膀胱鏡検査で膀胱後壁に腫瘤性病変を認めた。尿細胞診は陰性、CT、MRIでは炎症波及による2次性膀胱腫瘤の可能性を指摘され、経尿道的膀胱腫瘍生検を行うも病理結果では悪性所見なく炎症性変化との診断であった。症状の改善なく本年2月に当院紹介受診となった。各種自己免疫疾患の検査はいずれも陰性であった。CT、MRIを再検したがやはり炎症性腫瘤を疑われ、再度経尿道的膀胱腫瘍生検を試みた。膀胱内を観察すると腫瘤性病変は消退しており前回生検時の瘢痕を残すのみであった。瘢痕部位を再度生検し病理検査に提出したが結果は炎症所見のみで悪性所見は認めず炎症性偽腫瘍と診断した。生検後は大幅な症状の改善を認め、さらなる侵襲的な検査は行わず、経過観察とした。術後15ヵ月現在、症状の再燃を認めていない。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本移植学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

化膿性脊椎炎は尿路感染症や尿性敗血症(ウロセプシス)が原因の一つとなる。今回、尿路感染症の治療経過中に発症し、保存的加療により治癒した化膿性脊椎炎の3例を経験した。いずれの症例も腎盂腎炎に対する抗菌薬の投与中に腰背部痛が遷延もしくは増強し、発症から9日以上経過した複数回目のMRIで診断し得た。尿路感染症治療中に持続、または増強する背部痛、腰痛には注意が必要であり、化膿性脊椎炎を疑って複数回の画像診断を行う必要があると考えられた。(著者抄録)

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

化膿性脊椎炎は尿路感染症や尿性敗血症(ウロセプシス)が原因の一つとなる。今回、尿路感染症の治療経過中に発症し、保存的加療により治癒した化膿性脊椎炎の3例を経験した。いずれの症例も腎盂腎炎に対する抗菌薬の投与中に腰背部痛が遷延もしくは増強し、発症から9日以上経過した複数回目のMRIで診断し得た。尿路感染症治療中に持続、または増強する背部痛、腰痛には注意が必要であり、化膿性脊椎炎を疑って複数回の画像診断を行う必要があると考えられた。(著者抄録)

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：西日本泌尿器科学会  

researchmap