論文 - 山本　敏央

Mapping of QTLs associated with lodging resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) using the recombinant inbred lines derived from two high yielding cultivars, Tachisugata and Hokuriku 193 査読 国際共著

Jiang M, Yamamoto E, Yamamoto T, Matsubara K, Kato H, Adachi S, Nomura T, Kamahora E, Ma j, Ookawa T

Plant Growth Regulation   87 ( 2 )   1 - 10   2019年

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1007/s10725-018-0468-3

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Koshihikari: a premium short-grain rice cultivar – its expansion and breeding in Japan 査読

Kobayashi A, Hori K, Yamamoto T, Yano M

Rice   11 ( 1 )   15   2018年12月

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Springer Nature  

DOI： 10.1186/s12284-018-0207-4

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Discovery of QTL Alleles for Grain Shape in the Japan-MAGIC Rice Population Using Haplotype Information 査読

Ogawa D, Nonoue Y, Tsunematsu H, Kanno N, Yamamoto T, Yonemaru J

G3   8   3559 - 3565   2018年11月

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A novel QTL associated with rice canopy temperature difference affects stomatal conductance and leaf photosynthesis 査読

Fukuda A, Kondo K, Ikka T, Takai T, Tanabata T, Yamamoto T

Breeding Science   68 ( 3 )   305 - 315   2018年8月

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs.17129

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A near-isogenic rice line carrying a QTL for larger leaf inclination angle yields heavier biomass and grain 査読

Nan Su San, Yosuke Ootsuki, Shunsuke Adachi, Toshio Yamamoto, Tadamasa Ueda, Takanari Tanabata, Takashi Motobayashi, Taiichiro Ookawa, Tadashi Hirasawa

Field Crops Research   219   131 - 138   2018年4月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier B.V.  

Manipulating plant architecture is a promising strategy for further improving rice production. The canopy extinction coefficient (k), the most important parameter of canopy architecture, represents the characteristics of light penetration into the canopy, and is determined mainly by the leaf inclination angle. With its erect leaves, the high-yielding indica cultivar ‘Takanari’ has a smaller k during ripening than the elite japonica cultivar ‘Koshihikari’. Using chromosome segment substitution lines derived from a cross between ‘Takanari’ and ‘Koshihikari’ we previously detected a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for leaf inclination angle on a chromosome 3. Here, we tested a near-isogenic line (NIL-3) carrying the ‘Takanari’ allele of a QTL for larger leaf inclination angle on chromosome 3, qLIA3, in the ‘Koshihikari’ genetic background for the effects of qLIA3 on k, dry matter production, and grain yield. NIL-3 had leaves with a larger inclination angle from the full heading through ripening stages and a smaller k at the ripening stage than ‘Koshihikari’. There were no differences in plant height, panicle size, heading date, leaf area index, or individual leaf photosynthesis between NIL-3 and ‘Koshihikari’. Biomass at harvest was significantly greater in NIL-3 than in ‘Koshihikari’ owing to a higher net assimilation rate during ripening, resulting in a higher grain yield. qLIA3 might incorporate a promising gene for improving rice production.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fcr.2018.01.025

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Finding the superior allele of japonica-type for increasing stem lodging resistance in indica rice varieties using chromosome segment substitution lines 査読

Indria Wahyu Mulsanti, Toshio Yamamoto, Tadamasa Ueda, Ahmad Fahim Samadi, Eri Kamahora, Indrastuti Apri Rumanti, Vo Cong Thanh, Shunsuke Adachi, Sakae Suzuki, Motoki Kanekatsu, Tadashi Hirasawa, Taiichiro Ookawa

RICE   11 ( 1 )   25   2018年4月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGEROPEN  

Background: In cereal crops, stem lodging can be classified into two types: stem-breaking type and stem-bending type. To improve stem-lodging resistance, the strong culm traits of superior lodging-resistant varieties must be characterized. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and the corresponding genes associated with the parameters for bending moment at breaking (M) and flexural rigidity (FR) is expected to enable the efficient development of lodging-resistant varieties. A set of Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines (CSSLs) derived from the cross between Takanari and Koshihikari were used in this study to identify QTLs associated with lodging resistance.Results: The indica variety Takanari possesses large M due to its large section modulus (SM) despite its small bending stress (BS), whereas Takanari also has large FR due to its large secondary moment of inertia (SMI) and Young's modulus (YM). The QTLs for BS were assigned to chromosomes 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. Koshihikari alleles increased BS in these QTLs. The YM was increased by substitution of the Koshihikari chromosomal segments on chromosomes 2, 10, and 11. Other QTLs mapped to chromosomes 7 and 12, such that the Koshihikari alleles contributed to the decrease of YM. QTLs for cellulose density were assigned to chromosomes 1, 3, and 5, which were replaced by substitutions of Koshihikari segments. The QTLs for hemicellulose, cellulose, and holocellulose densities identified on chromosome 5 overlapped with those for BS, indicating the positive effect of the Koshihikari segment on increasing BS.Conclusions: These results suggested that the QTLs for the densities of cell wall materials in japonica varieties contributed to increased BS and might be utilized for improving lodging resistance in indica varieties of rice.

DOI： 10.1186/s12284-018-0216-3

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Haplotype-based allele mining in the Japan-MAGIC rice population. 査読 国際誌

Daisuke Ogawa, Eiji Yamamoto, Toshikazu Ohtani, Noriko Kanno, Hiroshi Tsunematsu, Yasunori Nonoue, Masahiro Yano, Toshio Yamamoto, Jun-Ichi Yonemaru

Scientific reports   8 ( 1 )   4379 - 4379   2018年3月

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Multi-parent advanced generation inter-cross (MAGIC) lines have broader genetic variation than bi-parental recombinant inbred lines. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) using high number of DNA polymorphisms such as single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is a popular tool for allele mining in MAGIC populations, in which the associations of phenotypes with SNPs are investigated; however, the effects of haplotypes from multiple founders on phenotypes are not considered. Here, we describe an improved method of allele mining using the newly developed Japan-MAGIC (JAM) population, which is derived from eight high-yielding rice cultivars in Japan. To obtain information on the haplotypes in the JAM lines, we predicted the haplotype blocks in the whole chromosomes using 16,345 SNPs identified via genotyping-by-sequencing analysis. Using haplotype-based GWAS, we clearly detected the loci controlling the glutinous endosperm and culm length traits. Information on the alleles of the eight founders, which was based on the effects of mutations revealed by the analysis of next-generation sequencing data, was used to narrow down the candidate genes and reveal the associations between alleles and phenotypes. The haplotype-based allele mining (HAM) proposed in this study is a promising approach to the detection of allelic variation in genes controlling agronomic traits in MAGIC populations.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-018-22657-3

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A follow-up study for biomass yield QTLs in rice. 査読 国際誌

Kazuki Matsubara, Jun-Ichi Yonemaru, Nobuya Kobayashi, Takuro Ishii, Eiji Yamamoto, Ritsuko Mizobuchi, Hiroshi Tsunematsu, Toshio Yamamoto, Hiroshi Kato, Masahiro Yano

PloS one   13 ( 10 )   e0206054   2018年

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The biomass yield (plant weight) of rice fluctuates from year to year. In a previous study, we demonstrated that six quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contribute to the variation in the plant weight of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of high-yielding Japanese rice cultivars. However, it remains unclear whether the effects of those QTLs are stable over multiple years. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of the alleles on the plant weight of RILs over multiple years, including a change of fertilization level (i.e., in different environments). Even though the biomass yields of all RILs fluctuated among environments, RILs that were selected on the basis of the genotypes of the detected QTLs had a stable rank order of plant weight that corresponded to their genotypes. This multiple-environment experiment reveals the highly significant contribution of both genotypic and environmental variances to the observed variance in plant weight. A marginally significant QTL-environment interaction was detected at only one of the six QTLs, with a subtle contribution. These results support the idea that the biomass yield of rice can be improved through QTL-based allele selection.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0206054

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Quantitative trait loci for large sink capacity enhance rice grain yield under free-air CO2 enrichment conditions 査読

Hiroshi Nakano, Satoshi Yoshinaga, Toshiyuki Takai, Yumiko Arai-Sanoh, Katsuhiko Kondo, Toshio Yamamoto, Hidemitsu Sakai, Takeshi Tokida, Yasuhiro Usui, Hirofumi Nakamura, Toshihiro Hasegawa, Motohiko Kondo

Scientific Reports   7 ( 1 )   1827   2017年12月

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-017-01690-8

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Characterization of a genomic region that maintains chlorophyll and nitrogen contents during ripening in a high-yielding stay-green rice cultivar 査読

Toshio Yamamoto, Tadafumi Suzuki, Kenji Suzuki, Shunsuke Adachi, Jian Sun, Masahiro Yano, Taiichiro Ookawa, Tadashi Hirasawa

FIELD CROPS RESEARCH   206   54 - 64   2017年5月

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The high-yielding indica x japonica rice (Oryza sativa L) cultivar Akenohoshi tends to maintain a higher photosynthetic rate during ripening owing to its higher nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen partitioning to leaves than the commercial japonica cultivar Koshihikari. By using recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Akenohoshi and Koshihikari, we detected at least 6 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for maintaining higher leaf chlorophyll content, 4 QTLs for nitrogen content, and 5 QTLs for the rate of nitrogen transport to shoots during ripening in the paddy field. Then we developed two chromosome segment substitution lines carrying Akenohoshi segments on the short arm of chromosome 3, where the QTLs for chlorophyll content reduction were clustered, in the Koshihikari genetic background. The lines showed higher rate of nitrogen transport to shoots, leaf chlorophyll and nitrogen contents, and therefore a higher rate of leaf photosynthesis, than Koshihikari. We concluded that a 7.7-Mb region present in both two lines, named qCHR1, is important for maintaining chlorophyll and nitrogen contents during senescence. The Akenohoshi allele at qCHR1 increased nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen partitioning to leaves during ripening, but did not change yield. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.fcr.2017.03.001

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Fine Mapping of Carbon Assimilation Rate 8, a Quantitative Trait Locus for Flag Leaf Nitrogen Content, Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthesis in Rice 査読

Shunsuke Adachi, Kazuaki Yoshikawa, Utako Yamanouchi, Takanari Tanabata, Jian Sun, Taiichiro Ookawa, Toshio Yamamoto, Rowan F. Sage, Tadashi Hirasawa, Junichi Yonemaru

Frontiers in Plant Science   8   60   2017年1月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA  

Increasing the rate of leaf photosynthesis is one important approach for increasing grain yield in rice (Ora sativa). Exploiting the natural variation in CO2 assimilation rate (A) between rice cultivars using quantitative genetics is one promising means to identify genes contributing to higher photosynthesis. In this study, we determined precise location of Carbon Assimilation Rate 8 (CAR8) by crossing a high-yielding indica cultivar with a Japanese commercial cultivar, Fine mapping suggested that CAR8 encodes a putative Heme Activator Protein 3 (OsHAP3) subunit of a CCAAT box binding transcription factor called OsHAP3H. Sequencing analysis revealed that the indica allele of CAR8 has a 1-bp deletion at 322 bp from the start codon, resulting in a truncated protein of 125 amino acids. In addition, CAR8 is identical to DTH8/Ghd8/LHD1, which was reported to control rice flowering date. The increase of A is largely due to an increase of RuBP regeneration rate via increased leaf nitrogen content, and partially explained by reduced stomatal limitation via increased stomatal conductance relative to A. This allele also increases hydraulic conductivity, which would promote higher stomatal conductance. This indicates that CAR8 affects multiple physiological aspects relating to photosynthesis. The detailed analysis of molecular functions of CAR8 would help to understand the association between photosynthesis and flowering and demonstrate specific genetic mechanisms that can be exploited to improve photosynthesis in rice and potentially other crops.

DOI： 10.3389/fpls.2017.00060

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Genetic dissection of agronomically important traits in closely related temperate japonica rice cultivars 査読

Kiyosumi Hori, Toshio Yamamoto, Masahiro Yano

Breeding Science   67 ( 5 )   427 - 434   2017年

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Japanese Society of Breeding  

Many quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for agronomically important traits such as grain yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) have been detected by using segregating populations derived from crosses between indica and japonica subspecies or with wild relatives. However, the QTLs involved in the control of natural variation in agronomic traits among closely related cultivars are still unclear. Decoding the whole genome sequences of Nipponbare and other temperate japonica rice cultivars has accelerated the collection of a huge number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs are good resource for developing polymorphic DNA markers and for detecting QTLs distributed across all rice chromosomes. The temperate japonica rice cultivar Koshihikari has remained the top cultivar for about 40 years since 1979 in Japan. Unraveling the genetic factors in Koshihikari will provide important insights into improving agronomic traits in temperate japonica rice cultivars. Here we describe recent progress in our studies as an example of genetic analysis in closely related cultivars.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs.17053

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Precise estimation of genomic regions controlling lodging resistance using a set of reciprocal chromosome segment substitution lines in rice 査読

Taiichiro Ookawa, Ryo Aoba, Toshio Yamamoto, Tadamasa Ueda, Toshiyuki Takai, Shuichi Fukuoka, Tsuyu Ando, Shunsuke Adachi, Makoto Matsuoka, Takeshi Ebitani, Yoichiro Kato, Indria Wahyu Mulsanti, Masahiro Kishii, Matthew Reynolds, Francisco Pinera, Toshihisa Kotake, Shinji Kawasaki, Takashi Motobayashi, Tadashi Hirasawa

Scientific Reports   6   30572   2016年7月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP  

Severe lodging has occurred in many improved rice varieties after the recent strong typhoons in East and Southeast Asian countries. The indica variety Takanari possesses strong culm characteristics due to its large section modulus, which indicates culm thickness, whereas the japonica variety Koshihikari is subject to substantial bending stress due to its thick cortical fibre tissue. To detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for lodging resistance and to eliminate the effects of genetic background, we used reciprocal chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from a cross between Koshihikari and Takanari. The oppositional effects of QTLs for section modulus were confirmed in both genetic backgrounds on chromosomes 1, 5 and 6, suggesting that these QTLs are not affected by the genetic background and are controlled independently by a single factor. The candidate region of a QTL for section modulus included SD1. The section modulus of NIL-sd1 was lower than that of Koshihikari, whereas the section modulus of NIL-SD1 was higher than that of Takanari. This result indicated that those regions regulate the culm thickness. The reciprocal effects of the QTLs for cortical fibre tissue thickness were confirmed in both genetic backgrounds on chromosome 9 using CSSLs.

DOI： 10.1038/srep30572

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Improvement of Rice Biomass Yield through QTL-Based Selection 査読

Kazuki Matsubara, Eiji Yamamoto, Nobuya Kobayashi, Takuro Ishii, Junichi Tanaka, Hiroshi Tsunematsu, Satoshi Yoshinaga, Osamu Matsumura, Jun-ichi Yonemaru, Ritsuko Mizobuchi, Toshio Yamamoto, Hiroshi Kato, Masahiro Yano

PLOS ONE   11 ( 3 )   e0151830   2016年3月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE  

Biomass yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important breeding target, yet it is not easy to improve because the trait is complex and phenotyping is laborious. Using progeny derived from a cross between two high-yielding Japanese cultivars, we evaluated whether quantitative trait locus (QTL)-based selection can improve biomass yield. As a measure of biomass yield, we used plant weight (aboveground parts only), which included grain weight and stem and leaf weight. We measured these and related traits in recombinant inbred lines. Phenotypic values for these traits showed a continuous distribution with transgressive segregation, suggesting that selection can affect plant weight in the progeny. Four significant QTLs were mapped for plant weight, three for grain weight, and five for stem and leaf weight (at alpha = 0.05); some of them overlapped. Multiple regression analysis showed that about 43% of the phenotypic variance of plant weight was significantly explained (P < 0.0001) by six of the QTLs. From F-2 plants derived from the same parental cross as the recombinant inbred lines, we divergently selected lines that carried alleles with positive or negative additive effects at these QTLs, and performed successive selfing. In the resulting F-6 lines and parents, plant weight significantly differed among the genotypes (at alpha = 0.05). These results demonstrate that QTL-based selection is effective in improving rice biomass yield.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0151830

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Detection of QTLs for cold tolerance of rice cultivar 'Kuchum' and effect of QTL pyramiding 査読

Takashi Endo, Bunya Chiba, Kensuke Wagatsuma, Kenichi Saeki, Tsuyu Ando, Ayahiko Shomura, Tatsumi Mizubayashi, Tadamasa Ueda, Toshio Yamamoto, Takeshi Nishio

THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS   129 ( 3 )   631 - 640   2016年3月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

Key message A QTL for cold tolerance at the booting stage of rice cultivar 'Kuchum' was detected and delimited into a 1.36 Mb region, and a cold-tolerant line was developed by QTL pyramiding.Low temperature in summer causes pollen sterility in rice, resulting in a serious loss of yield. The second most widely grown rice cultivar in Japan, 'Hitomebore', has been developed as a cultivar highly tolerant to low temperature at the booting stage. However, even 'Hitomebore' exhibits sterility at a temperature lower than 18.5 degrees C. Further improvement of cold tolerance of rice is required. In the present study, QTLs for cold tolerance in a Bhutanese rice variety, 'Kuchum', were analyzed using backcrossed progenies and a major QTL, named qCT-4, was detected on chromosome 4. Evaluating cold tolerance of seven types of near isogenic lines having 'Kuchum' alleles around qCT-4 with a 'Hitomebore' genetic background, qCT-4 was delimited to a region of ca. 1.36 Mb between DNA markers 9_1 and 10_13. Homozygous 'Kuchum' alleles at qCT-4 showed an effect of increasing seed fertility by ca. 10 % under cold-water treatment. Near isogenic lines of 'Hitomebore' having 'Silewah' alleles of Ctb1 and Ctb2 and a 'Hokkai PL9' allele of qCTB8 did not exhibit higher cold tolerance than that of 'Hitomebore'. On the other hand, a qLTB3 allele derived from a Chinese cultivar 'Lijiangxintuanheigu' increased cold tolerance of 'Hitomebore', and pyramiding of the qCT-4 allele and the qLTB3 allele further increased seed fertility under cold-water treatment. Since NILs of 'Hitomebore' with the 'Kuchum' allele of qCT-4 were highly similar to 'Hitomebore' in other agronomic traits, the qCT-4 allele is considered to be useful for developing a cold-tolerant cultivar.

DOI： 10.1007/s00122-015-2654-2

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Genetic factors determining varietal differences in characters affecting yield between two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, Koshihikari and IR64 査読

Kazuhiro Ujiie, Toshio Yamamoto, Masahiro Yano, Ken Ishimaru

GENETIC RESOURCES AND CROP EVOLUTION   63 ( 1 )   97 - 123   2016年1月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER  

The yield of Koshihikari, a Japanese premium rice variety, is relatively lower than that of modern high yielding varieties. IR64 carries several well-known genes such as GS3, an important gene for grain size, sd-1, a semi-dwarf gene, and NARROW LEAF1 (NAL1), a gene for small, narrow flag leaves. In this study, we used two sets of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs), from Koshihikari and IR64, and attempted to evaluate the genetic factors that cause differences between parents by analyzing the function of chromosome regions affecting a trait (CRATs). For 28 traits, we identified 312 CRATs in the Koshihikari background and 275 in the IR64 background. In these, donor alleles had positive effects in 84 and 103 CRATs, respectively. Among these, the CRAT related to GS3 and those for grain number expanded the potential sink size in Koshihikari, although this did not affect final yield. The combination of CRATs that enhances source ability may increase grain yield. Although the sd-1 gene might improve resistance to lodging, the yield of CSSLs with sd-1 decreased by 28.7 %. These results suggest that the smaller biomass conferred by sd-1 might reduce canopy photosynthesis. In the Koshihikari background, the CRAT related to NAL1 and those located on chr. 6 increased SPAD value but had the opposite effect on leaf size. Two CRATs that were detected on chr. 6 and 7 increased leaf area without any effect on the SPAD value. The combination of these CRATs for area and SPAD value might improve source ability.

DOI： 10.1007/s10722-015-0237-3

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Detection of QTL for exudation rate at ripening stage in rice and its contribution to hydraulic conductance 査読 国際共著

Toshio Yamamoto, Tadafumi Suzuki, Kenji Suzuki, Shunsuke Adachi, Jian Sun, Masahiro Yano, Taiichiro Ookawa, Tadashi Hirasawa

PLANT SCIENCE   242   270 - 277   2016年1月

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD  

Dry matter production of crops is determined by how much light they intercept and how efficiently they use it for carbon fixation; i.e., photosynthesis. The high-yielding rice cultivar, Akenohoshi, maintains a high photosynthetic rate in the middle of the day owing to its high hydraulic conductance in comparison with the elite commercial rice cultivar, Koshihikari. We developed 94 recombinant inbred lines derived from Akenohoshi and Koshihikari and measured their exudation rate to calculate hydraulic conductance to osmotic water transport in a paddy field. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for exudation rate was detected on the long arm of chromosome 2 at the heading and ripening stages. We developed chromosome segment substitution lines which carried Akenohoshi segments in the Koshihikari genetic background, and measured hydraulic conductance to both osmotic and passive water transport. The QTL was confirmed to be located within a region of about 4.2 Mbp on the distal end of long arm of chromosome 2. The Akenohoshi allele increased root surface area and hydraulic conductance, but didn't increase hydraulic conductivity of a plant. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

DOI： 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.08.014

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Quantitative trait loci for rice blast resistance detected in a local rice breeding population by genome-wide association mapping 査読

Hiroshi Shinada, Toshio Yamamoto, Hirokazu Sato, Eiji Yamamoto, Kiyosumi Hori, Junichi Yonemaru, Takashi Sato, Kenji Fujino

BREEDING SCIENCE   65 ( 5 )   388 - 395   2015年12月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：JAPANESE SOC BREEDING  

Plant breeding programs aim to develop cultivars with high adaptability to the specific conditions in a local region. As a result, unique genes and gene combinations have been accumulated in local elite breeding populations during the long history of plant breeding. Genetic analyses on such genes and combinations may be useful for developing new cultivars with more-desirable agronomic traits. Here, we attempted to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for rice blast resistance (BR) using a local breeding rice population from Hokkaido, Japan. Using genotyping data on single nucleotide polymorphisms and simple sequence repeat markers distributed throughout the whole genomic region, we detected genetic regions associated with phenotypic variation in BR by a genome-wide association mapping study (GWAS). An additional association analysis using other breeding cultivars verified the effect and inheritance of the associated region. Furthermore, the existence of a gene for BR in the associated region was confirmed by QTL mapping. The results from these studies enabled us to estimate potential of the Hokkaido rice population as a gene pool for improving BR. The results of this study could be useful for developing novel cultivars with vigorous BR in rice breeding programs.

DOI： 10.1270/jsbbs.65.388

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Natural Variation in the Flag Leaf Morphology of Rice Due to a Mutation of the NARROW LEAF 1 Gene in Oryza sativa L. 査読

Fumio Taguchi-Shiobara, Tatsuya Ota, Kaworu Ebana, Taiichiro Ookawa, Masanori Yamasaki, Takanari Tanabata, Utako Yamanouchi, Jianzhong Wu, Nozomi Ono, Yasunori Nonoue, Kazufumi Nagata, Shuichi Fukuoka, Hideyuki Hirabayashi, Toshio Yamamoto, Masahiro Yano

GENETICS   201 ( 2 )   795 - +   2015年10月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：GENETICS SOCIETY AMERICA  

We investigated the natural variations in the flag leaf morphology of rice. We conducted a principal component analysis based on nine flag leaf morphology traits using 103 accessions from the National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Core Collection. The first component explained 39% of total variance, and the variable with highest loading was the width of the flag leaf (WFL). A genome-wide association analysis of 102 diverse Japanese accessions revealed that marker RM6992 on chromosome 4 was highly associated with WFL. In analyses of progenies derived from a cross between Takanari and Akenohoshi, the most significant quantitative trait locus (QTL) for WFL was in a 10.3-kb region containing the NARROW LEAF 1 (NAL1) gene, located 0.4 Mb downstream of RM6992. Analyses of chromosomal segment substitution lines indicated that a mutation (G1509A single-nucleotide mutation, causing an R233H amino acid substitution in NAL1) was present at the QTL. This explained 13 and 20% of total variability in WFL and the distance between small vascular bundles, respectively. The mutation apparently occurred during rice domestication and spread into japonica, tropical japonica, and indica subgroups. Notably, one accession, Phulba, had a NAL1 allele encoding only the N-terminal, or one-fourth, of the wild-type peptide. Given that the Phulba allele and the histidine-type allele showed essentially the same phenotype, the histidine-type allele was regarded as malfunctional. The phenotypes of transgenic plants varied depending on the ratio of histidine-type alleles to arginine-type alleles, raising the possibility that H-233-type products function differently from and compete with R-233-type products.

DOI： 10.1534/genetics.115.181040

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Chromosomal locations of a gene underlying heat-accelerated brown spot formation and its suppressor genes in rice 査読

Atsunori Fukuda, Kazuhiko Sugimoto, Tsuyu Ando, Toshio Yamamoto, Masahiro Yano

MOLECULAR GENETICS AND GENOMICS   290 ( 3 )   1085 - 1094   2015年6月

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

Brown spots on mature leaves from the heading to ripening stages in rice are considered to be lesions induced by heat stress. However, there are few studies of lesions that are induced by heat stress rather than by pathogen infections. To understand the genetic background underlying such lesions, we used the chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) SL518, derived from a distant cross between rice cultivars Koshihikari (japonica) and Nona Bokra (indica). We observed brown spots on mature leaf blades of the CSSL, although the parents barely showed any spots. Spot formation in SL518 was accelerated by high temperature, suggesting that the candidate gene for spot formation is related to heat stress response. Using progeny derived from a cross between SL518 and Koshihikari, we mapped the causative gene, BROWN-SPOTTED LEAF 1 (BSPL1), on chromosome 5. We speculated that one or more Nona Bokra genes suppress spot formation caused by BSPL1 and identified candidate genomic regions on chromosomes 2 and 9 using a cross between a near-isogenic line for BSPL1 and other CSSLs possessing Nona Bokra segments in the Koshihikari genetic background. In conclusion, our data support the concept that multiple genes are complementarily involved in brown spot formation induced by heat stress and will be useful for cloning of the novel gene(s) related to the spot formation.

DOI： 10.1007/s00438-014-0975-5

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