Faculty Profiles - YAMASHITA Toru

Papers - YAMASHITA Toru

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A Unique Case with Oral Dyskinesia, Chorea, Ataxia, and Mild Cognitive Impairment with Caudate Atrophy and Characteristic Brain Calcifications. Reviewed

Nozomi Hishikawa, Yusuke Fukui, Kota Sato, Mami Takemoto, Toru Yamashita, Yasuyuki Ohta, Koji Abe

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 57 ( 16 ) 2399 - 2402 2018.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The authors report a man who developed oral dyskinesia at 46 years of age, followed by slowly progressive choreic movement and mild cognitive impairment over 20 years. He showed caudate atrophy and four types of intracranial calcification in the hippocampus (dot-like), cerebellar white matter (vague-mass), occipital cortices (laminar), and cerebral white matter (linear). Linear-calcification in the corona radiata seems to be deposition along small veins, which may be related to the white matter changes and to the decreased regional cerebral blood flow in the frontal and parietal lobes. The present case shows a slowly progressive disease with caudate atrophy and characteristic brain calcifications.

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.9454-17

A Japanese Encephalitis Patient Presenting with Parkinsonism with Corresponding Laterality of Magnetic Resonance and Dopamine Transporter Imaging Findings. Reviewed

Koh Tadokoro, Yasuyuki Ohta, Kota Sato, Takahiro Maeki, Ryo Sasaki, Yoshiaki Takahashi, Jingwei Shang, Mami Takemoto, Nozomi Hishikawa, Toru Yamashita, Chang Kweng Lim, Shigeru Tajima, Koji Abe

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 57 ( 15 ) 2243 - 2246 2018.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Japanese encephalitis (JE) survivors often present with nigrostriatal aftereffects with parkinsonian features. A 67-year-old woman with JE showed right-dominant clinical parkinsonism and left-dominant substantia nigra lesions after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging using 123I-labeled 2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-nortropane (123I-FP-CIT) revealed a corresponding left-dominant decrease. The present case is the first to reveal a clear match of laterality between clinical parkinsonism, MRI-based substantia nigra lesions, and impaired DAT in presynaptic dopaminergic neurons in JE.

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.0337-17

Therapeutic Effects of Pretreatment with Tocovid on Oxidative Stress in Postischemic Mice Brain. Reviewed International journal

Jingwei Shang, Hongjing Yan, Yang Jiao, Yasuyuki Ohta, Xia Liu, Xianghong Li, Ryuta Morihara, Yumiko Nakano, Yusuke Fukui, Xiaowen Shi, Yong Huang, Tian Feng, Mami Takemoto, Kota Sato, Nozomi Hishikawa, Toru Yamashita, Koji Abe

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 27 ( 8 ) 2096 - 2105 2018.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Dietary supplement is an attempt to reduce the risk of ischemic stroke in high-risk population. A new mixed vitamin E-Tocovid that mainly contains tocotrienols other than tocopherol, attenuated the progression of white matter lesions by oral in humans. However, the effect of Tocovid on ischemic stroke has not been examined. In the present study, we assessed the therapeutic effects of Tocovid pretreatment on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After pretreatment with Tocovid (200 mg/kg/d) or vehicle for 1 month, 60-minute tMCAO was performed, and these mice were examined at 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days after reperfusion. We histologically assessed the effects of Tocovid pretreatment on the expressive changes of oxidative stress markers, cleaved caspase-3, and LC3-II after tMCAO in mice. RESULTS: We observed that Tocovid pretreatment significantly improved the rotarod time, reduced infarct volume, decreased the number of 4-HNE, nitrotyrosine, and 8-OhdG positive cells, inhibited advanced glycation end products biomarkers RAGE, CMA, and CML expressions, and increased Nrf2 and MRP1 levels with GSSG/GSH ratio decrease. Furthermore, Tocovid pretreatment greatly decreased cleaved caspase-3 and LC3-II expressions after tMCAO. CONCLUSIONS: The present study obviously demonstrated that Tocovid pretreatment showed neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress and at least in part by antiapoptotic/autophagic cell death in ischemic mice brain.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.03.012

Detecting spinal pyramidal tract of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with diffusion tensor tractography. Reviewed International journal

Yusuke Fukui, Nozomi Hishikawa, Kota Sato, Yumiko Nakano, Ryuta Morihara, Jingwei Shang, Mami Takemoto, Yasuyuki Ohta, Toru Yamashita, Koji Abe

Neuroscience research 133 58 - 63 2018.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The objective of this study was to determine alteration of corticospinal tract in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using diffusion tensor tractograhy (DTT) focusing on the cervical spinal cord (C5) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We recruited 38 ALS, 6 spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), 7 spastic paraplegia (SP) patients, and 8 age-matched normal controls, and then ALS were divided into two subgroups according to their clinical type: 28 ALS-limb and 10 ALS-bulbar. DTT was performed using the diffusion tensor image (DTI) track module to reconstruct two fiber tracts via C5. The fractional anisotropy (FA) values of ALS-total and ALS-limb patients were significantly reduced compared with normal controls, and SBMA patients. On the other hand, the mean diffusivity (MD) values were not significantly different among normal controls and the three disease groups. The rate of disease progression (ΔFRS-R) of ALS patients was significantly correlated with FA values and central motor conduction time (CMCT). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated a significant reduction of FA values in ALS patients, and the ΔFRS-R of ALS patients showed distinct regressions with FA values and CMCT, suggesting that this DTT analysis could be useful for detecting disease progression of ALS patients.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neures.2017.11.005

Neuroprotective Effects of Tocovid Pretreatment in a Mouse Stroke Model. Reviewed International journal

Yang Jiao, Jingwei Shang, Yasuyuki Ohta, Hongjing Yan, Xia Liu, Xianghong Li, Ryuta Morihara, Yumiko Nakano, Yusuke Fukui, Xiaowen Shi, Yong Huang, Tian Feng, Mami Takemoto, Kota Sato, Nozomi Hishikawa, Toru Yamashita, Koji Abe

Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association 27 ( 8 ) 2166 - 2174 2018.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: Tocovid is a new combination of tocotrienols and tocopherol, both of which are neuroprotective agents for preventing cerebral infarction in mice. However, the effects of tocovid on anti-inflammation in ischemic model remain elusive. In the present study, we assessed the effects of Tocovid pretreatment on anti-inflammatory effects after transient middle cerebral occlusion (tMCAO) in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the therapeutic and anti-inflammatory effects of tocovid pretreatment (200 mg/kg per day, for 1 month) on mice brain under 60 minutes of tMCAO. The expressive changes of inflammatory markers were observed after tMCAO in mice. RESULTS: Tocovid pretreatment greatly improved the mice neurobehaviors, reduced infarct volumes and decreased expressions of inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and ionized calcium binding adapter molecule-1 (Iba-1), and improved the damage of neurovascular units including matrix metallopeptidase 9, IgG and collagen IV after tMCAO. CONCLUSIONS: Our present findings demonstrated that oral tocovid pretreatment showed obviously neuroprotective and at least in part by anti-inflammatory effects in ischemic mice brain.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.03.014

Two cases of late onset familial amyloid polyneuropathy with a Glu61Lys transthyretin variant. Reviewed International journal

Yumiko Nakano, Koh Tadokoro, Yasuyuki Ohta, Kota Sato, Mami Takemoto, Nozomi Hishikawa, Toru Yamashita, Taro Yamashita, Yukio Ando, Koji Abe

Journal of the neurological sciences 390 22 - 25 2018.7

A new familial distal myopathy in Japan with predominant upper extremities. Reviewed International journal

Yoshiaki Takahashi, Yasuyuki Ohta, Ryo Sasaki, Kou Tadokoro, Kota Sato, Jingwei Shang, Mami Takemoto, Nozomi Hishikawa, Toru Yamashita, Ichizo Nishino, Koji Abe

Journal of the neurological sciences 390 205 - 207 2018.7

Fulminant Guillain-Barre syndrome with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: Report of an autopsied case

Mami Takemoto, Toru Yamashita, Yasuyuki Ohta, Nozomi Hishikawa, Kota Sato, Keiichiro Tsunoda, Jingwei Shang, Kentaro Deguchi, Takehiro Tanaka, Hirotake Nishimura, Masumi Furutani, Koji Abe

NEUROLOGY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 6 ( 4 ) 117 - 119 2018.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

We report a case of a 77-year-old Japanese man with a fever of up to 39.0 degrees C, which subsided after 5 days. The patient showed fulminant Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS), severe autonomic dysfunction with a labile blood pressure, an unstable heart rate from onset to death, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Although Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was ameliorated by Day 14 (from admission in the hospital) with a normalized electrocardiogram, his blood pressure became markedly more variable and he died on Day 26. In the present report, we describe an autopsied case of GBS with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

DOI： 10.1111/ncn3.12197

A unique telephone support system for dementia patients and their caregivers managed in Japan (Okayama Dementia Call Center, ODCC)

Yumiko Nakano, Nozomi Hishikawa, Keiko Sakamoto, Yoko Myoraku, Yoshinori Ozaki, Mami Takemoto, Kota Sato, Toru Yamashita, Yasuyuki Ohta, Koji Abe

NEUROLOGY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 6 ( 4 ) 100 - 103 2018.7

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Background: Despite a rapidly increasing prevalence of dementia, social support systems for dementia patients and their caregivers are insufficient.Aim: To investigate a telephone support system for dementia patients and their caregivers managed by a local public association, the Okayama Dementia Call Center (ODCC).Methods: A total of 1485 phone calls were retrospectively surveyed over 4 years (from June 2011 to May 2014) and were divided into four annual periods.Results: The average consulting time of each of the 1485 phone calls was 20.2 14.7 min. The chief complaint was distress related to dementia symptoms (56.2%), mainly from the children (66.7%) and spouses (17.5%) of dementia patients. With respect to management of ODCC for these clients, the proportion of providing advice has decreased (66.1 to 47.7%) as that of listening time increased (22.7 to 46.1%).Conclusion: The present unique telephone call system (ODCC) may supplement an insufficient social support, and may play an important role in the community care system, enabling people with dementia to live comfortably in their local community.

DOI： 10.1111/ncn3.12200

Clinical predictors of Alzheimer's disease progression. Reviewed

Nozomi Hishikawa, Yusuke Fukui, Mami Takemoto, Kota Sato, Jingwei Shang, Toru Yamashita, Yasuyuki Ohta, Koji Abe

Geriatrics & gerontology international 18 ( 6 ) 929 - 936 2018.6

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

AIM: Rates of disease progression differ among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), but prognostic predictions remain a challenge. We carried out a clinic-based retrospective study to investigate the clinical factors for AD progression. METHODS: The 748 AD patients, who attended our hospital for >1 year and were given the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) at least three times, were divided into three groups according to the annual change rate of MMSE score (G): Aggravater group (G < -2), Stabler group (-2 ≤ G ≤ 2) and Improver group (2 < G). We compared the three groups on cognitive, affective and activities of daily living functions, response to medication, clinical fluctuations, serum levels of metabolic factors, and neuroimaging data. RESULTS: We found no significant differences in age, sex, educational attainment or body mass index across the groups. The Aggravater group showed better baseline MMSE (P < 0.01) and Abe's behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (P < 0.01) scores than the Improver group, but its MMSE improvement after drug treatment was the worst among the three groups (P < 0.01 vs Stabler/Improver). Fluctuations in MMSE (P < 0.01), apathy scale (P < 0.05) and activities of daily living (P < 0.01) scores were smaller in the Improver group than in the Aggravater or Stabler groups. Serum docosahexaenoic acid levels tended to be lower (trend P < 0.05) and voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease Z-scores tended to be higher (trend P < 0.05) in the Improver group than in the Stabler or Aggravater groups. CONCLUSIONS: Initial responses to medication, fluctuations in cognitive, affective and activities of daily living functions, serum docosahexaenoic acid levels, and medial temporal atrophy are clinical factors related to AD prognosis. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 929-936.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13286

A mild myopathy with anti-SRP plus anti-PL-12 antibodies successfully treated by oral steroid monotherapy. Reviewed International journal

Koh Tadokoro, Yasuyuki Ohta, Ryo Sasaki, Yoshiaki Takahashi, Kota Sato, Jingwei Shang, Mami Takemoto, Nozomi Hishikawa, Toru Yamashita, Keigo Hayashi, Michiko Morishita, Ichizo Nishino, Koji Abe

Journal of the neurological sciences 388 7 - 9 2018.5

Anti-MuSK Antibody-positive Myasthenia Gravis Successfully Treated with Outpatient Periodic Weekly Blood Purification Therapy. Reviewed

Kentaro Deguchi, Kosuke Matsuzono, Yumiko Nakano, Syoichiro Kono, Kota Sato, Shoko Deguchi, Katsuyuki Tanabe, Nozomi Hishikawa, Yasuyuki Ota, Toru Yamashita, Kiyoe Ohta, Masakatsu Motomura, Koji Abe

Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 57 ( 10 ) 1455 - 1458 2018.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

A 37-year-old man with anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibody-positive myasthenia gravis (MG) presented with subacute progressive dysphagia and muscle weakness of the neck and bilateral upper extremities. Conventional immune-suppressive treatments and high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin were ineffective. He then displayed repeated exacerbations and remissions over the course of two years, despite two to four sessions of plasma exchange (PE) every two months. The patient was successfully treated with outpatient periodic weekly blood purification therapy with alternative PE and double-filtration plasmapheresis using an internal shunt. This case report suggests the benefits of blood purification therapy with an internal shunt against anti-MuSK antibody-positive MG.

DOI： 10.2169/internalmedicine.9466-17

A case of bilateral internal carotid artery dissection in young adult with cranial nerve IX and X palsies

Ryo Sasaki, Toru Yamashita, Yoshiaki Takahashi, Jingwei Shang, Kota Sato, Mami Takemoto, Nozomi Hishikawa, Yasuyuki Ohta, Koji Abe

NEUROLOGY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 6 ( 3 ) 80 - 82 2018.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection is a major cause of cerebral infarction in young adult and usually presents cervical pain and headache, but rarely presents cranial nerve palsy. Here, we report a case of rare bilateral ICA dissections in young adult with cranial nerve IX and X palsies as initial symptom. He presented dysarthria and nasal voice at an early stage, followed by a small brain infarction. The cranial nerve palsy was improved in parallel with the improvement of ICA stenosis and dilatation. It is important to know that cranial nerve palsy can be one of the symptoms of ICA dissection for appropriate treatment.

DOI： 10.1111/ncn3.12187

Case of acromegalic myopathy and arthropathy long after trans-sphenoidal surgery

Ryo Sasaki, Toru Yamashita, Yoshiaki Takahashi, Kota Sato, Mami Takemoto, Nozomi Hishikawa, Yasuyuki Ohta, Koji Abe

NEUROLOGY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 6 ( 3 ) 77 - 79 2018.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

Acromegaly patients usually show impaired vision, the enlargement of hands and feet, heart failure, and diabetes and rarely show myopathy (weakness and muscle pain) and arthropathy (joint pain). Here, we report an acromegaly patient who showed progressive myopathy and arthropathy long after a Hardy operation. The symptoms of myopathy and arthropathy occurred under normal GH and high IGF-1 levels, but these symptoms improved when the IGF-1 level was normalized by a treatment of octreotide with an increased dose of 30-40 mg. Thus, strict and immediate control of IGH-1 may be pivotally important to prevent and treat acromegalic myopathy and arthropathy.

DOI： 10.1111/ncn3.12191

A novel presenilin 1 mutation (Leu418Trp) associated with spasticity, parkinsonism, and white matter lesion in a dominant Alzheimer's family. Reviewed International journal

Yoshiaki Takahashi, Yasuyuki Ohta, Ryo Sasaki, Kou Tadokoro, Kota Sato, Jingwei Shang, Mami Takemoto, Nozomi Hishikawa, Toru Yamashita, Takashi Haraguchi, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Koji Abe

Journal of the neurological sciences 387 166 - 169 2018.4

Familial and sporadic chronic progressive degenerative parietal ataxia. Reviewed International journal

Ryuta Morihara, Toru Yamashita, Kentaro Deguchi, Tomoko Kurata, Emi Nomura, Kota Sato, Yumiko Nakano, Yasuyuki Ohta, Nozomi Hishikawa, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Masataka Kitaguchi, Koji Abe

Journal of the neurological sciences 387 70 - 74 2018.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Parietal ataxia has been mainly reported as a consequence of acute ischemic stroke, while degenerative parietal ataxia has not been reported. METHODS: We investigated clinical characteristics, neuroimaging data, and genetic analysis of patients with cerebellar ataxia plus parietal atrophy. RESULTS: We identified seven patients, including five patients from two families, with chronic progressive cerebellar ataxia due to degenerative parietal atrophy but not stroke. Age at onset of ataxia was 57.6 ± 6.9 years. All patients showed chronic progressive cerebellar ataxia with severity of ataxic gait > limb ataxia > dysarthria. Patients showed no cognitive dysfunction, muscle weakness, or parkinsonism, and only two patients showed mild sensory disturbances. The seven patients showed lateralized limb ataxia with greater contralateral parietal lobe atrophy by magnetic resonance imaging, and hypoperfusion by single photon emission computed tomography, without any abnormal cerebellar pathology (i.e., crossed cerebellar diaschisis). Pathogenic mutations in the microtubule-associated protein tau gene were not found using two single nucleotide polymorphisms. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description showing unique clinical features of familial and sporadic chronic progressive degenerative parietal ataxia.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jns.2018.01.031

Accelerating Cell Therapy for Stroke in Japan: Regulatory Framework and Guidelines on Development of Cell-Based Products. Reviewed International journal

Kiyohiro Houkin, Hideo Shichinohe, Koji Abe, Teruyo Arato, Mari Dezawa, Osamu Honmou, Nobutaka Horie, Yasuo Katayama, Kohsuke Kudo, Satoshi Kuroda, Tomohiro Matsuyama, Ichiro Miyai, Izumi Nagata, Kuniyasu Niizuma, Ken Sakushima, Masanori Sasaki, Norihiro Sato, Kenji Sawanobori, Satoshi Suda, Akihiko Taguchi, Teiji Tominaga, Haruko Yamamoto, Toru Yamashita, Toshiki Yoshimine

Stroke 49 ( 4 ) e145-e152 2018.4

Case of congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 1 with progressive cerebellar ataxia

Toru Yamashita, Yoshiaki Takahashi, Keiichiro Tsunoda, Emi Nomura, Jingwei Shang, Kota Sato, Mami Takemoto, Nozomi Hishikawa, Yasuyuki Ohta, Koji Abe

NEUROLOGY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 6 ( 2 ) 48 - 50 2018.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：WILEY

A 70-year-old women presented classical CEFOM1 phenotypes such as bilateral ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia, but also progressive cerebellar ataxia, carrying a previously reported heterozygous missense mutation of KIF21A p.Arg941Gln. The present case is the first report of CFEOM1 showing cerebellar atrophy with hypoperfusion, mainly of the vermis, indicating that cerebellar function should be carefully evaluated in CFFOM1 patients.

DOI： 10.1111/ncn3.12178

Transarterial chemoembolization with miriplatin vs. epirubicin for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase III randomized trial. Reviewed

Masafumi Ikeda, Masatoshi Kudo, Hiroshi Aikata, Hiroaki Nagamatsu, Hiroshi Ishii, Osamu Yokosuka, Takuji Torimura, Manabu Morimoto, Kenji Ikeda, Hiromitsu Kumada, Tosiya Sato, Ikuko Kawai, Toru Yamashita, Hiroshi Horio, Takuji Okusaka

Journal of gastroenterology 53 ( 2 ) 281 - 290 2018.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: This prospective study investigated the superiority of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with miriplatin over TACE with epirubicin regarding overall survival (OS) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Patients with unresectable HCC were randomized 1:1 to receive TACE with miriplatin or epirubicin in lipiodol. The primary endpoint was OS; secondary endpoints were percentages of patients who achieved treatment effect (TE) 4 (100% necrotizing effect or tumor reduction), duration of time to TACE failure, and adverse events (AEs). OS was compared using a stratified log-rank test adjusted for clinical stage, Child-Pugh class, and institution. RESULTS: Of 257 patients enrolled from August 2008 to August 2010, 247 were analyzed for efficacy and toxicity (miriplatin, n = 124; epirubicin, n = 123). Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the two groups. Median OS times were 1111 days for miriplatin and 1127 days for epirubicin (adjusted hazard ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.73-1.40, P = 0.946). TE4 rates were 44.4% for miriplatin and 37.4% for epirubicin. Median times to TACE failure were 365.5 days for miriplatin and 414.0 days for epirubicin. AEs of grade 3 or higher, including elevated aspartate aminotransferase (miriplatin, 39.5%; epirubicin, 57.7%) and elevated alanine aminotransferase (miriplatin, 31.5%; epirubicin, 53.7%), were less frequent in the miriplatin than the epirubicin group. CONCLUSIONS: OS after TACE with miriplatin was not superior to that after TACE with epirubicin; however, hepatic AEs were less frequent with miriplatin. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: JapicCTI-080632.

DOI： 10.1007/s00535-017-1374-6

Different Associations of Plasma Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, Vascular Dementia, and Ischemic Stroke. Reviewed International journal

Jingwei Shang, Toru Yamashita, Yusuke Fukui, Dongjing Song, Xianghong Li, Yun Zhai, Yumiko Nakano, Ryuta Morihara, Nozomi Hishikawa, Yasuyuki Ohta, Koji Abe

Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) 14 ( 1 ) 29 - 34 2018.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cognitive and cerebrovascular diseases are common in the elderly, but differences in the plasma levels and associations of plasma biomarkers in these diseases remain elusive. METHODS: The present study investigated differences in plasma fatty acids [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)], adiponectin, reptin, plasma markers of inflammation [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and serum amyloid A (serum AA)], and plasma lipids [high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)] in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n=266), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n=44), vascular dementia (VaD) (n=33), and ischemic stroke (IS) (n=200) in comparison to normal controls (n=130). RESULTS: The serological data showed that lower EPA and DHA levels and higher reptin and LDL levels were associated with AD and IS, the reptin/adiponectin ratio was strongly associated with IS, the hsCRP level was more strongly associated with VaD and IS, and the serum AA level was associated with all three cognitive diseases and IS. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of differences in the expression levels of plasma biomarkers and peripheral arterial tonometry among AD, MCI, VaD, and IS patients and normal controls. These different associations indicate that diverse pathological mechanisms underlie these diseases.

DOI： 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.1.29

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