Faculty Profiles - SHIEN Kazuhiko

Papers - SHIEN Kazuhiko

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YES1 activation induces acquired resistance to neratinib in HER2 ‐amplified breast and lung cancers Reviewed International journal

Tatsuaki Takeda, Hiromasa Yamamoto, Ken Suzawa, Shuta Tomida, Shunsaku Miyauchi, Kota Araki, Kentaro Nakata, Akihiro Miura, Kei Namba, Kazuhiko Shien, Junichi Soh, Tadahiko Shien, Yoshihisa Kitamura, Toshiaki Sendo, Shinichi Toyooka

Cancer Science 111 ( 3 ) 849 - 856 2020.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

Molecular-targeted therapies directed against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are evolving for various cancers. Neratinib is an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor and has been approved by the FDA as an effective drug for HER2-positive breast cancer. However, acquired resistance of various cancers to molecular-targeted drugs is an issue of clinical concern, and emergence of resistance to neratinib is also considered inevitable. In this study, we established various types of neratinib-resistant cell lines from HER2-amplified breast and lung cancer cell lines using several drug exposure conditions. We analyzed the mechanisms of emergence of the resistance in these cell lines and explored effective strategies to overcome the resistance. Our results revealed that amplification of YES1, which is a member of the SRC family, was amplified in two neratinib-resistant breast cancer cell lines and one lung cancer cell line. Knockdown of YES1 by siRNA and pharmacological inhibition of YES1 by dasatinib restored the sensitivity of the YES1-amplified cell lines to neratinib in vitro. Combined treatment with dasatinib and neratinib inhibited tumor growth in vivo. This combination also induced downregulation of signaling molecules such as HER2, AKT and MAPK. Our current results indicate that YES1 plays an important role in the emergence of resistance to HER2-targeted drugs, and that dasatinib enables such acquired resistance to neratinib to be overcome.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.14289

妊婦に合併した縦隔成熟奇形腫に対して手術を行った1例

宮内俊策, 枝園和彦, 宗淳一, 山本寛斉, 山根正修, 豊岡伸一

日本呼吸器外科学会雑誌 33 ( 6 ) 624 - 628 2019.9

Language：Japanese Publisher：(NPO)日本呼吸器外科学会

縦隔成熟奇形腫は無症状で検診発見されることが多いが、時に急速に増大することがある。今回我々は、妊婦に合併し急速に増大したため妊娠中に手術を施行した症例を経験した。症例は27歳、女性。検診で胸部異常陰影を指摘され当科受診となった。初診時、患者は妊娠10週の妊婦であった。胸部X線写真で右上肺野中枢側に8cm大の腫瘤影、単純MRIで前縦隔に10cm大の多房性嚢胞性病変を認め、成熟奇形腫が疑われた。右前胸部痛が出現しており、腫瘍の急速な増大が考えられ手術の方針とした。手術は妊娠15週に胸骨正中切開で縦隔腫瘍摘出術、右肺上葉・心膜合併部分切除術を施行した。腫瘍は成熟奇形腫の診断で未熟成分や悪性所見は認めなかった。術後経過は良好で、妊娠40週で正常分娩に至った。妊娠と急速増大との因果関係は不明であるが、本症例のような場合でも術前検査や手術時期・方法に注意すれば妊娠中でも安全に手術が行えると考える。(著者抄録)

Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J02256&link_issn=&doc_id=20190920300008&doc_link_id=10.2995%2Fjacsurg.33.624&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.2995%2Fjacsurg.33.624&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

Acquired resistance mechanisms to afatinib in HER 2 ‐amplified gastric cancer cells Reviewed International journal

Takahiro Yoshioka, Kazuhiko Shien, Tatsuaki Takeda, Yuta Takahashi, Eisuke Kurihara, Yusuke Ogoshi, Kei Namba, Hidejiro Torigoe, Hiroki Sato, Shuta Tomida, Hiromasa Yamamoto, Junichi Soh, Toshiyoshi Fujiwara, Shinichi Toyooka

Cancer Science 110 ( 8 ) 2549 - 2557 2019.8

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

Cancer treatment, especially that for breast and lung cancer, has entered a new era and continues to evolve, with the development of genome analysis technology and the advent of molecular targeted drugs including tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Nevertheless, acquired drug resistance to molecular targeted drugs is unavoidable, creating a clinically challenging problem. We recently reported the antitumor effect of a pan-HER inhibitor, afatinib, against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-amplified gastric cancer cells. The purpose of the present study was to identify the mechanisms of acquired afatinib resistance and to investigate the treatment strategies for HER2-amplified gastric cancer cells. Two afatinib-resistant gastric cancer cell lines were established from 2 HER2-amplified cell lines, N87 and SNU216. Subsequently, we investigated the molecular profiles of resistant cells. The activation of the HER2 pathway was downregulated in N87-derived resistant cells, whereas it was upregulated in SNU216-derived resistant cells. In the N87-derived cell line, both MET and AXL were activated, and combination treatment with afatinib and cabozantinib, a multikinase inhibitor that inhibits MET and AXL, suppressed the cell growth of cells with acquired resistance both in vitro and in vivo. In the SNU216-derived cell line, YES1, which is a member of the Src family, was remarkably activated, and dasatinib, a Src inhibitor, exerted a strong antitumor effect in these cells. In conclusion, we identified MET and AXL activation in addition to YES1 activation as novel mechanisms of afatinib resistance in HER2-driven gastric cancer. Our results also indicated that treatment strategies targeting individual mechanisms of resistance are key to overcoming such resistance.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.14089

Critical role of the MCAM-ETV4 axis triggered by extracellular S100A8/A9 in breast cancer aggressiveness. Reviewed International journal

Chen Y, Sumardika IW, Tomonobu N, Kinoshita R, Inoue Y, Iioka H, Mitsui Y, Saito K, Ruma IMW, Sato H, Yamauchi A, Murata H, Yamamoto KI, Tomida S, Sakaguchi M

Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) 21 ( 7 ) 627 - 640 2019.5

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Metastatic breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death in women. The progression of this fatal disease is associated with inflammatory responses that promote cancer cell growth and dissemination, eventually leading to a reduction of overall survival. However, the mechanism(s) of the inflammation-boosted cancer progression remains unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that an extracellular cytokine, S100A8/A9, accelerates breast cancer growth and metastasis upon binding to a cell surface receptor, melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM). Our molecular analyses revealed an important role of ETS translocation variant 4 (ETV4), which is significantly activated in the region downstream of MCAM upon S100A8/A9 stimulation, in breast cancer progression in vitro as well as in vivo. The MCAM-mediated activation of ETV4 induced a mobile phenotype called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cells, since we found that ETV4 transcriptionally upregulates ZEB1, a strong EMT inducer, at a very high level. In contrast, downregulation of either MCAM or ETV4 repressed EMT, resulting in greatly weakened tumor growth and lung metastasis. Overall, our results revealed that ETV4 is a novel transcription factor regulated by the S100A8/A9-MCAM axis, which leads to EMT through ZEB1 and thereby to metastasis in breast cancer cells. Thus, therapeutic strategies based on our findings might improve patient outcomes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neo.2019.04.006

Droplet digital PCR as a novel system for the detection of microRNA‑34b/c methylation in circulating DNA in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Reviewed International journal

Sato H, Soh J, Aoe K, Fujimoto N, Tanaka S, Namba K, Torigoe H, Shien K, Yamamoto H, Tomida S, Tao H, Okabe K, Kishimoto T, Toyooka S

International journal of oncology 54 ( 6 ) 2139 - 2148 2019.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare malignancy arising from the pleura that is difficult to diagnose, contributing to its dismal prognosis. Previously, we reported that the degree of microRNA (miR)‑34b/c methylation in circulating DNA is associated with the development of MPM. Herein, we present a newly developed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)‑based assay for the detection of miR‑34b/c methylation in circulating DNA in patients with MPM. We originally prepared two probes within a short amplicon of 60 bp, designing one from the positive strand and the other from the complementary strand. The two probes functioned cooperatively, and our established assay detected DNA methylation accurately in the preliminary validation. We subsequently verified this assay using clinical samples. Serum samples from 35 cases of MPM, 29 cases of pleural plaque and 10 healthy volunteers were collected from 3 different institutions and used in this study. We divided the samples into 2 groups (group A, n=33; group B, n=41). A receiver‑operating characteristic curve analysis using the samples in group A determined the optimal cut‑off value for the diagnosis of MPM, with a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 90%. On the other hand, the use of the same criterion yielded a sensitivity of 59.1% and a specificity of 100% in group B, and corresponding values of 65.7 and 94.9% for the entire cohort, indicating a moderate sensitivity and a high specificity. In addition, when the analysis was focused on stage II or more advanced MPM, the sensitivity improved to 81.8%, suggesting the possibility that the methylated allele frequency in MPM may be associated with the stage of disease progression. On the whole, the findings of this study indicate that miR‑34b/c methylation in circulating DNA is a promising biomarker for the prediction of disease progression in patients with MPM.

DOI： 10.3892/ijo.2019.4768

Ganetespib in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-resistant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Reviewed International journal

Kurihara E, Shien K, Torigoe H, Takeda T, Takahashi Y, Ogoshi Y, Yoshioka T, Namba K, Sato H, Suzawa K, Yamamoto H, Soh J, Okazaki M, Shien T, Tomida S, Toyooka S

Anticancer research 39 ( 4 ) 1767 - 1775 2019.4

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: The 90-kDa heat-shock protein (HSP90) is a chaperone protein expressed at high levels in cancer cells and is involved in the folding or stabilization of several client proteins, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Ganetespib is a second-generation HSP90 inhibitor with a potent antitumor effect against various cancer types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study examined the antitumor effect of ganetespib in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and experimentally established EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant cells harboring various resistance mechanisms, including EGFR T790M mutation, met proto-oncogene amplification, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. RESULTS: Ganetespib showed a potent antitumor effect at low concentrations, suppressing EGFR-related downstream pathway molecules and inducing cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase in all examined EGFR-TKI-resistant cell lines in vitro. Ganetespib also inhibited in vivo tumor growth in resistant cells harboring EGFR T790M. CONCLUSION: Ganetespib might be a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC.

DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.13283

Pulmonary resection in a prone position for lung cancer invading the spine. Reviewed

Miyauchi S, Soh J, Shien K, Tanaka M, Yamamoto H, Ozaki T, Toyooka S

General thoracic and cardiovascular surgery 68 ( 3 ) 298 - 301 2019.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The prone position is usually not selected for pulmonary resection. The intraoperative body position is an important issue in surgery for non-small cell lung cancer invading the spine because the standard intraoperative body position for a vertebrectomy is a prone position, while that for a pulmonary resection is a lateral decubitus position. Intraoperative changes in body position can cause several complications. Using an O-arm with a navigation system, a partial vertebrectomy was completed with the patient in a prone position thanks to the recognition of accurate surgical margins in the vertebral body; then, without changing the patient's body position, a lobectomy with systemic lymph node dissection was performed via a posterior approach. Especially for procedures requiring a wide resection of the chest wall, a prone position can be selected for a lobectomy with systemic lymph node dissection via a posterior approach without any significant difficulties.

DOI： 10.1007/s11748-019-01113-7

Melanoma cell adhesion molecule is the driving force behind the dissemination of melanoma upon S100A8/A9 binding in the original skin lesion. Reviewed International journal

Chen Y, Sumardika IW, Tomonobu N, Winarsa Ruma IM, Kinoshita R, Kondo E, Inoue Y, Sato H, Yamauchi A, Murata H, Yamamoto KI, Tomida S, Shien K, Sakaguchi M

Cancer letters 452 178 - 190 2019.3

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Since metastasis accounts for the majority of cancer-associated deaths, studies on the mechanisms of metastasis are needed to establish innovative strategies for cancer treatment. We previously reported that melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) functions as a critical receptor for S100A8/A9, and binding of S100A8/A9 to MCAM results in the migration of melanoma cells to lung tissue. However, the critical role of MCAM in the original melanoma skin lesion is still not clear. In this study, we aimed to determine the importance of the S100A8/A9-MCAM axis in melanoma dissemination in a skin lesion as a critical early step for metastasis. Mechanistic studies revealed the downstream signaling of MCAM that signaled the induction of metastasis. S100A8/A9-MCAM binding activates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 (MAP3K8), also termed TPL2, leading to strong activation of the transcription factor ETV4 and subsequent induction of matrix metalloproteinase-25 (MMP25), and finally to induction of melanoma lung tropic metastasis. Collectively, our results demonstrate a crucial role of the S100A8/A9-MCAM signaling axis in metastatic onset of melanoma cells and indicate that strategies targeting the identified pathway may be useful for the establishment of innovative anti-cancer therapies.

DOI： 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.03.023

Activation of AXL as a Preclinical Acquired Resistance Mechanism Against Osimertinib Treatment in EGFR-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Reviewed International journal

Kei Namba, Kazuhiko Shien, Yuta Takahashi, Hidejiro Torigoe, Hiroki Sato, Takahiro Yoshioka, Tatsuaki Takeda, Eisuke Kurihara, Yusuke Ogoshi, Hiromasa Yamamoto, Junichi Soh, Shuta Tomida, Shinichi Toyooka

Molecular Cancer Research 17 ( 2 ) 499 - 507 2019.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：American Association for Cancer Research ({AACR})

Osimertinib (AZD9291) has an efficacy superior to that of standard EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the first-line treatment of patients with EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, patients treated with osimertinib eventually acquire drug resistance, and novel therapeutic strategies to overcome acquired resistance are needed. In clinical or preclinical models, several mechanisms of acquired resistance to osimertinib have been elucidated. However, the acquired resistance mechanisms when osimertinib is initially used for EGFR-mutant NSCLC remain unclear. In this study, we experimentally established acquired osimertinib-resistant cell lines from EGFR-mutant NSCLC cell lines and investigated the molecular profiles of resistant cells to uncover the mechanisms of acquired resistance. Various resistance mechanisms were identified, including the acquisition of MET amplification, EMT induction, and the upregulation of AXL. Using targeted next-generation sequencing with a multigene panel, no secondary mutations were detected in our resistant cell lines. Among three MET-amplified cell lines, one cell line was sensitive to a combination of osimertinib and crizotinib. Acquired resistance cell lines derived from H1975 harboring the T790M mutation showed AXL upregulation, and the cell growth of these cell lines was suppressed by a combination of osimertinib and cabozantinib, an inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases including AXL, both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that AXL might be a therapeutic target for overcoming acquired resistance to osimertinib. IMPLICATIONS: Upregulation of AXL is one of the mechanisms of acquired resistance to osimertinib, and combination of osimertinib and cabozantinib might be a key treatment for overcoming osimertinib resistance.

DOI： 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-18-0628

Application of amplicon-based targeted sequencing with the molecular barcoding system to detect uncommon minor EGFR mutations in patients with treatment-naïve lung adenocarcinoma. Reviewed International journal

Namba K, Tomida S, Matsubara T, Takahashi Y, Kurihara E, Ogoshi Y, Yoshioka T, Takeda T, Torigoe H, Sato H, Shien K, Yamamoto H, Soh J, Tsukuda K, Toyooka S

BMC cancer 19 ( 1 ) 175 - 175 2019.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

BACKGROUND: In lung cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitizing mutations co-existing with rare minor EGFR mutations are known as compound mutations. These minor EGFR mutations can lead to acquired resistance after EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment, so determining the mutation status of patients is important. However, using amplicon-based targeted deep sequencing based on next-generation sequencing to characterize mutations is prone to sequencing error. We therefore assessed the benefit of incorporating molecular barcoding with high-throughput sequencing to investigate genomic heterogeneity in treatment-naïve patients who have undergone resection of their non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) EGFR mutations. METHODS: We performed amplicon-based targeted sequencing with the molecular barcoding system (MBS) to detect major common EGFR mutations and uncommon minor mutations at a 0.5% allele frequency in fresh-frozen lung cancer samples. RESULTS: Profiles of the common mutations of EGFR identified by MBS corresponded with the results of clinical testing in 63 (98.4%) out of 64 cases. Uncommon mutations of EGFR were detected in seven cases (10.9%). Among the three types of major EGFR mutations, patients with the G719X mutation had a significantly higher incidence of compound mutations than those with the L858R mutation or exon 19 deletion (p = 0.0052). This was validated in an independent cohort from the Cancer Genome Atlas dataset (p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using the MBS to establish an accurate NSCLC patient genotype. This work will help understand the molecular basis of EGFR compound mutations in NSCLC, and could aid the development of new treatment modalities.

DOI： 10.1186/s12885-019-5374-1

Clinical outcome of patients with recurrent non-small cell lung cancer after trimodality therapy. Reviewed

Suzawa K, Soh J, Takahashi Y, Sato H, Shien K, Yamamoto H, Kanazawa S, Kiura K, Miyoshi S, Toyooka S

Surgery today 49 ( 7 ) 601 - 609 2019.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

PURPOSES: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical course of patients with recurrence after induction chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery (trimodality therapy) for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) and to identify the factors associated with favorable clinical outcome after recurrence. METHODS: We analyzed the records of 140 patients with LA-NSCLC who were treated with trimodality therapy between 1999 and 2014. RESULTS: Recurrence developed after trimodality therapy in 48 patients. A yp-N positive status was associated with a high risk of recurrence (HR, 2.05; P = 0.048). Of the 45 of these patients able to be assessed retrospectively, 18 had oligometastatic recurrence and 20 underwent local treatment with curative intent. Local treatment was most frequently given to patients with oligometastatic recurrence (P < 0.001). The median post-recurrence survival (PRS) was 41.4 months, and the 2-year PRS rate was 62%. Patients who received local treatment showed better PRS (P = 0.009). The presence of liver metastasis (P = 0.008), bone metastasis (P = 0.041), or dissemination (P < 0.0001) were associated with worse PRS. CONCLUSION: The survival of patients who received aggressive local treatment for postoperative recurrence after trimodality therapy for LA-NSCLC was better than that of patients who did not.

DOI： 10.1007/s00595-019-1774-8

Neuroplastin-β mediates S100A8/A9-induced lung cancer disseminative progression. Reviewed International journal

Sumardika IW, Chen Y, Tomonobu N, Kinoshita R, Ruma IMW, Sato H, Kondo E, Inoue Y, Yamauchi A, Murata H, Yamamoto KI, Tomida S, Shien K, Yamamoto H, Sakaguchi M

Molecular carcinogenesis 58 ( 6 ) 980 - 995 2019.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Compiling evidence indicates an unusual role of extracellular S100A8/A9 in cancer metastasis. S100A8/A9 secreted from either cancer cells or normal cells including epithelial and inflammatory cells stimulates cancer cells through S100A8/A9 sensor receptors in an autocrine or paracrine manner, leading to cancer cell metastatic progression. We previously reported a novel S100A8/A9 receptor, neuroplastin-β (NPTNβ), which plays a critical role in atopic dermatitis when it is highly activated in keratinocytes by an excess amount of extracellular S100A8/A9 in the inflammatory skin lesion. Interestingly, our expression profiling of NPTNβ showed significantly high expression levels in lung cancer cell lines in a consistent manner. We hence aimed to determine the significance of NPTNβ as an S100A8/A9 receptor in lung cancer. Our results showed that NPTNβ has strong ability to induce cancer-related cellular events, including anchorage-independent growth, motility and invasiveness, in lung cancer cells in response to extracellular S100A8/A9, eventually leading to the expression of a cancer disseminative phenotype in lung tissue in vivo. Mechanistic investigation revealed that binding of S100A8/A9 to NPTNβ mediates activation of NFIA and NFIB and following SPDEF transcription factors through orchestrated upstream signals from TRAF2 and RAS, which is linked to anchorage-independent growth, motility and invasiveness. Overall, our results indicate the importance of the S100A8/A9-NPTNβ axis in lung cancer disseminative progression and reveal a pivotal role of its newly identified downstream signaling, TRAF2/RAS-NFIA/NFIB-SPDEF, in linking to the aggressive development of lung cancers.

DOI： 10.1002/mc.22987

NEUROPLASTIN-β MEDIATES S100A8/A9-INDUCED LUNG CANCER DISSEMINATIVE PROGRESSION Reviewed

Sumardika IW, Chen Y, Tomonobu N, Kinoshita R, Ruma IMW, Sato H, Kondo E, Inoue Y, Yamauchi A, Murata H, Yamamoto KI, Tomida S, Shien K, Yamamoto H, Soh J, Futami J, Putranto EW, Hibino T, Nishibori M, Toyooka S, Sakaguchi M

Molecular Carcinogenesis 2019.2

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Compiling evidence indicates an unusual role of extracellular S100A8/A9 in cancer metastasis. S100A8/A9 secreted from either cancer cells or normal cells including epithelial and inflammatory cells stimulates cancer cells through S100A8/A9 sensor receptors in an autocrine or paracrine manner, leading to cancer cell metastatic progression. We previously reported a novel S100A8/A9 receptor, neuroplastin-β (NPTNβ), which plays a critical role in atopic dermatitis when it is highly activated in keratinocytes by an excess amount of extracellular S100A8/A9 in the inflammatory skin lesion. Interestingly, our expression profiling of NPTNβ showed significantly high expression levels in lung cancer cell lines in a consistent manner. We hence aimed to determine the significance of NPTNβ as an S100A8/A9 receptor in lung cancer. Our results showed that NPTNβ has strong ability to induce cancer-related cellular events, including anchorage-independent growth, motility and invasiveness, in lung cancer cells in response to extracellular S100A8/A9, eventually leading to the expression of a cancer disseminative phenotype in lung tissue in vivo. Mechanistic investigation revealed that binding of S100A8/A9 to NPTNβ mediates activation of NFIA and NFIB and following SPDEF transcription factors through orchestrated upstream signals from TRAF2 and RAS, which is linked to anchorage-independent growth, motility and invasiveness. Overall, our results indicate the importance of the S100A8/A9-NPTNβ axis in lung cancer disseminative progression and reveal a pivotal role of its newly identified downstream signaling, TRAF2/RAS-NFIA/NFIB-SPDEF, in linking to the aggressive development of lung cancers. This article is protected by copyright.

DOI： 10.1002/mc.22987

Anti-tumor effect of neratinib against lung cancer cells harboring HER2 oncogene alterations. Reviewed International journal

Ogoshi Y, Shien K, Yoshioka T, Torigoe H, Sato H, Sakaguchi M, Tomida S, Namba K, Kurihara E, Takahashi Y, Suzawa K, Yamamoto H, Soh J, Toyooka S

Oncology letters 17 ( 3 ) 2729 - 2736 2019.1

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the ErbB family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Numerous studies have reported the amplification and overexpression of HER2 in several types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the benefits of HER2-targeted therapy have not been fully established. In the present study, the anti-tumor effect of neratinib, an irreversible pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), against NSCLC cells harboring HER2 alterations was investigated. The sensitivity of normal bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) ectopically overexpressing wild-type or mutant HER2 to neratinib was assessed. Furthermore, the anti-tumor activity of neratinib in several NSCLC cell lines harboring HER2 alterations was determined in vitro and in vivo, and the association between their genetic alterations and sensitivity to neratinib treatment was investigated. BEAS-2B cells ectopically overexpressing wild-type HER2 or mutants (A775insYVMA, G776VC, G776LC, P780insGSP, V659E, G660D and S310F) exhibited constitutive autophosphorylation of HER2, as determined by western blotting. While these BEAS-2B cells were sensitive to neratinib, they were insensitive to erlotinib, a first-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-TKI. Neratinib also exerted anti-proliferative effects on HER2-altered (H2170, Calu-3 and H1781) NSCLC cell lines. Neratinib was also demonstrated to exert strong tumor growth inhibitory activity in mouse xenograft models using HER2-altered lung cancer cells. The results of the present study strongly suggest that neratinib has potential as a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of HER2-altered NSCLC.

DOI： 10.3892/ol.2019.9908

exSSSRs (extracellular S100 soil sensor receptors)-Fc fusion proteins work as prominent decoys to S100A8/A9-induced lung tropic cancer metastasis. Reviewed International journal

Kinoshita R, Sato H, Yamauchi A, Takahashi Y, Inoue Y, Sumardika IW, Chen Y, Tomonobu N, Araki K, Shien K, Tomida S, Torigoe H, Namba K, Kurihara E, Sakaguchi M

International journal of cancer 144 ( 12 ) 3138 - 3145 2018.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Within the "seed and soil" theory of organ tropic cancer metastasis is a growing compilation of evidence that S100A8/A9 functions as a soil signal that attracts cancer cells to certain organs, which prove beneficial to their growth. S100A8/A9-sensing receptors including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and also important receptors we recently succeeded in identifying (EMMPRIN, NPTNβ, MCAM, and ALCAM) have the potential to become promising therapeutic targets. In our study, we prepared extracellular regions of these novel molecules and fused them to human IgG2-Fc to extend half-life expectancy, and we evaluated the anti-metastatic effects of the purified decoy proteins on metastatic cancer cells. The purified proteins markedly suppressed S100A8/A9-mediated lung tropic cancer metastasis. We hence expect that our novel biologics may become a prominent medicine to prevent cancer metastasis in clinical settings through cutting the linkage between "seed and soil".

DOI： 10.1002/ijc.31945

Newly developed anti-S100A8/A9 monoclonal antibody efficiently prevents lung tropic cancer metastasis. Reviewed International journal

Kinoshita R, Sato H, Yamauchi A, Takahashi Y, Inoue Y, Sumardika IW, Chen Y, Tomonobu N, Araki K, Shien K, Tomida S, Torigoe H, Namba K, Kurihara E, Sakaguchi M

International journal of cancer 145 ( 2 ) 569 - 575 2018.12

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

The metastatic dissemination of cancer cells to remote areas of the body is the most problematic aspect in cancer patients. Among cancers, melanomas are notoriously difficult to treat due to their significantly high metastatic potential even during early stages. Hence, the establishment of advanced therapeutic approaches to regulate metastasis is required to overcome the melanoma disease. An accumulating mass of evidence has indicated a critical role of extracellular S100A8/A9 in melanoma distant metastasis. Lung S100A8/A9 is induced by melanoma cells from distant organs and it attracts these cells to its enriched lung environment since melanoma cells possess several receptors that sense the S100A8/A9 ligand. We hence aimed to develop a neutralizing antibody against S100A8/A9 that would efficiently block melanoma lung metastasis. Our protocol provided us with one prominent antibody, Ab45 that efficiently suppressed not only S100A8/A9-mediated melanoma mobility but also lung tropic melanoma metastasis in a mouse model. This prompted us to make chimeric Ab45, a chimera antibody consisting of mouse Ab45-Fab and human IgG2-Fc. Chimeric Ab45 also showed significant inhibition of the lung metastasis of melanoma. From these results, we have high hopes that the newly produced antibody will become a potential biological tool to block melanoma metastasis in future clinical settings.

DOI： 10.1002/ijc.31982

Comparative mutational evaluation of multiple lung cancers by multiplex oncogene mutation analysis Reviewed International journal

Yuta Takahashi, Kazuhiko Shien, Shuta Tomida, Shinsuke Oda, Takehiro Matsubara, Hiroki Sato, Ken Suzawa, Eisuke Kurihara, Yusuke Ogoshi, Kei Namba, Takahiro Yoshioka, Hidejiro Torigoe, Hiromasa Yamamoto, Junichi Soh, Shinichi Toyooka

Cancer Science 109 ( 11 ) 3634 - 3642 2018.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal) Publisher：Wiley

In patients presenting with synchronous or metachronous multiple lung cancer (MLC), it is important to distinguish between multiple primary lung cancer (MP) and intrapulmonary metastasis (IM). The present study was aimed at investigating the mutational profiles of synchronous/metachronous MLC and to compare the classification of paired tumors by multiplex gene mutation analysis with the histopathological evaluation. We carried out targeted sequencing of 20 lung cancer-related oncogenes using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 82 tumors from 37 MLC patients who underwent surgical resection at our department. The patients were diagnosed as MP or IM cases based on the Martini and Melamed criteria, histopathological and gene mutational evaluations. Matching mutations between paired tumors was observed in 20 (54%) patients, who were diagnosed as IM cases by mutational evaluation. Patients who could not be clearly diagnosed by histopathological evaluation were classified as equivocal cases. Among the histopathological IM cases (n = 7), six (86%) were confirmed as IM cases also by mutational evaluation, and most of the paired tumors of these cases (n = 5) harbored multiple matching mutations. Among the histopathological MP cases (n = 17), mutational evaluation yielded a discordant diagnosis in eight (47%) cases. Of these, the paired tumors of four cases harbored multiple matching mutations, suggesting that the mutational diagnosis might be more suitable in these patients. Our findings suggest that multiplex mutational analysis could be a useful complementary tool for distinguishing between MP and IM in addition to histopathological evaluation.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.13797

Concomitant targeting of the mTOR/MAPK pathways: novel therapeutic strategy in subsets of RICTOR/KRAS-altered non-small cell lung cancer. Reviewed International journal

Ruder D, Papadimitrakopoulou V, Shien K, Behrens C, Kalhor N, Chen H, Shen L, Lee JJ, Hong WK, Tang X, Girard L, Minna JD, Diao L, Wang J, Mino B, Izzo JG

Oncotarget 9 ( 74 ) 33995 - 34008 2018.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Despite a therapeutic paradigm shift into targeted-driven medicinal approaches, resistance to therapy remains a hallmark of lung cancer, driven by biological and molecular diversity. Using genomic and expression data from advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients enrolled in the BATTLE-2 clinical trial, we identified RICTOR alterations in a subset of lung adenocarcinomas and found RICTOR expression to carry worse overall survival. RICTOR-altered cohort was significantly enriched in KRAS/MAPK axis mutations, suggesting a co-oncogenic driver role in these molecular settings. Using NSCLC cell lines, we showed that, distinctly in KRAS mutant backgrounds, RICTOR blockade impairs malignant properties and generates a compensatory enhanced activation of the MAPK pathway, exposing a unique therapeutic vulnerability. In vitro and in vivo concomitant pharmacologic inhibition of mTORC1/2 and MEK1/2 resulted in synergistic responses of anti-tumor effects. Our study provides evidence of a distinctive therapeutic opportunity in a subset of NSCLC carrying concomitant RICTOR/KRAS alterations.

DOI： 10.18632/oncotarget.26129

Combined inhibition of MEK and PI3K pathways overcomes acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in non-small cell lung cancer. Reviewed International journal

Sato H, Yamamoto H, Sakaguchi M, Shien K, Tomida S, Shien T, Ikeda H, Hatono M, Torigoe H, Namba K, Yoshioka T, Kurihara E, Ogoshi Y, Takahashi Y, Soh J, Toyooka S

Cancer science 109 ( 10 ) 3183 - 3196 2018.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Compensatory activation of the signal transduction pathways is one of the major obstacles for the targeted therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we present the therapeutic strategy of combined targeted therapy against the MEK and phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) pathways for acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in NSCLC. We investigated the efficacy of combined trametinib plus taselisib therapy using experimentally established EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC cell lines. The results showed that the feedback loop between MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT pathways had developed in several resistant cell lines, which caused the resistance to single-agent treatment with either inhibitor alone. Meanwhile, the combined therapy successfully regulated the compensatory activation of the key intracellular signals and synergistically inhibited the cell growth of those cells in vitro and in vivo. The resistance mechanisms for which the dual kinase inhibitor therapy proved effective included (MET) mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor amplification, induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and EGFR T790M mutation. In further analysis, the combination therapy induced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK signaling, leading to the activation of apoptosis cascade. Additionally, long-term treatment with the combination therapy induced the conversion from EMT to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in the resistant cell line harboring EMT features, restoring the sensitivity to EGFR-TKI. In conclusion, our results indicate that the combined therapy using MEK and PI3K inhibitors is a potent therapeutic strategy for NSCLC with the acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.13763

Myoepithelioma occurring in the posterior mediastinum harboring EWSR1 rearrangement: a case report. Reviewed International journal

Habu T, Soh J, Toji T, Shien K, Niman E, Namba K, Sato H, Yamamoto H, Sugimoto S, Yamane M, Toyooka S

Japanese journal of clinical oncology 48 ( 9 ) 851 - 854 2018.9

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)

Myoepithelioma is a rare neoplasm usually occurring in the salivary glands or the mammary glands but also, more rarely, in the thoracic cavity. The diagnosis of myoepithelioma is based on the presence of histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of myoepithelioma, but in unusual locations, the diagnosis is challenging. For such cases, cytogenetic approaches have been developed as helpful tools for the diagnosis. We report a surgical case of 51-year-old woman with myoepithelioma occurring in the posterior mediastinum that harbored the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region1 (EWSR1) gene rearrangement. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a myoepithelioma occurring in the posterior mediastinum. In this case, the patient underwent the thoracoscopic surgery for a diagnostic tumorectomy and was diagnosed as myoepithelioma based on the following immunohistological findings. Considering the unusual location, we additionally performed a cytogenetic analysis to confirm the presence of the EWSR1 gene rearrangement, which is a genetic characteristic of myoepithelioma.

DOI： 10.1093/jjco/hyy100

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