研究者詳細 - 近藤　秀樹

論文 - 近藤　秀樹

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Evidence for the replication of a plant rhabdovirus in its arthropod mite vector. 国際誌

Hideki Kondo, Miki Fujita, Paul Telengech, Kazuyuki Maruyam, Kiwamu Hyodo, Aline Daniele Tassi, Ronald Ochoa, Ida Bagus Andika, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Virus research 351 199522 - 199522 2025年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Transmission of plant viruses that replicate in the insect vector is known as persistent-propagative manner. However, it remains unclear whether such virus-vector relationships also occur between plant viruses and other biological vectors such as arthropod mites. In this study, we investigated the possible replication of orchid fleck virus (OFV), a segmented plant rhabdovirus, within its mite vector (Brevipalpus californicus s.l.) using quantitative RT-qPCR, western blotting and next-generation sequencing. Time-course RT-qPCR and western blot analyses showed an increasing OFV accumulation pattern in mites after virus acquisition. Since OFV genome expression requires the transcription of polyadenylated mRNAs, polyadenylated RNA fractions extracted from the viruliferous mite samples and OFV-infected plant leaves were used for RNA-seq analysis. In the mite and plant datasets, a large number of sequence reads were aligned to genomic regions of OFV RNA1 and RNA2 corresponding to transcribed viral gene mRNAs. This includes the short polyadenylated transcripts originating from the leader and trailer regions at the ends of the viral genome, which are believed to play a crucial role in viral transcription/replication. In contrast, a low number of reads were mapped to the non-transcribed regions (gene junctions). These results strongly suggested that OFV gene expression occurs both in mites and plants. Additionally, deep sequencing revealed the accumulation of OFV-derived small RNAs in mites, although their size profiles differ from those found in plants. Taken together, our results indicated that OFV replicates within a mite vector and is targeted by the RNA-silencing mechanism.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2024.199522

Metatranscriptomic Sequencing of Sheath Blight-Associated Isolates of Rhizoctonia solani Revealed Multi-Infection by Diverse Groups of RNA Viruses. 査読国際誌

Michael Louie R Urzo, Timothy D Guinto, Ana Eusebio-Cope, Bernard O Budot, Mary Jeanie T Yanoria, Gilda B Jonson, Masao Arakawa, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Viruses 16 ( 7 ) 2024年7月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Rice sheath blight, caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia solani (teleomorph: Thanatephorus cucumeris, Basidiomycota), is one of the most devastating phytopathogenic fungal diseases and causes yield loss. Here, we report on a very high prevalence (100%) of potential virus-associated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements for a collection of 39 fungal strains of R. solani from the rice sheath blight samples from at least four major rice-growing areas in the Philippines and a reference isolate from the International Rice Research Institute, showing different colony phenotypes. Their dsRNA profiles suggested the presence of multiple viral infections among these Philippine R. solani populations. Using next-generation sequencing, the viral sequences of the three representative R. solani strains (Ilo-Rs-6, Tar-Rs-3, and Tar-Rs-5) from different rice-growing areas revealed the presence of at least 36 viruses or virus-like agents, with the Tar-Rs-3 strain harboring the largest number of viruses (at least 20 in total). These mycoviruses or their candidates are believed to have single-stranded RNA or dsRNA genomes and they belong to or are associated with the orders Martellivirales, Hepelivirales, Durnavirales, Cryppavirales, Ourlivirales, and Ghabrivirales based on their coding-complete RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequences. The complete genome sequences of two novel RNA viruses belonging to the proposed family Phlegiviridae and family Mitoviridae were determined.

DOI： 10.3390/v16071152

The intriguing phenomenon of cross-kingdom infections of plant and insect viruses to fungi: Can other animal viruses also cross-infect fungi? 査読国際誌

Ida Bagus Andika, Xinran Cao, Hideki Kondo, Liying Sun

PLoS pathogens 19 ( 10 ) e1011726 2023年10月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Fungi are highly widespread and commonly colonize multicellular organisms that live in natural environments. Notably, studies on viruses infecting plant-associated fungi have revealed the interesting phenomenon of the cross-kingdom transmission of viruses and viroids from plants to fungi. This implies that fungi, in addition to absorbing water, nutrients, and other molecules from the host, can acquire intracellular parasites that reside in the host. These findings further suggest that fungi can serve as suitable alternative hosts for certain plant viruses and viroids. Given the frequent coinfection of fungi and viruses in humans/animals, the question of whether fungi can also acquire animal viruses and serve as their hosts is very intriguing. In fact, the transmission of viruses from insects to fungi has been observed. Furthermore, the common release of animal viruses into the extracellular space (viral shedding) could potentially facilitate their acquisition by fungi. Investigations of the cross-infection of animal viruses in fungi may provide new insights into the epidemiology of viral diseases in humans and animals.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011726

Cross-Kingdom Interactions Between Plant and Fungal Viruses. 査読国際誌

Ida Bagus Andika, Mengyuan Tian, Ruiling Bian, Xinran Cao, Ming Luo, Hideki Kondo, Liying Sun

Annual review of virology 2023年7月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The large genetic and structural divergences between plants and fungi may hinder the transmission of viruses between these two kingdoms to some extent. However, recent accumulating evidence from virus phylogenetic analyses and the discovery of naturally occurring virus cross-infection suggest the occurrence of past and current transmissions of viruses between plants and plant-associated fungi. Moreover, artificial virus inoculation experiments showed that diverse plant viruses can multiply in fungi and vice versa. Thus, virus cross-infection between plants and fungi may play an important role in the spread, emergence, and evolution of both plant and fungal viruses and facilitate the interaction between them. In this review, we summarize current knowledge related to cross-kingdom virus infection in plants and fungi and further discuss the relevance of this new virological topic in the context of understanding virus spread and transmission in nature as well as developing control strategies for crop plant diseases. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Virology, Volume 10 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

DOI： 10.1146/annurev-virology-111821-122539

Discovery and Genome Characterization of a Closterovirus from Wheat Plants with Yellowing Leaf Symptoms in Japan 査読

Hideki Kondo, Hitomi Sugahara, Miki Fujita, Kiwamu Hyodo, Ida Bagus Andika, Hiroshi Hisano, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Pathogens 12 ( 3 ) 358 - 358 2023年2月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：MDPI AG

Many aphid-borne viruses are important pathogens that affect wheat crops worldwide. An aphid-transmitted closterovirus named wheat yellow leaf virus (WYLV) was found to have infected wheat plants in Japan in the 1970s; however, since then, its viral genome sequence and occurrence in the field have not been investigated. We observed yellowing leaves in the 2018/2019 winter wheat-growing season in an experimental field in Japan where WYLV was detected five decades ago. A virome analysis of those yellow leaf samples lead to the discovery of a closterovirus together with a luteovirus (barley yellow dwarf virus PAV variant IIIa). The complete genomic sequence of this closterovirus, named wheat closterovirus 1 isolate WL19a (WhCV1-WL19a), consisted of 15,452 nucleotides harboring nine open reading frames. Additionally, we identified another WhCV1 isolate, WL20, in a wheat sample from the winter wheat-growing season of 2019/2020. A transmission test indicated that WhCV1-WL20 was able to form typical filamentous particles and transmissible by oat bird-cherry aphid (Rhopalosiphum pad). Sequence and phylogenetic analyses showed that WhCV1 was distantly related to members of the genus Closterovirus (family Closteroviridae), suggesting that the virus represents a novel species in the genus. Furthermore, the characterization of WhCV1-WL19a-derived small RNAs using high-throughput sequencing revealed highly abundant 22-nt-class small RNAs potentially derived from the 3′-terminal end of the WhCV1 negative-strand genomic RNA, indicating that this terminal end of the WhCV1 genome is likely particularly targeted for the synthesis of viral small RNAs in wheat plants. Our results provide further knowledge on closterovirus diversity and pathogenicity and suggest that the impact of WhCV1 on wheat production warrants further investigations.

DOI： 10.3390/pathogens12030358

Mycovirus Diversity and Evolution Revealed/Inferred from Recent Studies. 査読国際誌

Hideki Kondo, Leticia Botella, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Annual review of phytopathology 2022年5月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

High-throughput virome analyses with various fungi, from cultured or uncultured sources, have led to the discovery of diverse viruses with unique genome structures and even neo-lifestyles. Examples in the former category include splipalmiviruses and ambiviruses. Splipalmiviruses, related to yeast narnaviruses, have multiple positive-sense (+) single-stranded (ss) RNA genomic segments that separately encode the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase motifs, the hallmark of RNA viruses (members of the kingdom Orthornavirae). Ambiviruses appear to have an undivided ssRNA genome of 3∼5 kb with two large open reading frames (ORFs) separated by intergenic regions. Another narna-like virus group has two fully overlapping ORFs on both strands of a genomic segment that span more than 90% of the genome size. New virus lifestyles exhibited by mycoviruses include the yado-kari/yado-nushi nature characterized by the partnership between the (+)ssRNA yadokarivirus and an unrelated dsRNA virus (donor of the capsid for the former) and the hadaka nature of capsidless 10-11 segmented (+)ssRNA accessible by RNase in infected mycelial homogenates. Furthermore, dsRNA polymycoviruses with phylogenetic affinity to (+)ssRNA animal caliciviruses have been shown to be infectious as dsRNA-protein complexes or deproteinized naked dsRNA. Many previous phylogenetic gaps have been filled by recently discovered fungal and other viruses, which have provided interesting evolutionary insights. Phylogenetic analyses and the discovery of natural and experimental cross-kingdom infections suggest that horizontal virus transfer may have occurred and continue to occur between fungi and other kingdoms. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Phytopathology, Volume 60 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

DOI： 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-122122

First Report of Chinese wheat mosaic virus Infecting Barley in Japan. 査読国際誌

Hideki Kondo, Hidekazu Masejima, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Miki Fujita, Takehiro Ohki

Plant disease 2022年1月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV), a member of the genus Furovirus in the family Virgaviridae (Adams et al. 2017), has a positive-sense RNA genome and is transmitted by Polymyxa graminis. CWMV is a causal agent of yellow mosaic disease in winter wheat in China (Guo et al. 2019). CWMV has also been detected in wheat plants in limited areas of the northern Japan (Nagano and Iwate Prefectures) (Fuji et al. 2022; Maeshima et al. 2010; Shirako and Maejima 2008). In preliminary tests using Western blotting with an antiserum raised against CWMV capsid protein (by Dr Y. Shirako, Tokyo University), we detected a furovirus in a breeding line of barley, "Tozan Kawa 111" (Hordeum vulgare L.) (collected in April 2012), grown in an experimental field infested with CWMV and wheat yellow mosaic virus (genus Bymovirus) in Nagano Prefecture. To investigate the infection of barley plants with cereal plant-associated soil-borne viruses, we collected leaf samples of "Tozan Kawa 111" plants (ten plants) showing yellow mosaic symptoms, but with not apparent wilting or stunting (Fig. S1A) in April 2016 (2015/16 growing season). Total RNA was extracted from symptomatic leave samples with TaKaRa RNAiso reagent (TaKaRa Bio) and subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect virus agents. After cDNA synthesis using Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (Thermo Fisher Scientific) with random hexamers, PCR amplification with QuickTaq HS Dye Mix (Toyobo Co.) was conducted using primer sets specific to two furoviruses and three bymoviruses (Fig. S1B) known to infect wheat and/or barley plants in Japan (Tamada and Kondo 2013). RT-PCR analysis detected infection with CWMV in the leaf samples of "Tozan Kawa 111" plants (Fig. S1B), but not the other soil-borne viruses tested. The amplified PCR products (752 and 718 bp for CWMV RNA1 and RNA2, respectively) were purified by Wizard® SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System (Promega) and subjected to Sanger sequencing to confirm their nucleotide sequences. The virus sequences from PCR amplicons were deposited in GenBank/DDBJ/ENA with accession numbers LC657081 (RNA1) and LC657082 (RNA2). Nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLASTn) analysis showed that the sequences have 98.7% and 98.8% nucleotide sequence identity with RNA1 of CWMV Japanese northern isolate (accession No, AB299271) and RNA2 of CWMV Nagano-A isolate (AB935554), respectively. Identical sequences were also found in symptomatic wheat leaf samples ("Fukuho Komugi" cultivar) obtained from the same field (Fig. S1B). Rod-shaped particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy (Hitachi H-7650) in symptomatic "Tozan Kawa 111" leaf samples (Fig. S1C). Using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (Fukuta et al. 2013), CWMV was detected in "Tozan Kawa 111" plants in the same field in the 2015/16-2017/18 growing seasons, but not in the 2018/19-2020/21 growing seasons (Fig. S1D). In the 2015/16-2017/18 growing seasons, CWMV was detected in the barley plants (pooled five plant samples) cultivar "Kashima-mugi", which showed similar yellow mosaic symptoms (Fig. S1D), but not in most of the other barley variants planted in the field. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CWMV field infection in plants other than wheat (Kuhne 2009). Further extensive virus screening in the fields and virus inoculation experiments are necessary to understand the pathology of CWMV in barley and possibly in other cereal crops.

DOI： 10.1094/PDIS-12-21-2803-PDN

Identification of a Novel Quinvirus in the Family Betaflexiviridae That Infects Winter Wheat. 査読国際誌

Hideki Kondo, Naoto Yoshida, Miki Fujita, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Kiwamu Hyodo, Hiroshi Hisano, Tetsuo Tamada, Ida Bagus Andika, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Frontiers in microbiology 12 715545 - 715545 2021年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Yellow mosaic disease in winter wheat is usually attributed to the infection by bymoviruses or furoviruses; however, there is still limited information on whether other viral agents are also associated with this disease. To investigate the wheat viromes associated with yellow mosaic disease, we carried out de novo RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of symptomatic and asymptomatic wheat-leaf samples obtained from a field in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2018 and 2019. The analyses revealed the infection by a novel betaflexivirus, which tentatively named wheat virus Q (WVQ), together with wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV, a bymovirus) and northern cereal mosaic virus (a cytorhabdovirus). Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses showed that the WVQ strains (of which there are at least three) were related to the members of the genus Foveavirus in the subfamily Quinvirinae (family Betaflexiviridae). In the phylogenetic tree, they form a clade distant from that of the foveaviruses, suggesting that WVQ is a member of a novel genus in the Quinvirinae. Laboratory tests confirmed that WVQ, like WYMV, is potentially transmitted through the soil to wheat plants. WVQ was also found to infect rye plants grown in the same field. Moreover, WVQ-derived small interfering RNAs accumulated in the infected wheat plants, indicating that WVQ infection induces antiviral RNA silencing responses. Given its common coexistence with WYMV, the impact of WVQ infection on yellow mosaic disease in the field warrants detailed investigation.

DOI： 10.3389/fmicb.2021.715545

Virome Analysis of Aphid Populations That Infest the Barley Field: The Discovery of Two Novel Groups of Nege/Kita-Like Viruses and Other Novel RNA Viruses. 査読国際誌

Hideki Kondo, Miki Fujita, Hiroshi Hisano, Kiwamu Hyodo, Ida Bagus Andika, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Frontiers in microbiology 11 509 - 509 2020年

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Aphids (order Hemiptera) are important insect pests of crops and are also vectors of many plant viruses. However, little is known about aphid-infecting viruses, particularly their diversity and relationship to plant viruses. To investigate the aphid viromes, we performed deep sequencing analyses of the aphid transcriptomes from infested barley plants in a field in Japan. We discovered virus-like sequences related to nege/kita-, flavi-, tombus-, phenui-, mononega-, narna-, chryso-, partiti-, and luteoviruses. Using RT-PCR and sequence analyses, we determined almost complete sequences of seven nege/kitavirus-like virus genomes; one of which was a variant of the Wuhan house centipede virus (WHCV-1). The other six seem to belong to four novel viruses distantly related to Wuhan insect virus 9 (WhIV-9) or Hubei nege-like virus 4 (HVLV-4). We designated the four viruses as barley aphid RNA virus 1 to 4 (BARV-1 to -4). Moreover, some nege/kitavirus-like sequences were found by searches on the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) libraries of arthropods and plants. Phylogenetic analyses showed that BARV-1 forms a clade with WHCV-1 and HVLV-4, whereas BARV-2 to -4 clustered with WhIV-9 and an aphid virus, Aphis glycines virus 3. Both virus groups (tentatively designated as Centivirus and Aphiglyvirus, respectively), together with arthropod virus-like TSAs, fill the phylogenetic gaps between the negeviruses and kitaviruses lineages. We also characterized the flavi/jingmen-like and tombus-like virus sequences as well as other RNA viruses, including six putative novel viruses, designated as barley aphid RNA viruses 5 to 10. Interestingly, we also discovered that some aphid-associated viruses, including nege/kita-like viruses, were present in different aphid species, raising a speculation that these viruses might be distributed across different aphid species with plants being the reservoirs. This study provides novel information on the diversity and spread of nege/kitavirus-related viruses and other RNA viruses that are associated with aphids.

DOI： 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00509

Two novel fungal negative-strand RNA viruses related to mymonaviruses and phenuiviruses in the shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). 査読

Lin YH, Fujita M, Chiba S, Hyodo K, Andika IB, Suzuki N, Kondo H

Virology 533 125 - 136 2019年7月

A novel insect-infecting virga/nege-like virus group and its pervasive endogenization into insect genomes. 査読

Kondo H, Chiba S, Maruyama K, Andika IB, Suzuki N

Virus research 262 37 - 47 2019年3月

Evidence for a novel negative-stranded RNA mycovirus isolated from the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum 査読

Luan Wang, Hao He, Shuangchao Wang, Xiaoguang Chen, Dewen Qiu, Hideki Kondo, Lihua Guo

Virology 518 232 - 240 2018年5月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Academic Press Inc.

Here we describe a novel (−)ssRNA mycovirus, Fusarium graminearum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (FgNSRV-1), isolated from Fusarium graminearum strain HN1. The genome of FgNSRV-1 is 9072 nucleotides in length, with five discontinuous but linear ORFs (ORF I-V). Phylogenetic analysis based on entire L polymerase sequences indicated that FgNSRV-1 is related to the (−)ssRNA mycovirus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 1 (SsNSRV-1), and other mycoviruses. Our data suggest that FgNSRV-1 can be classified into the family Mymonaviridae, order Mononegavirales. Putative enveloped virion-like structures with filamentous morphology similar to SsNSRV-1 were observed in virion preparation samples. The L proteins of FgNSRV-1, and other fungal mononegaviruses, were found to be related to L protein-like sequences in some fungal genome, supporting the hypothesis that there is coevolution occurring between mycoviruses and fungi. Besides, clearing the virus from the infected host fungus resulted in no discernable phenotypic change.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virol.2018.03.008

A possible occurrence of genome reassortment among bipartite rhabdoviruses 査読

Hideki Kondo, Keisuke Hirota, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Ida Bagus An'dika, Nobuhiro Suzuki

VIROLOGY 508 18 - 25 2017年8月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Orchid fleck virus (OFV) represents a rhabdovirus with a unique bipartite genome. OFV genetic diversity at the whole genome level has not been described. Using the partial genome sequence of RNA1, we have determined that several OFV isolates derived from orchids in Japan belong to two genetically distant subgroups: subgroup I, the members of which are distributed worldwide but previously not known in Asia, and subgroup II, which is commonly distributed in Japan. However, complete genome sequence analysis of a novel Japanese subgroup I isolate revealed that although its RNA1 sequence differs considerably from those of subgroup II isolates, its RNA2 sequence is almost identical to them. Based on phylogenetic and recombination analyses, the genome reassortment events were predicted to occur between OFV subgroups including other unseen strains. Our data show that genome reassortment contributes to the genetic diversities of the bipartite rhabdoviruses and its occurrence may be geographically constrained.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virol.2017.04.027

Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of novel totivirus-like double-stranded RNAs from field-collected powdery mildew fungi 査読

Hideki Kondo, Sakae Hisano, Sotaro Chiba, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Ida Bagus Andika, Kazuhiro Toyoda, Fumihiro Fujimori, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Virus Research 213 353 - 364 2016年2月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Elsevier B.V.

The identification of mycoviruses contributes greatly to understanding of the diversity and evolutionary aspects of viruses. Powdery mildew fungi are important and widely studied obligate phytopathogenic agents, but there has been no report on mycoviruses infecting these fungi. In this study, we used a deep sequencing approach to analyze the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments isolated from field-collected samples of powdery mildew fungus-infected red clover plants in Japan. Database searches identified the presence of at least ten totivirus (genus Totivirus)-like sequences, termed red clover powdery mildew-associated totiviruses (RPaTVs). The majority of these sequences shared moderate amino acid sequence identity with each other (&lt
44%) and with other known totiviruses (&lt
59%). Nine of these identified sequences (RPaTV1a, 1b and 2-8) resembled the genome of the prototype totivirus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus-L-A (ScV-L-A) in that they contained two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs) encoding a putative coat protein (CP) and an RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), while one sequence (RPaTV9) showed similarity to another totivirus, Ustilago maydis virus H1 (UmV-H1) that encodes a single polyprotein (CP-RdRp fusion). Similar to yeast totiviruses, each ScV-L-A-like RPaTV contains a -1 ribosomal frameshift site downstream of a predicted pseudoknot structure in the overlapping region of these ORFs, suggesting that the RdRp is translated as a CP-RdRp fusion. Moreover, several ScV-L-A-like sequences were also found by searches of the transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) libraries from rust fungi, plants and insects. Phylogenetic analyses show that nine ScV-L-A-like RPaTVs along with ScV-L-A-like sequences derived from TSA libraries are clustered with most established members of the genus Totivirus, while one RPaTV forms a new distinct clade with UmV-H1, possibly establishing an additional genus in the family. Taken together, our results indicate the presence of diverse, novel totiviruses in the powdery mildew fungus populations infecting red clover plants in the field.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.11.015

Cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus, a new sobemovirus isolated from a spring orchid (Cymbidium goeringii) in Japan 査読

Hideki Kondo, Shogo Takemoto, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Sotaro Chiba, Ida Bagus Andika, Nobuhiro Suzuki

ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY 160 ( 8 ) 2099 - 2104 2015年8月

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER WIEN

Cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus (CyCMV), isolated from a spring orchid (Cymbidium goeringii), was characterized molecularly. CyCMV isometric virions comprise a single, positive-strand RNA genome of 4,083 nucleotides and 30-kDa coat protein. The virus genome contains five overlapping open reading frames with a genomic organization similar to that of sobemoviruses. BLAST searches and phylogenetic analysis revealed that CyCMV is most closely related to papaya lethal yellowing virus, a proposed dicot-infecting sobemovirus (58.8 % nucleotide sequence identity), but has a relatively distant relationship to monocot-infecting sobemoviruses, with only modest sequence identities. This suggests that CyCMV is a new monocot-infecting member of the floating genus Sobemovirus.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-015-2460-9

Differential contributions of plant Dicer-like proteins to antiviral defences against potato virus X in leaves and roots 査読

Ida Bagus Andika, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Liying Sun, Hideki Kondo, Tetsuo Tamada, Nobuhiro Suzuki

PLANT JOURNAL 81 ( 5 ) 781 - 793 2015年3月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY-BLACKWELL

Members of the plant Dicer-like (DCL) protein family are the critical components of the RNA-silencing pathway that mediates innate antiviral defence. The distinct antiviral role of each individual DCL protein has been established with mostly based on observations of aerial parts of plants. Thus, although the roots are closely associated with the life cycle of many plant viruses, little is known about the antiviral activities of DCL proteins in roots. We observed that antiviral silencing strongly inhibits potato virus X (PVX) replication in roots of some susceptible Solanaceae species. Silencing of the DCL4 homolog in Nicotiana benthamiana partially elevated PVX replication levels in roots. In Arabidopsis thaliana, which was originally considered a non-host plant of PVX, high levels of PVX accumulation in inoculated leaves were achieved by inactivation of DCL4, while in the upper leaves and roots, it required the additional inactivation of DCL2. In transgenic A.thaliana carrying the PVX amplicon with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene insertion in the chromosome (AMP243 line), absence of DCL4 enabled high levels of PVX-GFP accumulation in various aerial organs but not in the roots, suggesting that DCL4 is critical for intracellular antiviral silencing in shoots but not in roots, where it can be functionally compensated by other DCL proteins. Together, the high level of functional redundancies among DCL proteins may contribute to the potent antiviral activities against PVX replication in roots.
Significance StatementThis study demonstrates the differential contributions of DCL proteins between leaves and roots.

DOI： 10.1111/tpj.12770

Transcriptional mapping of the messenger and leader RNAs of orchid fleck virus, a bisegmented negative-strand RNA virus 査読

Hideki Kondo, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Sotaro Chiba, Ida Bagus Andika, Nobuhiro Suzuki

VIROLOGY 452 166 - 174 2014年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

The transcriptional strategy of orchid fleck virus (OFV), which has a two-segmented negative-strand RNA genome and resembles plant nucleorhabdoviruses, remains unexplored. In this study, the transcripts of six genes encoded by OFV RNA1 and RNA2 in the poly(A)-enriched RNA fraction from infected plants were molecularly characterized. All of the OFV mRNAs were initiated at a start sequence 3'-UU-5' with one to three non-viral adenine nucleotides which were added at the 5' end of each mRNA, whereas their 3' termini ended with a 5'-AUUUAAA(U/G)AAAA(A)n-3' sequence. We also identified the presence of polyadenylated short transcripts derived from the 3'-terminal leader regions of both genomic and antigenomic strands, providing the first example of plus- and minus-strand leader RNAs in a segmented minus-strand RNA virus. The similarity in the transcriptional strategy between this bipartite OFV and monopartite rhabdoviruses, especially nucleorhabdoviruses (family Rhabdoviridae) is additional support for their close relationship. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virol.2014.01.007

Complete genome sequence of Habenaria mosaic virus, a new potyvirus infecting a terrestrial orchid (Habenaria radiata) in Japan 査読

Hideki Kondo, Takanori Maeda, I. Wayan Gara, Sotaro Chiba, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Tetsuo Tamada, Nobuhiro Suzuki

ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY 159 ( 1 ) 163 - 166 2014年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER WIEN

The complete genomic sequence of Habenaria mosaic virus (HaMV), which infects terrestrial orchids (Habenaria radiata), has been determined. The genome is composed of 9,499 nucleotides excluding the 3'-terminal poly(A) tail, encoding a large polyprotein of 3,054 amino acids with the genomic features typical of a potyvirus. Putative proteolytic cleavage sites were identified by sequence comparison to those of known potyviruses. The HaMV polyprotein showed 58 % amino acid sequence identity to that encoded by the most closely related potyvirus, tobacco vein banding mosaic virus. Phylogenetic analysis of the polyprotein amino acid sequence and its coding sequences confirmed that HaMV formed a cluster with the chilli veinal mottle virus group, most of which infect solanaceous plants. These results suggest that HaMV is a distinct member of the genus Potyvirus.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-013-1784-6

Characterization of burdock mottle virus, a novel member of the genus Benyvirus, and the identification of benyvirus-related sequences in the plant and insect genomes 査読

Hideki Kondo, Shuichi Hirano, Sotaro Chiba, Ida Bagus Andika, Makoto Hirai, Takanori Maeda, Tetsuo Tamada

Virus Research 177 ( 1 ) 75 - 86 2013年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The complete nucleotide sequence of the burdock mottle virus (BdMoV) isolated from an edible burdock plant ( Arctium lappa) in Japan has been determined. BdMoV has a bipartite genome, whose organization is similar to RNA1 and RNA2 of benyviruses, beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), beet soil-borne mosaic virus (BSBMV), and rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV). BdMoV RNA1 (7038 nt) contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 249-kDa polypeptide that consists of methyl-transferase, helicase, papain-like protease, AlkB-like, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domains. The AlkB-like domain sequence is not present in the proteins encoded by other known benyviruses, but is found in replication-associated proteins of viruses mainly belonging to the families Alfaflexiviridae and Betaflexiviridae. BdMoV RNA2 (4315 nt) contains six ORFs that are similar to those of benyviruses: these are coat protein (CP), CP readthrough, triple gene block movement and cysteine-rich proteins. Phylogenetic analyses showed that BdMoV is more closely related to BNYVV and BSBMV than to RSNV. Database searches showed that benyvirus replicase-related sequences are present in the chromosomes of a chickpea plant ( Cicer arietinum) and a blood-sucking insect ( Rhodnius prolixus). Some other benyvirus-related sequences are found in the transcriptome shotgun libraries of a few species of plants and a bark beetle. Our results show that BdMoV is a distinct species of the genus Benyvirus and that ancestral and extant benyviruses may have infected or currently infect a wide range of hosts, including plants and insects. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.07.015

Orchid fleck virus structural proteins N and P form intranuclear viroplasm like structures in the absence of viral infection 査読

Hideki Kondo, Sotaro Chiba, Ida Bagus Andika, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Tetsuo Tamada, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Journal of Virology 87 ( 13 ) 7423 - 7434 2013年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Orchid fleck virus (OFV) has a unique two-segmented negative-sense RNA genome that resembles that of plant nucleorhabdoviruses. In infected plant cells, OFV and nucleorhabdoviruses induce an intranuclear electron-lucent viroplasm that is believed to be the site for virus replication. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which OFV viroplasms are produced in vivo. Among OFV-encoded proteins, the nucleocapsid protein (N) and the putative phosphoprotein (P) were present in nuclear fractions of OFV-infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Transient coexpression of N and P, in the absence of virus infection, was shown to be sufficient for formation of an intranuclear viroplasm-like structure in plant cells. When expressed independently as a fluorescent protein fusion product in uninfected plant cells, N protein accumulated throughout the cell, while P protein accumulated in the nucleus. However, the N protein, when coexpressed with P, was recruited to a subnuclear region to induce a large viroplasm-like focus. Deletion and substitution mutagenesis demonstrated that the P protein contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS). Artificial nuclear targeting of the N-protein mutant was insufficient for formation of viroplasm-like structures in the absence of P. A bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay confirmed interactions between the N and P proteins within subnuclear viroplasm-like foci and interactions of two of the N. benthamiana importin-α homologues with the P protein but not with the N protein. Taken together, our results suggest that viroplasm formation by OFV requires nuclear accumulation of both the N and P proteins, which is mediated by P-NLS, unlike nucleorhabdovirus viroplasm utilizing the NLS on protein N. © 2013, American Society for Microbiology.

DOI： 10.1128/JVI.00270-13

Evidence for negative-strand RNA virus infection in fungi 査読

Hideki Kondo, Sotaro Chiba, Kazuhiro Toyoda, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Virology 435 ( 2 ) 201 - 209 2013年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Fungal viruses comprise two groups: a major group of five families with double-stranded RNA genomes and a minor group with positive-sense single-stranded (ss)RNA genomes. Although many fungal viruses have been identified, no negative-stranded (-)ssRNA mycoviruses have been reported. Here we present two lines of evidence suggesting the presence of (-)ssRNA viruses in filamentous fungi based on an exhaustive search using extant (-)ssRNA viruses as queries. This revealed (-)ssRNA virus L protein-like sequences in the genome of a phytopathogenic obligate ascomycete, Erysiphe pisi. A similar search for (-)ssRNA viruses in fungal transcriptome shotgun assembly libraries demonstrated that two independent libraries from Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, another phytopathogenic ascomycete, contained several sequences considered to correspond to the entire mononegavirus L gene and likely originating from an infecting (-)ssRNA virus. These results provide strong evidence for both ancient and extant (-)ssRNA virus infections in fungi. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virol.2012.10.002

A capsidless (+)RNA yadokarivirus hosted by a dsRNA virus is infectious as particles, cDNA, and dsRNA. 国際誌

Muhammad Fadli, Sakae Hisano, Guy Novoa, José R Castón, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Journal of virology 99 ( 3 ) e0216624 2025年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Capsidless yadokariviruses (members of the order Yadokarivirales) with (+)RNA genomes divert the capsid of their partner icosahedral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses in different families of the order Ghabrivirales into the replication site. A yadokarivirus, AfSV2, has been reported from a German strain of the ascomycete fungus Aspergillus foetidus coinfected by two dsRNA viruses, a victorivirus (AfSV1, family Pseudototiviridae) and an alternavirus (AfFV, family Alternaviridae). Here, we identified AfSV1 as the partner of AfSV2 in a Japanese A. foetidus strain after showing the infectiousness of AfSV2 in three forms: virus particles (heterocapsid), transforming full-length complementary DNA (cDNA), and purified replicated form (RF) dsRNA that is believed to be inactive as a translational template. Virion transfection of virus-free A. foetidus protoplasts resulted in the generation of two strains infected either by AfSV1 alone or by both AfSV1 and AfSV2. Transformants with AfSV2 full-length cDNA launched AfSV2 infection only in the presence of AfSV1, but not those with AfSV2 RNA-directed RNA polymerase mutant cDNA. The purified fractions containing AfSV2 RF dsRNA also launched infection when transfected into protoplasts infected by AfSV1. Treatment with dsRNA-specific RNase III, but not with proteinase K, S1 nuclease, or DNase I, abolished the infectivity of AfSV2 RF dsRNA. Furthermore, we confirmed the infectiousness of gel-purified AfSV2 RF dsRNA in the presence of AfSV1. Taken together, our results show the unique infectious entity of AfSV2 and the expansion of yadokarivirus partners in the family Pseudototiviridae and provide interesting evolutionary insights.IMPORTANCEThe viral phylum Pisuviricota accommodates members with both double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and (+)RNA genomes. Some members of the second group display peculiar virus lifestyles. These include (+)RNA yadkariviruses, which are capsidless and highjack the capsid of their partner dsRNA viruses in the order Ghabrivirales of a different phylum Duplornaviricota. We identified the partner dsRNA virus (AfSV1, a victorivirus) of a yadokarivirus (AfSV2) from the ascomycete Aspergillus foetidus. AfSV2 is infectious in the presence of AfSV1 in three forms: purified particles, transforming full-length complementary DNA, and, surprisingly, the purified replicative form dsRNA. These combined results expand yadokarivirus partner viruses to the family Pseudototiviridae and provide evidence for AfSV2 as a unique infectious entity as well as interesting evolutionary insights.

DOI： 10.1128/jvi.02166-24

New lineages of RNA viruses from clinical isolates of Rhizopus microsporus revealed by fragmented and primer-ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) analysis. 査読国際誌

Wasiatus Sa'diyah, Yan-Jie Zhao, Yuto Chiba, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Sayaka Ban, Takashi Yaguchi, Syun-Ichi Urayama, Daisuke Hagiwara

mSphere e0034524 2024年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Rhizopus microsporus is a species in the order Mucorales that is known to cause mucormycosis, but it is poorly understood as a host of viruses. Here, we examined 25 clinical strains of R. microsporus for viral infection with a conventional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) assay using agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and the recently established fragmented and primer-ligated dsRNA sequencing (FLDS) protocol. By AGE, five virus-infected strains were detected. Then, full-length genomic sequences of 12 novel RNA viruses were revealed by FLDS, which were related to the families Mitoviridae, Narnaviridae, and Endornaviridae, ill-defined groups of single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) viruses with similarity to the established families Virgaviridae and Phasmaviridae, and the proposed family "Ambiguiviridae." All the characterized viruses, except a potential phasmavirid with a negative-sense RNA genome, had positive-sense RNA genomes. One virus belonged to a previously established species within the family Mitoviridae, whereas the other 11 viruses represented new species or even new genera. These results show that the fungal pathogen R. microsporus harbors diverse RNA viruses and extend our understanding of the diversity of RNA viruses in the fungal order Mucorales, division Mucoromycota. Identifying RNA viruses from clinical isolates of R. microsporus may expand the repertoire of natural therapeutic agents for mucormycosis in the future.IMPORTANCEThe diversity of mycoviruses in fungal hosts in the division Mucoromycota has been underestimated, mainly within the species Rhizopus microsporus. Only five positive-sense RNA genomes had previously been discovered in this species. Because current sequencing methods poorly complete the termini of genomes, we used fragmented and primer-ligated double-stranded RNA sequencing to acquire the full-length genomes. Eleven novel mycoviruses were detected in this study, including the first negative-sense RNA genome reported in R. microsporus. Our findings extend the understanding of the viral diversity in clinical strains of Mucoromycota, may provide insights into the pathogenesis and ecology of this fungus, and may offer therapeutic options.

DOI： 10.1128/msphere.00345-24

Identification of a novel member of the genus Laulavirus (family Phenuiviridae) from the entomopathogenic ascomycete fungus Cordyceps javanica. 査読国際誌

Xinran Cao, Bo Liu, Ziqi Wang, Tianxing Pang, Liying Sun, Hideki Kondo, Junmin Li, Ida Bagus Andika, Shengqi Chi

Archives of virology 169 ( 8 ) 166 - 166 2024年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The virus family Phenuiviridae (order Hareavirales, comprising segmented negative-sense single stranded RNA viruses) has highly diverse members that are known to infect animals, plants, protozoans, and fungi. In this study, we identified a novel phenuivirus infecting a strain of the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps javanica isolated from a small brown plant hopper (Laodelphax striatellus), and this virus was tentatively named "Cordyceps javanica negative-strand RNA virus 1" (CjNRSV1). The CjNRSV1 genome consists of three negative-sense single stranded RNA segments (RNA1-3) with lengths of 7252, 2401, and 1117 nt, respectively. The 3'- and 5'-terminal regions of the RNA1, 2, and 3 segments have identical sequences, and the termini of the RNA segments are complementary to each other, reflecting a common characteristic of viruses in the order Hareavirales. RNA1 encodes a large protein (∼274 kDa) containing a conserved domain for the bunyavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) superfamily, with 57-80% identity to the RdRP encoded by phenuiviruses in the genus Laulavirus. RNA2 encodes a protein (∼79 kDa) showing sequence similarity (47-63% identity) to the movement protein (MP, a plant viral cell-to-cell movement protein)-like protein (MP-L) encoded by RNA2 of laulaviruses. RNA3 encodes a protein (∼28 kDa) with a conserved domain of the phenuivirid nucleocapsid protein superfamily. Phylogenetic analysis using the RdRPs of various phenuiviruses and other unclassified phenuiviruses showed CjNRSV1 to be grouped with established members of the genus Laulavirus. Our results suggest that CjNRSV1 is a novel fungus-infecting member of the genus Laulavirus in the family Phenuiviridae.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-024-06069-5

Argonaute-independent, Dicer-dependent antiviral defense against RNA viruses. 査読国際誌

Yukiyo Sato, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121 ( 25 ) e2322765121 2024年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) is conserved from yeasts to mammals. Dicer recognizes and cleaves virus-derived double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and/or structured single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) into small-interfering RNAs, which guide effector Argonaute to homologous viral RNAs for digestion and inhibit virus replication. Thus, Argonaute is believed to be essential for antiviral RNAi. Here, we show Argonaute-independent, Dicer-dependent antiviral defense against dsRNA viruses using Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight fungus), which is a model filamentous ascomycetous fungus and hosts a variety of viruses. The fungus has two dicer-like genes (dcl1 and dcl2) and four argonaute-like genes (agl1 to agl4). We prepared a suite of single to quadruple agl knockout mutants with or without dcl disruption. We tested these mutants for antiviral activities against diverse dsRNA viruses and ssRNA viruses. Although both DCL2 and AGL2 worked as antiviral players against some RNA viruses, DCL2 without argonaute was sufficient to block the replication of other RNA viruses. Overall, these results indicate the existence of a Dicer-alone defense and different degrees of susceptibility to it among RNA viruses. We discuss what determines the great difference in susceptibility to the Dicer-only defense.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.2322765121

Replication of single viruses across the kingdoms, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. 査読国際誌

Paul Telengech, Kiwamu Hyodo, Hiroaki Ichikawa, Ryusei Kuwata, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121 ( 25 ) e2318150121 2024年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

It is extremely rare that a single virus crosses host barriers across multiple kingdoms. Based on phylogenetic and paleovirological analyses, it has previously been hypothesized that single members of the family Partitiviridae could cross multiple kingdoms. Partitiviridae accommodates members characterized by their simple bisegmented double-stranded RNA genome; asymptomatic infections of host organisms; the absence of an extracellular route for entry in nature; and collectively broad host range. Herein, we show the replicability of single fungal partitiviruses in three kingdoms of host organisms: Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Betapartitiviruses of the phytopathogenic fungusRosellinia necatrix could replicate in protoplasts of the carrot (Daucus carota), Nicotiana benthamiana and Nicotiana tabacum, in some cases reaching a level detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, betapartitiviruses showed more robust replication than the tested alphapartitiviruses. One of the fungal betapartitiviruses, RnPV18, could persistently and stably infect carrot plants regenerated from virion-transfected protoplasts. Both alpha- and betapartitiviruses, although with different host preference, could replicate in two insect cell lines derived from the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Our results indicate the replicability of single partitiviruses in members of three kingdoms and provide insights into virus adaptation, host jumping, and evolution.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.2318150121

Identification of a negative-strand RNA virus with natural plant and fungal hosts. 査読国際誌

Ruoyin Dai, Shian Yang, Tianxing Pang, Mengyuan Tian, Hao Wang, Dong Zhang, Yunfeng Wu, Hideki Kondo, Ida Bagus Andika, Zhensheng Kang, Liying Sun

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 121 ( 12 ) e2319582121 2024年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The presence of viruses that spread to both plant and fungal populations in nature has posed intriguingly scientific question. We found a negative-strand RNA virus related to members of the family Phenuiviridae, named Valsa mali negative-strand RNA virus 1 (VmNSRV1), which induced strong hypovirulence and was prevalent in a population of the phytopathogenic fungus of apple Valsa canker (Valsa mali) infecting apple orchards in the Shaanxi Province of China. Intriguingly, VmNSRV1 encodes a protein with a viral cell-to-cell movement function in plant tissue. Mechanical leaf inoculation showed that VmNSRV1 could systemically infect plants. Moreover, VmNSRV1 was detected in 24 out of 139 apple trees tested in orchards in Shaanxi Province. Fungal inoculation experiments showed that VmNSRV1 could be bidirectionally transmitted between apple plants and V. mali, and VmNSRV1 infection in plants reduced the development of fungal lesions on leaves. Additionally, the nucleocapsid protein encoded by VmNSRV1 is associated with and rearranged lipid droplets in both fungal and plant cells. VmNSRV1 represents a virus that has adapted and spread to both plant and fungal hosts and shuttles between these two organisms in nature (phyto-mycovirus) and is potential to be utilized for the biocontrol method against plant fungal diseases. This finding presents further insights into the virus evolution and adaptation encompassing both plant and fungal hosts.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.2319582121

Decoding the RNA virome of the tree parasite Armillaria provides new insights into the viral community of soil-borne fungi. 査読国際誌

Wajeeha Shamsi, Renate Heinzelmann, Sven Ulrich, Hideki Kondo, Carolina Cornejo

Environmental microbiology 26 ( 2 ) e16583 2024年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The globally distributed basidiomycete genus Armillaria includes wood decomposers that can act as opportunistic parasites, causing deadly root rot on woody plants. To test whether RNA viruses are involved in this opportunistic behaviour, a large isolate collection of five Armillaria species collected over 40 years in Switzerland from trees, dead wood and soil was analysed. De novo assembly of RNA-Seq data revealed 21 viruses, 14 of which belong to putative new species. Two dsRNA viruses and an unclassified Tymovirales are formally described for the first time for Armillaria. One mitovirus occurred with a high prevalence of 71.1%, while all other viruses were much less prevalent (0.6%-16.9%). About half of all viruses were found only in one fungal species, others occurred in 2-6 fungal species. Co-infections of 2-7 viruses per isolate were not uncommon (34.9%), and most viruses persisted circulating within fungal populations for decades. Some viruses were related to viruses associated with other Armillaria species, supporting the hypothesis that virus transmission can occur between different fungal species. Although no specific correlation between viruses and the fungal trophic strategy was found, this study opens new insights into viral diversity hidden in the soil microbiome.

DOI： 10.1111/1462-2920.16583

Possible biological control of ash dieback using the mycoparasite Hymenoscyphus fraxineus mitovirus 2. 査読国際誌

Wajeeha Shamsi, Jana Mittelstrass, Sven Ulrich, Hideki Kondo, Daniel Rigling, Simone Prospero

Phytopathology 114 ( 5 ) 1020 - 1027 2023年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Invasive fungal diseases represent a major threat to forest ecosystems worldwide. As the application of fungicides is often unfeasible and not a sustainable solution, only a few other control options are available, including biological control. In this context, the use of parasitic mycoviruses as biocontrol agents of fungal pathogens has recently gained particular attention. Since the 1990s, the Asian fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus has been causing lethal ash dieback across Europe. In the present study, we investigated the biocontrol potential of the mitovirus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus mitovirus 2 (HfMV2) previously identified in Japanese populations of the pathogen. HfMV2 could be successfully introduced via co-culturing into 16 out of 105 HfMV2-free isolates. Infection with HfMV2 had contrasting effects on fungal growth in vitro, from cryptic to detrimental or beneficial. Virus-infected H. fraxineus isolates whose growth was reduced by HfMV2 showed overall a lower virulence on ash (Fraxinus excelsior) saplings as compared to their isogenic HfMV2-free lines. The results suggest that mycoviruses exist in the native populations of H. fraxineus in Asia that have the potential for biological control of ash dieback in Europe.

DOI： 10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0346-KC

Annual (2023) taxonomic update of RNA-directed RNA polymerase-encoding negative-sense RNA viruses (realm Riboviria: kingdom Orthornavirae: phylum Negarnaviricota). 査読国際誌

Jens H Kuhn, Junya Abe, Scott Adkins, Sergey V Alkhovsky, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J Ballinger, Virendra Kumar Baranwal, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Éric Bergeron, Nadine Biedenkopf, Carol D Blair, Kim R Blasdell, Arnaud G Blouin, Steven B Bradfute, Thomas Briese, Paul A Brown, Ursula J Buchholz, Michael J Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N Charrel, Krishna Kumar Chaturvedi, Kar Mun Chooi, Anya Crane, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, William M de Souza, Rik L de Swart, Humberto Debat, Nolwenn M Dheilly, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, J Felix Drexler, W Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, Andrew J Easton, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Guozhong Feng, Andrew E Firth, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Selma Gago-Zachert, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R Garrison, Thomas R Gaskin, Wenjie Gong, Jean-Paul J Gonzalez, JoëlleGoüy de Bellocq, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H Groschup, Ines Günther, Stephan Günther, John Hammond, Yusuke Hasegawa, Kazusa Hayashi, Jussi Hepojoki, Colleen M Higgins, Seiji Hongō, Masayuki Horie, Holly R Hughes, Adam J Hume, Timothy H Hyndman, Kenichi Ikeda, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Gael Kurath, Lies Laenen, Amy J Lambert, Jiànróng Lǐ, Jun-Min Li, Ran Liu, Igor S Lukashevich, Robin M MacDiarmid, Piet Maes, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H Marshall, Shin-Yi L Marzano, John W McCauley, Ali Mirazimi, Elke Mühlberger, Tomoyuki Nabeshima, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, Beatriz Navarro, José A Navarro, Yutaro Neriya, Sergey V Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R T Nunes, Francisco M Ochoa-Corona, Tomoyuki Okada, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallás, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Colin R Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T Pawęska, Daniel R Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Richard K Plemper, Thomas S Postler, Lee O Rabbidge, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Pedro L Ramos-González, Marius Rehanek, Renato O Resende, Carina A Reyes, Thaís C S Rodrigues, Víctor Romanowski, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Jonathan A Runstadler, Sead Sabanadzovic, Sabrina Sadiq, Maria S Salvato, Takahide Sasaya, Martin Schwemmle, Stephen R Sharpe, Mang Shi, Yoshifumi Shimomoto, Venkidusamy Kavi Sidharthan, Manuela Sironi, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M Spann, Jessica R Spengler, Mark D Stenglein, Ayato Takada, Sawana Takeyama, Akio Tatara, Robert B Tesh, Natalie J Thornburg, Xin Tian, Nicole D Tischler, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Changchun Tu, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E Tzanetakis, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Bert Vanmechelen, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, Thomas B Waltzek, Anna E Whitfield, Yuri I Wolf, Han Xia, Evanthia Xylogianni, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Kazutaka Yano, Gongyin Ye, Zhiming Yuan, F Murilo Zerbini, Guilin Zhang, Song Zhang, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Lu Zhao, Arnfinn Lodden Økland

The Journal of general virology 104 ( 8 ) 2023年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

In April 2023, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by one new family, 14 new genera, and 140 new species. Two genera and 538 species were renamed. One species was moved, and four were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

DOI： 10.1099/jgv.0.001864

Identification of a novel dicistro-like virus associated with the roots of tomato plants. 査読国際誌

Xinran Cao, Ziqi Wang, Jianguo Pang, Liying Sun, Hideki Kondo, Ida Bagus Andika

Archives of virology 168 ( 8 ) 214 - 214 2023年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Viruses belonging to the family Dicistroviridae have a monopartite positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome and infect a variety of arthropods. Using high-throughput sequencing, we detected a novel dicistro-like virus, tentatively named "tomato root-associated dicistro-like virus" (TRaDLV), in the roots of tomato plants showing yellow mosaic symptoms on the leaves. The diseased tomato plants were coinfected with multiple plant viruses, and TRaDLV was present in the roots but not in the leaves. The genome of TRaDLV is 8726 nucleotides in length, excluding the poly(A) tail, and contains two open reading frames (ORFs) separated by an intergenic region (IGR). The TRaDLV genome showed characteristics similar to those of dicistroviruses, including the presence of a 3C-like protease domain, repeated amino acid sequences representing multiple copies of viral genome-linked protein (VPg)-like sequences in the ORF1 polyprotein, and a series of stem-loop structures resembling an internal ribosome entry site in the IGR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that TRaDLV clustered with unclassified dicistro-like viruses from invertebrates or identified in samples of plant-derived material. These findings indicate the existence of a novel dicistro-like virus that may associate with plant roots or a root-inhabiting organism.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-023-05843-1

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hadakaviridae 2023 査読国際誌

Yukiyo Sato, Massimo Turina, Sotaro Chiba, Ryo Okada, Muhammad F. Bhatti, Ioly Kotta-Loizou, Robert H. A. Coutts, Hideki Kondo, Sead Sabanadzovic, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Journal of General Virology 104 ( 1 ) 2023年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Microbiology Society

The family Hadakaviridae, including the genus Hadakavirus, accommodates capsidless viruses with a 10- or 11-segmented positive-sense (+) RNA genome. Currently known hosts are ascomycetous filamentous fungi. Although phylogenetically related to polymycovirids with a segmented double-stranded RNA genome and certain encapsidated picorna-like viruses, hadakavirids are distinct in their lack of a capsid (‘hadaka’ means naked in Japanese) and their consequent inability to be pelleted by conventional ultracentrifugation; they show ribonuclease susceptibility in host tissue homogenates. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Hadakaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/hadakaviridae.

DOI： 10.1099/jgv.0.001820

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Yadokariviridae 2023. 査読国際誌

Yukiyo Sato, Subha Das, Leonardo Velasco, Massimo Turina, Hideki Osaki, Ioly Kotta-Loizou, Robert H A Coutts, Hideki Kondo, Sead Sabanadzovic, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Ictv Report Consortium

The Journal of general virology 104 ( 1 ) 2023年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The family Yadokariviridae, with the genera Alphayadokarivirus and Betayadokarivirus, includes capsidless non-segmented positive-sense (+) RNA viruses that hijack capsids from phylogenetically distant double-stranded RNA viruses. Yadokarivirids likely replicate inside the hijacked heterocapsids using their own RNA-directed RNA polymerase, mimicking dsRNA viruses despite their phylogenetic placement in a (+) RNA virus lineage. Yadokarivirids can have negative or positive impacts on their host fungi, through interactions with the capsid donor dsRNA viruses. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) report on the family Yadokariviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/yadokariviridae.

DOI： 10.1099/jgv.0.001826

2022 taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. 査読国際誌

Jens H Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Sergey V Alkhovsky, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J Ballinger, Martina Bandte, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Éric Bergeron, Nadine Biedenkopf, Laurent Bigarré, Carol D Blair, Kim R Blasdell, Steven B Bradfute, Thomas Briese, Paul A Brown, Rémy Bruggmann, Ursula J Buchholz, Michael J Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H Calisher, Thierry Candresse, Jeremy Carson, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N Charrel, Yuya Chiaki, Anya Crane, Mark Crane, Laurent Dacheux, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, William M de Souza, Rik L de Swart, Nolwenn M Dheilly, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, J Felix Drexler, W Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, Andrew J Easton, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Guozhong Feng, Claudette Feuvrier, Andrew E Firth, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Selma Gago-Zachert, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R Garrison, Scott E Godwin, Jean-Paul J Gonzalez, Joëlle Goüy de Bellocq, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H Groschup, Stephan Günther, John Hammond, Jussi Hepojoki, Melanie M Hierweger, Seiji Hongō, Masayuki Horie, Hidenori Horikawa, Holly R Hughes, Adam J Hume, Timothy H Hyndman, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Fujio Kadono, David G Karlin, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Michel C Koch, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V Koonin, Jarmila Krásová, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Ivan V Kuzmin, Lies Laenen, Amy J Lambert, Jiànróng Lǐ, Jun-Min Li, François Lieffrig, Igor S Lukashevich, Dongsheng Luo, Piet Maes, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H Marshall, Shin-Yi L Marzano, John W McCauley, Ali Mirazimi, Peter G Mohr, Nick J G Moody, Yasuaki Morita, Richard N Morrison, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, José A Navarro, Yutaro Neriya, Sergey V Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Francisco M Ochoa-Corona, Gustavo Palacios, Laurane Pallandre, Vicente Pallás, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Colin R Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T Pawęska, Daniel R Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Richard K Plemper, Thomas S Postler, Françoise Pozet, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Pedro L Ramos-González, Marius Rehanek, Renato O Resende, Carina A Reyes, Víctor Romanowski, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Artemis Rumbou, Jonathan A Runstadler, Melanie Rupp, Sead Sabanadzovic, Takahide Sasaya, Heike Schmidt-Posthaus, Martin Schwemmle, Torsten Seuberlich, Stephen R Sharpe, Mang Shi, Manuela Sironi, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M Spann, Jessica R Spengler, Mark D Stenglein, Ayato Takada, Robert B Tesh, Jana Těšíková, Natalie J Thornburg, Nicole D Tischler, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Kenta Tsunekawa, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E Tzanetakis, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Bert Vanmechelen, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, Anna E Whitfield, John V Williams, Yuri I Wolf, Junki Yamasaki, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Gongyin Ye, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Arnfinn Lodden Økland

Archives of virology 167 ( 12 ) 2857 - 2906 2022年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

In March 2022, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by two new families (bunyaviral Discoviridae and Tulasviridae), 41 new genera, and 98 new species. Three hundred forty-nine species were renamed and/or moved. The accidentally misspelled names of seven species were corrected. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-022-05546-z

Natural Cross-Kingdom Spread of Apple Scar Skin Viroid from Apple Trees to Fungi. 査読国際誌

Mengyuan Tian, Shuang Wei, Ruiling Bian, Jingxian Luo, Haris Ahmed Khan, Huanhuan Tai, Hideki Kondo, Ahmed Hadidi, Ida Bagus Andika, Liying Sun

Cells 11 ( 22 ) 2022年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Viroids are the smallest known infectious agents that are thought to only infect plants. Here, we reveal that several species of plant pathogenic fungi that were isolated from apple trees infected with apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) carried ASSVd naturally. This finding indicates the spread of viroids to fungi under natural conditions and further suggests the possible existence of mycoviroids in nature. A total of 117 fungal isolates were isolated from ASSVd-infected apple trees, with the majority (85.5%) being an ascomycete Alternaria&nbsp;alternata and the remaining isolates being other plant-pathogenic or -endophytic fungi. Out of the examined samples, viroids were detected in 81 isolates (69.2%) including A. alternata as well as other fungal species. The phenotypic comparison of ASSVd-free specimens developed by single-spore isolation and ASSVd-infected fungal isogenic lines showed that ASSVd affected the growth and pathogenicity of certain fungal species. ASSVd confers hypovirulence on ascomycete Epicoccum nigrum. The mycobiome analysis of apple tree-associated fungi showed that ASSVd infection did not generally affect the diversity and structure of fungal communities but specifically increased the abundance of Alternaria species. Taken together, these data reveal the occurrence of the natural spread of viroids to plants; additionally, as an integral component of the ecosystem, viroids may affect the abundance of certain fungal species in plants. Moreover, this study provides further evidence that viroid infection could induce symptoms in certain filamentous fungi.

DOI： 10.3390/cells11223686

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Mymonaviridae 2022. 査読国際誌

Dàohóng Jiāng, María A Ayllón, Shin-Yi L Marzano, Hideki Kondō, Massimo Turina, Ictv Report Consortium

The Journal of general virology 103 ( 11 ) 2022年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Typical members of the family Mymonaviridae produce filamentous, enveloped virions containing a single molecule of linear, negative-sense RNA of about about 10 kb, but some may not produce any virions. The family includes several genera, some with multiple species. Mymonavirids usually infect filamentous fungi, but a few have been identified associated with insects, oomycetes or plants. At least one virus, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative-stranded RNA virus 1, induces hypovirulence in its fungal host. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Mymonaviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/mymonaviridae.

DOI： 10.1099/jgv.0.001787

Identification of novel totiviruses from the ascomycetous fungus Geotrichum candidum. 査読国際誌

Haris Ahmed Khan, Hideki Kondo, Sabitree Shahi, Muhammad Faraz Bhatti, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Archives of virology 2022年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Mycoviruses are widely distributed across the kingdom Fungi, including ascomycetous yeast strains of the class Saccharomycetes. Geotrichum candidum is an important fungal pathogen belonging to Saccharomycetes and has a diverse host range. Here, we report the characterization of four new classical totiviruses from two distinct Geotrichum candidum strains from Pakistan. The four identified viruses were tentatively named "Geotrichum candidum totivirus 1, 2, 3a, and 3b" (GcTV1-3b). The complete dsRNA genomes of the identified totiviruses are 4621, 4592, 4576, and 4576 bp in length, respectively. All totivirus genomes have two open reading frames, encoding a capsid protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), respectively. The downstream RdRP domain is assumed to be expressed as a CP-RdRP fusion product via -1 frameshifting mediated by a heptameric slippery site. Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis showed that each of the discovered viruses belongs to a new species of the genus Totivirus in the family Totiviridae, with GcTV1 and GcTV3 (a and b strains) clustering in one subgroup and GcTV2 in another subgroup.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-022-05611-7

Common but Nonpersistent Acquisitions of Plant Viruses by Plant-Associated Fungi. 査読国際誌

Xinran Cao, Jie Liu, Jianguo Pang, Hideki Kondo, Shengqi Chi, Jianfeng Zhang, Liying Sun, Ida Bagus Andika

Viruses 14 ( 10 ) 2022年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Investigating a virus's host range and cross-infection is important for better understanding the epidemiology and emergence of viruses. Previously, our research group discovered a natural infection of a plant RNA virus, cumber mosaic virus (genus Cucumovirus, family Bromoviridae), in a plant pathogenic basidiomycetous fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, isolated from a potato plant grown in the field. Here, we further extended the study to investigate whether similar cross-infection of plant viruses occurs widely in plant-associated fungi in natural conditions. Various vegetable plants such as spinach, leaf mustard, radish, celery, and other vegetables that showed typical virus-like diseases were collected from the fields in Shandong Province, China. High-throughput sequencing revealed that at least 11 known RNA viruses belonging to different genera, including Potyvirus, Fabavirus, Polerovirus, Waikavirus, and Cucumovirus, along with novel virus candidates belonging to other virus genera, infected or associated with the collected vegetable plants, and most of the leaf samples contained multiple plant viruses. A large number of filamentous fungal strains were isolated from the vegetable leaf samples and subjected to screening for the presence of plant viruses. RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing of the PCR products revealed that among the 169 fungal strains tested, around 50% were carrying plant viruses, and many of the strains harbored multiple plant viruses. The plant viruses detected in the fungal isolates were diverse (10 virus species) and not limited to particular virus genera. However, after prolonged maintenance of the fungal culture in the laboratory, many of the fungal strains have lost the virus. Sequencing of the fungal DNA indicated that most of the fungal strains harboring plant viruses were related to plant pathogenic and/or endophytic fungi belonging to the genera Alternaria, Lecanicillium, and Sarocladium. These observations suggest that the nonpersistent acquisition of plant viruses by fungi may commonly occur in nature. Our findings highlight a possible role for fungi in the life cycle, spread, and evolution of plant viruses.

DOI： 10.3390/v14102279

Novel RNA viruses from the native range of Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal fungal agent of ash dieback. 査読国際誌

Wajeeha Shamsi, Hideki Kondo, Sven Ulrich, Daniel Rigling, Simone Prospero

Virus research 320 198901 - 198901 2022年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The native Japanese population of the fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, the causal agent of ash dieback in Europe, was screened for viruses using a high-throughput sequencing method. Five RNA viruses were detected in 116 fungal isolates sequenced via Illumina RNA-seq platform, with an overall virus prevalence of 11.2%. The viruses were completely sequenced by RNA ligase mediated rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RLM-RACE) followed by Sanger sequencing. The sequences appear to represent new species from three established families (Mito-, Endorna- and Partitiviridae), one recognized genus (Botybirnavirus) and a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus in the order Bunyavirales from the proposed family "Mybuviridae". The highest prevalence was found for the mitovirus (7.8%), that had two genomic forms (linear and circular), while the other viruses were detected each in one isolate. Co-infection of a mitovirus and an endornavirus was also observed in one of the infected isolates. Here we describe the molecular characterization of the identified viruses. This study expands the diversity of viruses in H. fraxineus and provides the basis for investigating the virus-mediated control of ash dieback in Europe.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2022.198901

Three-Layered Complex Interactions among Capsidless (+)ssRNA Yadokariviruses, dsRNA Viruses, and a Fungus 査読国際誌

Yukiyo Sato, Sakae Hisano, Carlos José López-Herrera, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

mBio 13 ( 5 ) e0168522 2022年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：American Society for Microbiology

A capsidless (+)ssRNA virus YkV1 (family Yadokariviridae ) highjacks the capsid of an unrelated dsRNA virus YnV1 (proposed family “ Yadonushiviridae ”) in a phytopathogenic ascomycete, while YkV1 trans -enhances YnV1 replication. Herein, we identified the dsRNA virus partners of three yadokariviruses (YkV3, YkV4a, and YkV4b) with genome organization different from YkV1 as being different from YnV1 at the suborder level.

DOI： 10.1128/mbio.01685-22

A Transfectable Fusagravirus from a Japanese Strain of Cryphonectria carpinicola with Spherical Particles. 査読国際誌

Subha Das, Sakae Hisano, Ana Eusebio-Cope, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Viruses 14 ( 8 ) 2022年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

A novel dsRNA virus (Cryphonectria carpinicola fusagravirus 1, CcFGV1), isolated from a Japanese strain (JS13) of Cryphonectria carpinicola, was thoroughly characterized. The biological comparison of a set of isogenic CcFGV1-infected and -free (JS13VF) strains indicated asymptomatic infection by CcFGV1. The sequence analysis showed that the virus has a two open reading frame (ORF) genome of 9.6 kbp with the RNA-directed RNA polymerase domain encoded by ORF2. The N-terminal sequencing and peptide mass fingerprinting showed an N-terminally processed or degraded product (150 kDa) of the 5'-proximal ORF1-encoded protein (1462 amino acids) to make up the CcFGV1 spherical particles of ~40 nm in diameter. Interestingly, a portion of CcFGV1 dsRNA co-fractionated with a host protein of 70 kDa. The purified CcFGV1 particles were used to transfect protoplasts of JS13VF as well as the standard strain of an experimental model filamentous fungal host Cryphonectria parasitica. CcFGV1 was confirmed to be associated with asymptomatic infection of both fungi. RNA silencing was shown to target the virus in C. parasitica, resulting in reduced CcFGV1 accumulation by comparing the CcFGV1 content between RNA silencing-competent and -deficient strains. These results indicate the transfectability of spherical particles of a fusagravirus associated with asymptomatic infection.

DOI： 10.3390/v14081722

Mycovirus Hunting Revealed the Presence of Diverse Viruses in a Single Isolate of the Phytopathogenic Fungus Diplodia seriata From Pakistan 査読

Haris Ahmed Khan, Paul Telengech, Hideki Kondo, Muhammad Faraz Bhatti, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 12 2022年6月

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Frontiers Media SA

Diplodia seriata in the family Botryosphaeriaceae is a cosmopolitan phytopathogenic fungus and is responsible for causing cankers, fruit rot and leaf spots on economically important plants. In this study, we characterized the virome of a single Pakistani strain (L3) of D. seriata. Several viral-like contig sequences were obtained via a previously conducted next-generation sequencing analysis. Multiple infection of the L3 strain by eight RNA mycoviruses was confirmed through RT-PCR using total RNA samples extracted from this strain; the entire genomes were determined via Sanger sequencing of RT-PCR and RACE clones. A BLAST search and phylogenetic analyses indicated that these eight mycoviruses belong to seven different viral families. Four identified mycoviruses belong to double-stranded RNA viral families, including Polymycoviridae, Chrysoviridae, Totiviridae and Partitiviridae, and the remaining four identified mycoviruses belong to single-stranded RNA viral families, i.e., Botourmiaviridae, and two previously proposed families “Ambiguiviridae” and “Splipalmiviridae”. Of the eight, five mycoviruses appear to represent new virus species. A morphological comparison of L3 and partially cured strain L3ht1 suggested that one or more of the three viruses belonging to Polymycoviridae, “Splipalmiviridae” and “Ambiguiviridae” are involved in the irregular colony phenotype of L3. To our knowledge, this is the first report of diverse virome characterization from D. seriata.

DOI： 10.3389/fcimb.2022.913619

Coat protein of Chinese wheat mosaic virus upregulates and interacts with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a negative regulator of plant autophagy, to promote virus infection. 査読国際誌

Erbo Niu, Chaozheng Ye, Wanying Zhao, Hideki Kondo, Yunfeng Wu, Jianping Chen, Ida Bagus Andika, Liying Sun

Journal of integrative plant biology 2022年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism involved in antiviral defense, but the strategies employed by plant viruses to counteract autophagy-related defense remain unknown for the majority of the viruses. Herein, we describe how the Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV, genus Furovirus) interferes with autophagy and enhances its infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Yeast two-hybrid screening and in vivo/in vitro assays revealed that the 19 kDa coat protein (CP19K) of CWMV interacts with cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPCs), negative regulators of autophagy, which bind autophagy-related protein 3 (ATG3), a key factor in autophagy. CP19K also directly interacts with ATG3, possibly leading to the formation of a CP19K-GAPC-ATG3 complex. CP19K-GAPC interaction appeared to intensify CP19K-ATG3 binding. Moreover, CP19K expression upregulated GAPC gene transcripts and reduced autophagic activities. Accordingly, the silencing of GAPC genes in transgenic N. benthamiana reduced CWMV accumulation, whereas CP19K overexpression enhanced it. Overall, our results suggest that CWMV CP19K interferes with autophagy through the promotion and utilization of the GAPC role as a negative regulator of autophagy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1111/jipb.13313

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Rhabdoviridae 2022. 査読国際誌

Peter J Walker, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Nicolas Bejerman, Kim R Blasdell, Rachel Breyta, Ralf G Dietzgen, Anthony R Fooks, Hideki Kondo, Gael Kurath, Ivan V Kuzmin, Pedro Luis Ramos-González, Mang Shi, David M Stone, Robert B Tesh, Noël Tordo, Nikos Vasilakis, Anna E Whitfield, Ictv Report Consortium

The Journal of general virology 103 ( 6 ) 2022年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The family Rhabdoviridae comprises viruses with negative-sense (-) RNA genomes of 10-16 kb. Virions are typically enveloped with bullet-shaped or bacilliform morphology but can also be non-enveloped filaments. Rhabdoviruses infect plants or animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians or fish, as well as arthropods, which serve as single hosts or act as biological vectors for transmission to animals or plants. Rhabdoviruses include important pathogens of humans, livestock, fish or agricultural crops. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Rhabdoviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/rhabdoviridae.

DOI： 10.1099/jgv.0.001689

A novel deltapartitivirus from red clover. 査読国際誌

Paul Telengech, Sabitree Shahi, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Archives of virology 167 ( 4 ) 1201 - 1204 2022年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The family Partitiviridae has five genera, among which is the genus Deltapartitivirus. We report here the complete genome sequence of a deltapartitivirus from red clover, termed "red clover cryptic virus 3" (RCCV3). RCCV3 has a bisegmented double-stranded (ds) RNA genome. dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 are 1580 and 1589 nucleotides (nt) in length and are predicted to encode an RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRP) and a capsid protein (CP), respectively. The RCCV3 RdRP shares the highest sequence identity with the RdRP of a previously reported deltapartitivirus, Medicago sativa deltapartitivirus 1 (MsDPV1) (76.5%), while the RCCV3 CP shows 50% sequence identity to the CP of MsDPV1. RdRP- and CP-based phylogenetic trees place RCCV3 into a clade of deltapartitiviruses. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses clearly indicate that RCCV3 represents a new species in the genus Deltapartitivirus. RCCV3 was detectable in all three tested cultivars of red clover.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-022-05372-3

A novel victorivirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Neofusicoccum parvum. 査読国際誌

Haris Ahmed Khan, Yukiyo Sato, Hideki Kondo, Atif Jamal, Muhammad Faraz Bhatti, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Archives of virology 167 ( 3 ) 923 - 929 2022年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Neofusicoccum parvum is an important plant-pathogenic ascomycetous fungus that causes trunk diseases in a variety of plants. A limited number of reports on mycoviruses from this fungus are available. Here, we report the characterization of a novel victorivirus, Neofusicoccum parvum victorivirus 3 (NpVV3). An agarose gel dsRNA profile of a Pakistani strain of N. parvum, NFN, showed a band of ~5 kbp that was not detectable in Japanese strains of N. parvum. Taking a high-throughput and Sanger sequencing approach, the complete genome sequence of NpVV3 was determined to be 5226 bp in length with two open reading frames (ORF1 and ORF2) that encode a capsid protein (CP) and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP). The RdRP appears to be translated by a stop/restart mechanism facilitated by the junction sequence AUGucUGA, as is found in some other victoriviruses. BLASTp searches showed that NpVV3 CP and RdRP share the highest amino acid sequence identity (80.5% and 72.4%, respectively) with the corresponding proteins of NpVV1 isolated from a French strain of N. parvum. However, NpVV3 was found to be different from NpVV1 in its terminal sequences and the stop/restart facilitator sequence. NpVV3 particles ~35 nm in diameter were partially purified and used to infect an antiviral-RNA-silencing-deficient strain (∆dcl2) of an experimental ascomycetous fungal host, Cryphonectria parasitica. NpVV3 showed symptomless infection in the new host strain.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-021-05304-7

Plant viruses and viroids in Japan 査読

Shin ichi Fuji, Tomofumi Mochizuki, Mitsuru Okuda, Shinya Tsuda, Satoshi Kagiwada, Ken Taro Sekine, Masashi Ugaki, Keiko T. Natsuaki, Masamichi Isogai, Tetsuo Maoka, Minoru Takeshita, Nobuyuki Yoshikawa, Kazuyuki Mise, Takahide Sasaya, Hideki Kondo, Kenji Kubota, Yasuyuki Yamaji, Toru Iwanami, Kazusato Ohshima, Kappei Kobayashi, Tatsuji Hataya, Teruo Sano, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Journal of General Plant Pathology 88 ( 2 ) 105 - 127 2022年3月

An increasing number of plant viruses and viroids have been reported from all over the world due largely to metavirogenomics approaches with technological innovation. Herein, the official changes of virus taxonomy, including the establishment of megataxonomy and amendments of the codes of virus classification and nomenclature, recently made by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses were summarized. The continued efforts of the plant virology community of Japan to index all plant viruses and viroids occurring in Japan, which represent 407 viruses, including 303 virus species and 104 unclassified viruses, and 25 viroids, including 20 species and 5 unclassified viroids, as of October 2021, were also introduced. These viruses and viroids are collectively classified into 81 genera within 26 families of 3 kingdoms (Shotokuvirae, Orthornavirae, Pararnavirae) across 2 realms (Monodnaviria and Riboviria). This review also overviewed how Japan’s plant virus/viroid studies have contributed to advance virus/viroid taxonomy.

DOI： 10.1007/s10327-022-01051-y

A new tetra-segmented splipalmivirus with divided RdRP domains from Cryphonectria naterciae, a fungus found on chestnut and cork oak trees in Europe. 査読国際誌

Yukiyo Sato, Sabitree Shahi, Paul Telengech, Sakae Hisano, Carolina Cornejo, Daniel Rigling, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Virus research 307 198606 - 198606 2022年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Positive-sense (+), single-stranded (ss) RNA viruses with divided RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) domains have been reported from diverse filamentous ascomycetes since 2020. These viruses are termed splipalmiviruses or polynarnaviruses and have been characterized largely at the sequence level, but ill-defined biologically. Cryphonectria naterciae, from which only one virus has been reported, is an ascomycetous fungus potentially plant-pathogenic to chestnut and oak trees. We molecularly characterized multiple viruses in a single Portuguese isolate (C0614) of C. naterciae, taking a metatranscriptomic and conventional double-stranded RNA approach. Among them are a novel splipalmivirus (Cryphonectria naterciae splipalmivirus 1, CnSpV1) and a novel fusagravirus (Cryphonectria naterciae fusagravirus 1, CnFGV1). This study focused on the former virus. CnSpV1 has a tetra-segmented, (+)ssRNA genome (RNA1 to RNA4). As observed for other splipalmiviruses reported in 2020 and 2021, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain is separately encoded by RNA1 (motifs F, A and B) and RNA2 (motifs C and D). A hypothetical protein encoded by the 5'-proximal open reading frame of RNA3 shows similarity to a counterpart conserved in some splipalmiviruses. The other RNA3-encoded protein and RNA4-encoded protein show no similarity with known proteins in a blastp search. The tetra-segment nature was confirmed by the conserved terminal sequences of the four CnSpV1 segments (RNA1 to RNA4) and their 100% coexistence in over 100 single conidial isolates tested. The experimental introduction of CnSpV1 along with CnFGV1 into a virus free strain C0754 of C. naterciae vegetatively incompatible with C0614 resulted in no phenotypic alteration, suggesting asymptomatic infection. The protoplast fusion assay indicates a considerably narrow host range of CnSpV1, restricted to the species C. naterciae and C. carpinicola. This study contributes to better understanding of the molecular and biological properties of this unique group of viruses.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198606

Distinctive in vitro ATP Hydrolysis Activity of AtVIPP1, a Chloroplastic ESCRT-III Superfamily Protein in Arabidopsis. 査読国際誌

Norikazu Ohnishi, Manabu Sugimoto, Hideki Kondo, Ken-Ichi Shioya, Lingang Zhang, Wataru Sakamoto

Frontiers in plant science 13 949578 - 949578 2022年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Vesicle-inducing protein in plastid 1 (VIPP1), characteristic to oxygenic photosynthetic organisms, is a membrane-remodeling factor that forms homo-oligomers and functions in thylakoid membrane formation and maintenance. The cyanobacterial VIPP1 structure revealed a monomeric folding pattern similar to that of endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) III. Characteristic to VIPP1, however, is its own GTP and ATP hydrolytic activity without canonical domains. In this study, we found that histidine-tagged Arabidopsis VIPP1 (AtVIPP1) hydrolyzed GTP and ATP to produce GDP and ADP in vitro, respectively. Unexpectedly, the observed GTPase and ATPase activities were biochemically distinguishable, because the ATPase was optimized for alkaline conditions and dependent on Ca2+ as well as Mg2+, with a higher affinity for ATP than GTP. We found that a version of AtVIPP1 protein with a mutation in its nucleotide-binding site, as deduced from the cyanobacterial structure, retained its hydrolytic activity, suggesting that Arabidopsis and cyanobacterial VIPP1s have different properties. Negative staining particle analysis showed that AtVIPP1 formed particle or rod structures that differed from those of cyanobacteria and Chlamydomonas. These results suggested that the nucleotide hydrolytic activity and oligomer formation of VIPP1 are common in photosynthetic organisms, whereas their properties differ among species.

DOI： 10.3389/fpls.2022.949578

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. 査読国際誌

Jens H Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Bernard R Agwanda, Rim Al Kubrusli, Sergey V Alkhovsky, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J Ballinger, Christopher F Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Nicolas Bejerman, Andrew J Bennett, Dennis A Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H Bird, Carol D Blair, Kim R Blasdell, Dag-Ragnar Blystad, Jamie Bojko, Wayne B Borth, Steven Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A Brown, Judith K Brown, Ursula J Buchholz, Michael J Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Carmen Büttner, Charles H Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N Charrel, Qi Cheng, Yuya Chiaki, Marco Chiapello, Il-Ryong Choi, Marina Ciuffo, J Christopher S Clegg, Ian Crozier, Elena Dal Bó, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rik L de Swart, Humberto Debat, Nolwenn M Dheilly, Emiliano Di Cicco, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Olga Dolnik, Michael A Drebot, J Felix Drexler, William G Dundon, W Paul Duprex, Ralf Dürrwald, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Hugh W Ferguson, Anthony R Fooks, Marco Forgia, Pierre B H Formenty, Jana Fránová, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Jingjing Fu, Stephanie Fürl, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R Garrison, Thomas Gaskin, Jean-Paul J Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Tony L Goldberg, Martin H Groschup, Stephan Günther, Roy A Hall, John Hammond, Tong Han, Jussi Hepojoki, Roger Hewson, Jiang Hong, Ni Hong, Seiji Hongo, Masayuki Horie, John S Hu, Tao Hu, Holly R Hughes, Florian Hüttner, Timothy H Hyndman, M Ilyas, Risto Jalkanen, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gilda B Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Fujio Kadono, Karia H Kaukinen, Michael Kawate, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Igor Koloniuk, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Kenji Kubota, Gael Kurath, Lies Laenen, Amy J Lambert, Stanley L Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elliot J Lefkowitz, Eric M Leroy, Shaorong Li, Longhui Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Huazhen Liu, Igor S Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel de Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H Marshall, Shin-Yi L Marzano, Sebastien Massart, John W McCauley, Michael Melzer, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Kristina M Miller, Tobi J Ming, Ali Mirazimi, Gideon J Mordecai, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, José A Navarro, Sergey V Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R T Nunes, Alejandro Olmedo-Velarde, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallás, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Adam C Park, Colin R Parrish, David A Patterson, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T Pawęska, Susan Payne, Carlotta Peracchio, Daniel R Pérez, Thomas S Postler, Liying Qi, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Renato O Resende, Carina A Reyes, Bertus K Rima, Gabriel Robles Luna, Víctor Romanowski, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Luisa Rubino, Jonathan A Runstadler, Sead Sabanadzovic, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S Salvato, Rosemary Sang, Takahide Sasaya, Angela D Schulze, Martin Schwemmle, Mang Shi, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yoshifumi Shimomoto, Yukio Shirako, Stuart G Siddell, Peter Simmonds, Manuela Sironi, Guy Smagghe, Sophie Smither, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten Spann, Jessica R Spengler, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Jari Sugano, Curtis A Suttle, Amy Tabata, Ayato Takada, Shigeharu Takeuchi, David P Tchouassi, Amy Teffer, Robert B Tesh, Natalie J Thornburg, Yasuhiro Tomitaka, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Baldwyn Torto, Jonathan S Towner, Shinya Tsuda, Changchun Tu, Massimo Turina, Ioannis E Tzanetakis, Janice Uchida, Tomio Usugi, Anna Maria Vaira, Marta Vallino, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Susanne von Bargen, Jiro Wada, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Guoping Wang, Yanxiang Wang, Yaqin Wang, Muhammad Waqas, Tàiyún Wèi, Shaohua Wen, Anna E Whitfield, John V Williams, Yuri I Wolf, Jiangxiang Wu, Lei Xu, Hironobu Yanagisawa, Caixia Yang, Zuokun Yang, F Murilo Zerbini, Lifeng Zhai, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Song Zhang, Jinguo Zhang, Zhe Zhang, Xueping Zhou

Archives of virology 166 ( 12 ) 3513 - 3566 2021年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-021-05143-6

Assessment of mycoviral diversity in Pakistani fungal isolates revealed infection by 11 novel viruses of a single strain of Fusarium mangiferae isolate SP1. 査読国際誌

Haris Ahmed Khan, Wajeeha Shamsi, Atif Jamal, Memoona Javaied, Mashal Sadiq, Tehsin Fatma, Aqeel Ahmed, Maleeha Arshad, Mubashra Waseem, Samra Babar, Midhat Mustafa Dogar, Nasar Virk, Hussnain Ahmed Janjua, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Muhammad Faraz Bhatti

The Journal of general virology 102 ( 12 ) 2021年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

An extensive screening survey was conducted on Pakistani filamentous fungal isolates for the identification of viral infections. A total of 396 fungal samples were screened, of which 36 isolates were found double-stranded (ds) RNA positive with an overall frequency of 9% when analysed by a classical dsRNA isolation method. One of 36 dsRNA-positive strains, strain SP1 of a plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium mangiferae, was subjected to virome analysis. Next-generation sequencing and subsequent completion of the entire genome sequencing by a classical Sanger sequencing method showed the SP1 strain to be co-infected by 11 distinct viruses, at least seven of which should be described as new taxa at the species level according to the ICTV (International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses) species demarcation criteria. The newly identified F. mangiferae viruses (FmVs) include two partitivirids, one betapartitivirus (FmPV1) and one gammapartitivirus (FmPV2); six mitovirids, three unuamitovirus (FmMV2, FmMV4, FmMV6), one duamitovirus (FmMV5), and two unclassified mitovirids (FmMV1, FmMV3); and three botourmiavirids, two magoulivirus (FmBOV1, FmBOV3) and one scleroulivirus (FmBOV2). The number of coinfecting viruses is among the largest ones of fungal coinfections. Their molecular features are thoroughly described here. This represents the first large virus survey in the Indian sub-continent.

DOI： 10.1099/jgv.0.001690

Omnipresence of Partitiviruses in Rice Aggregate Sheath Spot Symptom-Associated Fungal Isolates from Paddies in Thailand. 査読

Sokty Neang, Santiti Bincader, Sansern Rangsuwan, Pisut Keawmanee, Soriya Rin, Lakha Salaipeth, Subha Das, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Ikuo Sato, Daigo Takemoto, Chainarong Rattanakreetakul, Ratiya Pongpisutta, Masao Arakawa, Sotaro Chiba

Viruses 13 ( 11 ) 2269 2021年11月

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Partitiviruses are one of the most prevalent double-stranded RNA viruses that have been identified mostly in filamentous fungi and plants. Partitiviruses generally infect host fungi asymptomatically but infrequently exert significant effect(s) on morphology and virulence, thus being considered a potential source of biological control agents against pathogenic fungi. In this study, we performed a screening for mycoviruses of a collection of Thai isolates of rice fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae, a causal agent of rice aggregated sheath spot disease. As a result, 36% of tested isolates carried potentially viral double-stranded RNAs with sizes ranging from 2 to 3 kbp. By conventional cDNA library construction and RNA-seq, we determined six new alphapartitiviruses that infected three isolates: tentatively named Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae partitivirus 1 to 6 (RosPV1-6). Furthermore, RT-PCR detection of each virus revealed their omnipresent nature in different R. oryzaesativae isolates. Although virus-curing of basidiomycetous fungi is generally difficult, our repeated attempts successfully obtained virus-free (for RosPV1, RosPV2, and uncharacterized partitiviruses), isogenic strain of R. oryzae-sativae TSS190442. The virus-cured strain showed slightly faster colony growth on the synthetic media and severe symptom development on the rice sheath compared to its virus-infected counterpart. Overall, this study shed light on the distribution of partitiviruses in R. oryzae-sativae in a paddy environment and exemplified a virus-curing protocol that may be applicable for other basidiomycetous fungi.

DOI： 10.3390/v13112269

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Nyamiviridae 2021. 査読国際誌

Ralf G Dietzgen, Andrew E Firth, Dàohóng Jiāng, Sandra Junglen, Hideki Kondo, Jens H Kuhn, Sofia Paraskevopoulou, Nikos Vasilakis, Ictv Report Consortium

The Journal of general virology 102 ( 11 ) 2021年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Nyamiviridae is a family of viruses in the order Mononegavirales, with unsegmented (except for members of the genus Tapwovirus), negative-sense RNA genomes of 10-13 kb. Nyamviruses have a genome organisation and content similar to that of other mononegaviruses. Nyamiviridae includes several genera that form monophyletic clades on phylogenetic analysis of the RNA polymerase. Nyamiviruses have been found associated with diverse invertebrates as well as land- and seabirds. Members of the genera Nyavirus and Socyvirus produce enveloped, spherical virions. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the family Nyamiviridae, which is available at ictv.global/report/nyamiviridae.

DOI： 10.1099/jgv.0.001681

Epidemic progress of beet necrotic yellow vein virus: Evidence from an investigation in Japan spanning half a century 査読

Ryo Nakagami, Sotaro Chiba, Naoto Yoshida, Yoshiteru Senoo, Minako Iketani-Saito, Satoru Iketani, Hideki Kondo, Tetsuo Tamada

PLANT PATHOLOGY 2021年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is the causal agent of rhizomania, the most serious sugar beet disease worldwide. Since the first finding in Japan in 1969, BNYVV became widespread throughout Hokkaido in a few decades and led to the introduction of Rz1-resistant sugar beet cultivars in the 1990s. Here, we report the historical progress of the BNYVV epidemic in Hokkaido from 1969 to 2019. Previous analysis on samples from 1991 showed that BNYVV isolates were classified into three strains (named O, D, and T) based on the RNA3-encoded p25 gene. The O-type viruses were widely detected in Hokkaido, while the D- and T-type viruses were detected in limited areas. The RNA5, encoding the p26 gene, was initially contained in some D- and O-type isolates but not in any T-type isolates. Interestingly, recent sample analysis revealed that RNA5-containing T-type viruses, seemingly more virulent than the other two strains, were widely detected in Hokkaido. Additionally, a small group of virus isolates harbouring a new p25 gene (named C) was found in limited areas. These results suggest that the T-type viruses, which accompanied RNA5, have been preferentially spread from a limited area to other districts over the last few decades and that this spread might be strongly associated with the recent introduction of Rz1-resistant sugar beet cultivars. BNYVV-positive samples also contained mainly beet soil-borne virus and traces of beet virus Q, both of which are the first to be recorded in Japan.

DOI： 10.1111/ppa.13504

A second capsidless hadakavirus strain with 10 positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomic segments from Fusarium nygamai. 国際誌

Haris Ahmed Khan, Yukiyo Sato, Hideki Kondo, Atif Jamal, Muhammad Faraz Bhatti, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Archives of virology 166 ( 10 ) 2711 - 2722 2021年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

A unique capsidless virus with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome (hadakavirus 1, HadV1), a member of the extended picorna-like supergroup, was isolated previously from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Here, we describe the molecular and biological characterisation of a second hadakavirus strain from Fusarium nygamai, which has not been investigated in detail previously as a virus host. This virus, hadakavirus 1 strain 1NL (HadV1-1NL), has features similar to the first hadakavirus, HadV1-7n, despite having a different number of segments (10 for HadV1-1NL vs. 11 for HadV1-7n). The 10 genomic RNA segments of HadV1-1NL range in size from 0.9 kb to 2.5 kb. All HadV1-1NL segments show 67% to 86% local nucleotide sequence identity to their HadV1-7n counterparts, whereas HadV1-1NL has no homolog of HadV1-7n RNA8, which encodes a zinc-finger motif. Another interesting feature is the possible coding incapability of HadV1-1NL RNA10. HadV1-1NL was predicted to be capsidless based on the RNase A susceptibility of its replicative form dsRNA. Phenotypic comparison of multiple virus-infected and virus-free single-spore isolates indicated asymptomatic infection by HadV1-1NL. Less-efficient vertical transmission via spores was observed as the infected fungal colonies from which the spores were derived became older, as was observed for HadV1-7n. This study shows a second example of a hadakavirus that appears to have unusual features.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-021-05176-x

Cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1 with unique molecular features and a very narrow host range. 国際誌

Sabitree Shahi, Sotaro Chiba, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Virology 554 55 - 65 2021年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1 (CnCV1), was described earlier from an ascomycetous fungus, Cryphonectria nitschkei strain OB5/11, collected in Japan; its partial sequence was reported a decade ago. Complete sequencing of the four genomic dsRNA segments revealed molecular features similar to but distinct from previously reported members of the family Chrysoviridae. Unique features include the presence of a mini-cistron preceding the major large open reading frame in each genomic segment. Common features include the presence of CAA repeats in the 5'-untranslated regions and conserved terminal sequences. CnCV1-OB5/11 could be laterally transferred to C. nitschkei and its relatives C. radicalis and C. naterciae via coculturing, virion transfection and protoplast fusion, but not to fungal species other than the three species mentioned above, even within the genus Cryphonectria, suggesting a very narrow host range. Phenotypic comparison of a few sets of CnCV1-infected and -free isogenic strains showed symptomless infection in new hosts.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virol.2020.11.011

Identification of an RNA Silencing Suppressor Encoded by a Symptomless Fungal Hypovirus, Cryphonectria Hypovirus 4. 国際誌

Annisa Aulia, Kiwamu Hyodo, Sakae Hisano, Hideki Kondo, Bradley I Hillman, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Biology 10 ( 2 ) 2021年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Previously, we have reported the ability of a symptomless hypovirus Cryphonectria hypovirus 4 (CHV4) of the chestnut blight fungus to facilitate stable infection by a co-infecting mycoreovirus 2 (MyRV2)-likely through the inhibitory effect of CHV4 on RNA silencing (Aulia et al., Virology, 2019). In this study, the N-terminal portion of the CHV4 polyprotein, termed p24, is identified as an autocatalytic protease capable of suppressing host antiviral RNA silencing. Using a bacterial expression system, CHV4 p24 is shown to cleave autocatalytically at the di-glycine peptide (Gly214-Gly215) of the polyprotein through its protease activity. Transgenic expression of CHV4 p24 in Cryphonectria parasitica suppresses the induction of one of the key genes of the antiviral RNA silencing, dicer-like 2, and stabilizes the infection of RNA silencing-susceptible virus MyRV2. This study shows functional similarity between CHV4 p24 and its homolog p29, encoded by the symptomatic prototype hypovirus CHV1.

DOI： 10.3390/biology10020100

2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. 国際誌

Jens H Kuhn, Scott Adkins, Daniela Alioto, Sergey V Alkhovsky, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Simon J Anthony, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, María A Ayllón, Justin Bahl, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Matthew J Ballinger, Tomáš Bartonička, Christopher Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Dennis A Bente, Éric Bergeron, Brian H Bird, Carol Blair, Kim R Blasdell, Steven B Bradfute, Rachel Breyta, Thomas Briese, Paul A Brown, Ursula J Buchholz, Michael J Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Felicity Burt, Nihal Buzkan, Charles H Calisher, Mengji Cao, Inmaculada Casas, John Chamberlain, Kartik Chandran, Rémi N Charrel, Biao Chen, Michela Chiumenti, Il-Ryong Choi, J Christopher S Clegg, Ian Crozier, John V da Graça, Elena Dal Bó, Alberto M R Dávila, Juan Carlos de la Torre, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rik L de Swart, Patrick L Di Bello, Nicholas Di Paola, Francesco Di Serio, Ralf G Dietzgen, Michele Digiaro, Valerian V Dolja, Olga Dolnik, Michael A Drebot, Jan Felix Drexler, Ralf Dürrwald, Lucie Dufkova, William G Dundon, W Paul Duprex, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Toufic Elbeaino, Koray Ergünay, Jorlan Fernandes, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Leonie F Forth, Ron A M Fouchier, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Selma Gago-Zachert, George Fú Gāo, María Laura García, Adolfo García-Sastre, Aura R Garrison, Aiah Gbakima, Tracey Goldstein, Jean-Paul J Gonzalez, Anthony Griffiths, Martin H Groschup, Stephan Günther, Alexandro Guterres, Roy A Hall, John Hammond, Mohamed Hassan, Jussi Hepojoki, Satu Hepojoki, Udo Hetzel, Roger Hewson, Bernd Hoffmann, Seiji Hongo, Dirk Höper, Masayuki Horie, Holly R Hughes, Timothy H Hyndman, Amara Jambai, Rodrigo Jardim, Dàohóng Jiāng, Qi Jin, Gilda B Jonson, Sandra Junglen, Serpil Karadağ, Karen E Keller, Boris Klempa, Jonas Klingström, Gary Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Gael Kurath, Ivan V Kuzmin, Lies Laenen, Robert A Lamb, Amy J Lambert, Stanley L Langevin, Benhur Lee, Elba R S Lemos, Eric M Leroy, Dexin Li, Jiànróng Lǐ, Mifang Liang, Wénwén Liú, Yàn Liú, Igor S Lukashevich, Piet Maes, William Marciel de Souza, Marco Marklewitz, Sergio H Marshall, Giovanni P Martelli, Robert R Martin, Shin-Yi L Marzano, Sébastien Massart, John W McCauley, Nicole Mielke-Ehret, Angelantonio Minafra, Maria Minutolo, Ali Mirazimi, Hans-Peter Mühlbach, Elke Mühlberger, Rayapati Naidu, Tomohide Natsuaki, Beatriz Navarro, José A Navarro, Sergey V Netesov, Gabriele Neumann, Norbert Nowotny, Márcio R T Nunes, Are Nylund, Arnfinn L Økland, Renata C Oliveira, Gustavo Palacios, Vicente Pallas, Bernadett Pályi, Anna Papa, Colin R Parrish, Alex Pauvolid-Corrêa, Janusz T Pawęska, Susan Payne, Daniel R Pérez, Florian Pfaff, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Aziz-Ul Rahman, Pedro L Ramos-González, Renato O Resende, Carina A Reyes, Bertus K Rima, Víctor Romanowski, Gabriel Robles Luna, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Jonathan A Runstadler, Daniel Ruzek, Sead Sabanadzovic, Jiří Salát, Amadou Alpha Sall, Maria S Salvato, Kamil Sarpkaya, Takahide Sasaya, Martin Schwemmle, Muhammad Z Shabbir, Xiǎohóng Shí, Zhènglì Shí, Yukio Shirako, Peter Simmonds, Jana Širmarová, Manuela Sironi, Sophie Smither, Teemu Smura, Jin-Won Song, Kirsten M Spann, Jessica R Spengler, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Petra Straková, Ayato Takada, Robert B Tesh, Natalie J Thornburg, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S Towner, Massimo Turina, Ioannis Tzanetakis, Rainer G Ulrich, Anna Maria Vaira, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Arvind Varsani, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, Hui Wang, Jianwei Wang, Xifeng Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Tàiyún Wèi, Heather Wells, Anna E Whitfield, John V Williams, Yuri I Wolf, Zhìqiáng Wú, Xin Yang, Xīnglóu Yáng, Xuejie Yu, Natalya Yutin, F Murilo Zerbini, Tong Zhang, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Guohui Zhou, Xueping Zhou

Archives of virology 165 ( 12 ) 3023 - 3072 2020年12月

記述言語：英語

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-020-04731-2

Establishment of Neurospora crassa as a model organism for fungal virology. 国際誌

Shinji Honda, Ana Eusebio-Cope, Shuhei Miyashita, Ayumi Yokoyama, Annisa Aulia, Sabitree Shahi, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Nature communications 11 ( 1 ) 5627 - 5627 2020年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is used as a model organism for genetics, developmental biology and molecular biology. Remarkably, it is not known to host or to be susceptible to infection with any viruses. Here, we identify diverse RNA viruses in N. crassa and other Neurospora species, and show that N. crassa supports the replication of these viruses as well as some viruses from other fungi. Several encapsidated double-stranded RNA viruses and capsid-less positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses can be experimentally introduced into N. crassa protoplasts or spheroplasts. This allowed us to examine viral replication and RNAi-mediated antiviral responses in this organism. We show that viral infection upregulates the transcription of RNAi components, and that Dicer proteins (DCL-1, DCL-2) and an Argonaute (QDE-2) participate in suppression of viral replication. Our study thus establishes N. crassa as a model system for the study of host-virus interactions.

DOI： 10.1038/s41467-020-19355-y

Pathogenetic roles of beet necrotic yellow vein virus RNA5 in the exacerbation of symptoms and yield reduction, development of scab-like symptoms, andRz1-resistance breaking in sugar beet

Tetsuo Tamada, Hirokatsu Uchino, Toshimi Kusume, Minako Iketani-Saito, Sotaro Chiba, Ida Bagus Andika, Hideki Kondo

PLANT PATHOLOGY 70 ( 1 ) 219 - 232 2020年9月

担当区分：最終著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：WILEY

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) generally has a four-segmented positive-sense RNA genome (RNAs 1-4), but some European and most Asian strains have an additional segment, RNA5. This study examined the effect of RNA5 and RNA3 on different sugar beet cultivars using aPolymyxa-mediated inoculation system under field and laboratory conditions. In field tests, the degree of sugar yield served as an index for assessing the virulence of BNYVV strains. Japanese A-II type isolates without RNA5 caused mostly 15%-90% sugar yield reductions, depending on the susceptibility of sugar beet cultivars, whereas the isolates with RNA5 induced more than 90% yield losses in the seven susceptible cultivars, but small yield losses in oneRz1-resistant and Rizor cultivars. However, a laboratory-produced isolate containing RNA5 but lacking RNA3 caused higher yield losses in Rizor than in susceptible plants, and induced scab-like symptoms on the root surface of both susceptible and resistant plants. In laboratory tests, A-II type isolates without RNA5 had low viral RNA accumulation levels in roots of Rizor andRz1-resistant plants at early stages of infection, but in the presence of RNA5, viral RNA3 accumulation levels increased remarkably. This increased RNA3 accumulation was not observed in roots of the WB42 accession with theRz2gene. In contrast, the presence of RNA3 did not affect RNA5 accumulation levels. Collectively, this study demonstrated that RNA5 is involved in the development of scab-like symptoms and the enhancement of RNA3 accumulation, and suggests these characteristics of RNA5 are associated withRz1-resistance breaking.

DOI： 10.1111/ppa.13266

Hadaka Virus 1: a Capsidless Eleven-Segmented Positive-Sense Single-Stranded RNA Virus from a Phytopathogenic Fungus, Fusarium oxysporum. 査読国際誌

Yukiyo Sato, Wajeeha Shamsi, Atif Jamal, Muhammad Faraz Bhatti, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

mBio 11 ( 3 ) 2020年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The search for viruses infecting fungi, or mycoviruses, has extended our knowledge about the diversity of RNA viruses, as exemplified by the discovery of polymycoviruses, a phylogenetic group of multisegmented RNA viruses with unusual forms. The genomic RNAs of known polymycoviruses, which show a phylogenetic affinity for animal positive-sense single-stranded RNA [(+)RNA] viruses such as caliciviruses, are comprised of four conserved segments with an additional zero to four segments. The double-stranded form of polymycovirus genomic RNA is assumed to be associated with a virally encoded protein (proline-alanine-serine-rich protein [PASrp]) in either of two manners: a capsidless colloidal form or a filamentous encapsidated form. Detailed molecular characterizations of polymycoviruses, however, have been conducted for only a few strains. Here, a novel polymyco-related virus named Hadaka virus 1 (HadV1), from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum, was characterized. The genomic RNA of HadV1 consisted of an 11-segmented positive-sense RNA with highly conserved terminal nucleotide sequences. HadV1 shared the three conserved segments with known polymycoviruses but lacked the PASrp-encoding segment. Unlike the known polymycoviruses and encapsidated viruses, HadV1 was not pelleted by conventional ultracentrifugation, possibly due to the lack of PASrp. This result implied that HadV1 exists only as a soluble form with naked RNA. Nevertheless, the 11 genomic segments of HadV1 have been stably maintained through host subculturing and conidiation. Taken together, the results of this study revealed a virus with a potential novel virus lifestyle, carrying many genomic segments without typical capsids or PASrp-associated forms.IMPORTANCE Fungi collectively host various RNA viruses. Examples include encapsidated double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses with diverse numbers of genomic segments (from 1 to 12) and capsidless viruses with nonsegmented (+)RNA genomes. Recently, viruses with unusual intermediate features of an infectious entity between encapsidated dsRNA viruses and capsidless (+)RNA viruses were found. They are called polymycoviruses, which typically have four to eight dsRNA genomic segments associated with one of the virus-encoded proteins and are phylogenetically distantly related to animal (+)RNA caliciviruses. Here, we identified a novel virus phylogenetically related to polymycoviruses, from the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum The virus, termed Hadaka virus 1 (HadV1), has 11 (+)RNA genomic segments, the largest number in known (+)RNA viruses. Nevertheless, HadV1 lacked a typical structural protein of polymycoviruses and was not pelleted by standard ultracentrifugation, implying an unusual capsidless nature of HadV1. This study reveals a potential novel lifestyle of multisegmented RNA viruses.

DOI： 10.1128/mBio.00450-20

Reply to Serra et al.: Nucleotide substitutions in plant viroid genomes that multiply in phytopathogenic fungi. 査読国際誌

Shuang Wei, Ruiling Bian, Ida Bagus Andika, Erbo Niu, Qian Liu, Hideki Kondo, Liu Yang, Hongsheng Zhou, Tianxing Pang, Ziqian Lian, Xili Liu, Yunfeng Wu, Liying Sun

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117 ( 19 ) 10129 - 10130 2020年5月

Diversity and epidemiology of plant rhabdoviruses. 国際誌

Ralf G Dietzgen, Nicolas E Bejerman, Michael M Goodin, Colleen M Higgins, Ordom B Huot, Hideki Kondo, Kathleen M Martin, Anna E Whitfield

Virus research 281 197942 - 197942 2020年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Plant rhabdoviruses are recognized by their large bacilliform particles and for being able to replicate in both their plant hosts and arthropod vectors. This review highlights selected, better studied examples of plant rhabdoviruses, their genetic diversity, epidemiology and interactions with plant hosts and arthropod vectors: Alfalfa dwarf virus is classified as a cytorhabdovirus, but its multifunctional phosphoprotein is localized to the plant cell nucleus. Lettuce necrotic yellows virus subtypes may differentially interact with their aphid vectors leading to changes in virus population diversity. Interactions of rhabdoviruses that infect rice, maize and other grains are tightly associated with their specific leafhopper and planthopper vectors. Future outbreaks of vector-borne nucleorhabdoviruses may be predicted based on a world distribution map of the insect vectors. The epidemiology of coffee ringspot virus and its Brevipalpus mite vector is illustrated highlighting the symptomatology and biology of a dichorhavirus and potential impacts of climate change on its epidemiology.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197942

Facilitative and synergistic interactions between fungal and plant viruses. 査読国際誌

Ruiling Bian, Ida Bagus Andika, Tianxing Pang, Ziqian Lian, Shuang Wei, Erbo Niu, Yunfeng Wu, Hideki Kondo, Xili Liu, Liying Sun

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 117 ( 7 ) 3779 - 3788 2020年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Plants and fungi are closely associated through parasitic or symbiotic relationships in which bidirectional exchanges of cellular contents occur. Recently, a plant virus was shown to be transmitted from a plant to a fungus, but it is unknown whether fungal viruses can also cross host barriers and spread to plants. In this study, we investigated the infectivity of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV1, family Hypoviridae), a capsidless, positive-sense (+), single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) fungal virus in a model plant, Nicotiana tabacum CHV1 replicated in mechanically inoculated leaves but did not spread systemically, but coinoculation with an unrelated plant (+)ssRNA virus, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV, family Virgaviridae), or other plant RNA viruses, enabled CHV1 to systemically infect the plant. Likewise, CHV1 systemically infected transgenic plants expressing the TMV movement protein, and coinfection with TMV further enhanced CHV1 accumulation in these plants. Conversely, CHV1 infection increased TMV accumulation when TMV was introduced into a plant pathogenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum In the in planta F. graminearum inoculation experiment, we demonstrated that TMV infection of either the plant or the fungus enabled the horizontal transfer of CHV1 from the fungus to the plant, whereas CHV1 infection enhanced fungal acquisition of TMV. Our results demonstrate two-way facilitative interactions between the plant and fungal viruses that promote cross-kingdom virus infections and suggest the presence of plant-fungal-mediated routes for dissemination of fungal and plant viruses in nature.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1915996117

Molecular Characterization of a Novel Polymycovirus From Penicillium janthinellum With a Focus on Its Genome-Associated PASrp. 国際誌

Yukiyo Sato, Atif Jamal, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Frontiers in microbiology 11 592789 - 592789 2020年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The genus Polymycovirus of the family Polymycoviridae accommodates fungal RNA viruses with different genomic segment numbers (four, five, or eight). It is suggested that four members form no true capsids and one forms filamentous virus particles enclosing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In both cases, viral dsRNA is associated with a viral protein termed "proline-alanine-serine-rich protein" (PASrp). These forms are assumed to be the infectious entity. However, the detailed molecular characteristics of PASrps remain unclear. Here, we identified a novel five-segmented polymycovirus, Penicillium janthinellum polymycovirus 1 (PjPmV1), and characterized its purified fraction form in detail. The PjPmV1 had five dsRNA segments associated with PASrp. Density gradient ultracentrifugation of the PASrp-associated PjPmV1 dsRNA revealed its uneven structure and a broad fractionation profile distinct from that of typical encapsidated viruses. Moreover, PjPmV1-PASrp interacted in vitro with various nucleic acids in a sequence-non-specific manner. These PjPmV1 features are discussed in view of the diversification of genomic segment numbers of the genus Polymycovirus.

DOI： 10.3389/fmicb.2020.592789

Diverse Partitiviruses From the Phytopathogenic Fungus, Rosellinia necatrix. 査読国際誌

Paul Telengech, Sakae Hisano, Cyrus Mugambi, Kiwamu Hyodo, Juan Manuel Arjona-López, Carlos José López-Herrera, Satoko Kanematsu, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Frontiers in microbiology 11 1064 - 1064 2020年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Partitiviruses (dsRNA viruses, family Partitiviridae) are ubiquitously detected in plants and fungi. Although previous surveys suggested their omnipresence in the white root rot fungus, Rosellinia necatrix, only a few of them have been molecularly and biologically characterized thus far. We report the characterization of a total of 20 partitiviruses from 16 R. necatrix strains belonging to 15 new species, for which "Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 11-Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 25" were proposed, and 5 previously reported species. The newly identified partitiviruses have been taxonomically placed in two genera, Alphapartitivirus, and Betapartitivirus. Some partitiviruses were transfected into reference strains of the natural host, R. necatrix, and an experimental host, Cryphonectria parasitica, using purified virions. A comparative analysis of resultant transfectants revealed interesting differences and similarities between the RNA accumulation and symptom induction patterns of R. necatrix and C. parasitica. Other interesting findings include the identification of a probable reassortment event and a quintuple partitivirus infection of a single fungal strain. These combined results provide a foundation for further studies aimed at elucidating mechanisms that underly the differences observed.

DOI： 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01064

A symptomless hypovirus, CHV4, facilitates stable infection of the chestnut blight fungus by a coinfecting reovirus likely through suppression of antiviral RNA silencing. 査読

Aulia A, Andika IB, Kondo H, Hillman BI, Suzuki N

Virology 533 99 - 107 2019年7月

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2019. 国際誌

Gaya K Amarasinghe, María A Ayllón, Yīmíng Bào, Christopher F Basler, Sina Bavari, Kim R Blasdell, Thomas Briese, Paul A Brown, Alexander Bukreyev, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Ursula J Buchholz, Camila Chabi-Jesus, Kartik Chandran, Chiara Chiapponi, Ian Crozier, Rik L de Swart, Ralf G Dietzgen, Olga Dolnik, Jan F Drexler, Ralf Dürrwald, William G Dundon, W Paul Duprex, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Ron A M Fouchier, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Anthony Griffiths, Roger Hewson, Masayuki Horie, Timothy H Hyndman, Dàohóng Jiāng, Elliott W Kitajima, Gary P Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Gael Kurath, Ivan V Kuzmin, Robert A Lamb, Antonio Lavazza, Benhur Lee, Davide Lelli, Eric M Leroy, Jiànróng Lǐ, Piet Maes, Shin-Yi L Marzano, Ana Moreno, Elke Mühlberger, Sergey V Netesov, Norbert Nowotny, Are Nylund, Arnfinn L Økland, Gustavo Palacios, Bernadett Pályi, Janusz T Pawęska, Susan L Payne, Alice Prosperi, Pedro Luis Ramos-González, Bertus K Rima, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Mǎng Shī, Peter Simmonds, Sophie J Smither, Enrica Sozzi, Kirsten Spann, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Ayato Takada, Robert B Tesh, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S Towner, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Nikos Vasilakis, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Anna E Whitfield, John V Williams, F Murilo Zerbini, Tāo Zhāng, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Jens H Kuhn

Archives of virology 164 ( 7 ) 1967 - 1980 2019年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

In February 2019, following the annual taxon ratification vote, the order Mononegavirales was amended by the addition of four new subfamilies and 12 new genera and the creation of 28 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-019-04247-4

Novel Victorivirus from a Pakistani Isolate of Alternaria alternata Lacking a Typical Translational Stop/Restart Sequence Signature. 査読国際誌

Jamal A, Sato Y, Shahi S, Shamsi W, Kondo H, Suzuki N

Viruses 11 ( 6 ) 2019年6月

Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi. 査読

Wei S, Bian R, Andika IB, Niu E, Liu Q, Kondo H, Yang L, Zhou H, Pang T, Lian Z, Liu X, Wu Y, Sun L

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116 ( 26 ) 13042 - 13050 2019年6月

Isolation and characterization of a novel mycovirus infecting an edible mushroom, Grifola frondosa. 査読

Akiko Komatsu, Hideki Kondo, Masayuki Sato, Atsushi Kurahashi, Kozo Nishibori, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Fumihiro Fujimori

Mycoscience 60 211 - 220 2019年5月

Molecular and biological characterization of a novel botybirnavirus identified from a Pakistani isolate of Alternaria alternata. 査読国際誌

Shamsi W, Sato Y, Jamal A, Shahi S, Kondo H, Suzuki N, Bhatti MF

Virus research 263 119 - 128 2019年4月

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: second update 2018. 国際誌

Piet Maes, Gaya K Amarasinghe, María A Ayllón, Christopher F Basler, Sina Bavari, Kim R Blasdell, Thomas Briese, Paul A Brown, Alexander Bukreyev, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Ursula J Buchholz, Kartik Chandran, Ian Crozier, Rik L de Swart, Ralf G Dietzgen, Olga Dolnik, Leslie L Domier, Jan F Drexler, Ralf Dürrwald, William G Dundon, W Paul Duprex, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Ron A M Fouchier, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Elodie Ghedin, Anthony Griffiths, Roger Hewson, Masayuki Horie, Julia L Hurwitz, Timothy H Hyndman, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gary P Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Gael Kurath, Ivan V Kuzmin, Robert A Lamb, Benhur Lee, Eric M Leroy, Jiànróng Lǐ, Shin-Yi L Marzano, Elke Mühlberger, Sergey V Netesov, Norbert Nowotny, Gustavo Palacios, Bernadett Pályi, Janusz T Pawęska, Susan L Payne, Bertus K Rima, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Peter Simmonds, Sophie J Smither, Qisheng Song, Timothy Song, Kirsten Spann, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Ayato Takada, Robert B Tesh, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S Towner, Bernadette van den Hoogen, Nikos Vasilakis, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, David Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Anna E Whitfield, John V Williams, Gōngyín Yè, F Murilo Zerbini, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Jens H Kuhn

Archives of virology 164 ( 4 ) 1233 - 1244 2019年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

In October 2018, the order Mononegavirales was amended by the establishment of three new families and three new genera, abolishment of two genera, and creation of 28 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-018-04126-4

Horizontal Transfer of a Retrotransposon from the Rice Planthopper to the Genome of an Insect DNA Virus. 査読

Yang Q, Zhang Y, Andika IB, Liao Z, Kondo H, Lu Y, Cheng Y, Li L, He Y, He Y, Qi Y, Sun Z, Wu Y, Yan F, Chen J, Li J

Journal of virology 93 ( 6 ) 2019年3月

Investigation of Host Range of and Host Defense against a Mitochondrially Replicating Mitovirus. 査読

Shahi S, Eusebio-Cope A, Kondo H, Hillman BI, Suzuki N

Journal of virology 93 ( 6 ) 2019年3月

Dicer functions transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally in a multilayer antiviral defense. 査読

Andika IB, Kondo H, Suzuki N

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116 ( 6 ) 2274 - 2281 2019年2月

Identification of a Novel Hypovirulence-Inducing Hypovirus From Alternaria alternata. 査読

Li H, Bian R, Liu Q, Yang L, Pang T, Salaipeth L, Andika IB, Kondo H, Sun L

Frontiers in microbiology 10 1076 2019年

Plant rhabdoviruses-their origins and vector interactions. 国際誌

Anna E Whitfield, Ordom Brian Huot, Kathleen M Martin, Hideki Kondo, Ralf G Dietzgen

Current opinion in virology 33 198 - 207 2018年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Classical plant rhabdoviruses infect monocot and dicot plants, have unsegmented negative-sense RNA genomes and have been taxonomically classified in the genera Cytorhabdovirus and Nucleorhabdovirus. These viruses replicate in their hemipteran vectors and are transmitted in a circulative-propagative mode and virus infection persists for the life of the insect. Based on the discovery of numerous novel rhabdoviruses in arthropods during metagenomic studies and extensive phylogenetic analyses of the family Rhabdoviridae, it is hypothesized that plant-infecting rhabdoviruses are derived from insect viruses. Analyses of viral gene function in plants and insects is beginning to reveal conserved and unique biology for these plant viruses in the two diverse hosts. New tools for insect molecular biology and infectious clones for plant rhabdoviruses are increasing our understanding of the lifestyles of these viruses.

DOI： 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.11.002

Novel Mitoviruses and a Unique Tymo-Like Virus in Hypovirulent and Virulent Strains of the Fusarium Head Blight Fungus, Fusarium boothii. 査読

Mizutani Y, Abraham A, Uesaka K, Kondo H, Suga H, Suzuki N, Chiba S

Viruses 10 ( 11 ) 2018年10月

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2018. 国際誌

Gaya K Amarasinghe, Nidia G Aréchiga Ceballos, Ashley C Banyard, Christopher F Basler, Sina Bavari, Andrew J Bennett, Kim R Blasdell, Thomas Briese, Alexander Bukreyev, Yíngyún Caì, Charles H Calisher, Cristine Campos Lawson, Kartik Chandran, Colin A Chapman, Charles Y Chiu, Kang-Seuk Choi, Peter L Collins, Ralf G Dietzgen, Valerian V Dolja, Olga Dolnik, Leslie L Domier, Ralf Dürrwald, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Juan E Echevarría, Anthony R Fooks, Pierre B H Formenty, Ron A M Fouchier, Conrad M Freuling, Elodie Ghedin, Tony L Goldberg, Roger Hewson, Masayuki Horie, Timothy H Hyndman, Dàohóng Jiāng, Robert Kityo, Gary P Kobinger, Hideki Kondō, Eugene V Koonin, Mart Krupovic, Gael Kurath, Robert A Lamb, Benhur Lee, Eric M Leroy, Piet Maes, Andrea Maisner, Denise A Marston, Sunil Kumar Mor, Thomas Müller, Elke Mühlberger, Víctor Manuel Neira Ramírez, Sergey V Netesov, Terry Fei Fan Ng, Norbert Nowotny, Gustavo Palacios, Jean L Patterson, Janusz T Pawęska, Susan L Payne, Karla Prieto, Bertus K Rima, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Martin Schwemmle, Stuart Siddell, Sophie J Smither, Qisheng Song, Timothy Song, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Ayato Takada, Robert B Tesh, Luciano Matsumiya Thomazelli, Keizō Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S Towner, Nikos Vasilakis, Sonia Vázquez-Morón, Claudio Verdugo, Viktor E Volchkov, Victoria Wahl, Peter J Walker, David Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, James F X Wellehan, Michael R Wiley, Anna E Whitfield, Yuri I Wolf, Gōngyín Yè, Yǒng-Zhèn Zhāng, Jens H Kuhn

Archives of virology 163 ( 8 ) 2283 - 2294 2018年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

In 2018, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by inclusion of 1 new genus and 12 novel species. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) and summarizes additional taxonomic proposals that may affect the order in the near future.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-018-3814-x

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Hypoviridae. 国際誌

Nobuhiro Suzuki, Said A Ghabrial, Kook-Hyung Kim, Michael Pearson, Shin-Yi L Marzano, Hajime Yaegashi, Jiatao Xie, Lihua Guo, Hideki Kondo, Igor Koloniuk, Bradley I Hillman, Ictv Report Consortium

The Journal of general virology 99 ( 5 ) 615 - 616 2018年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The Hypoviridae, comprising one genus, Hypovirus, is a family of capsidless viruses with positive-sense, ssRNA genomes of 9.1-12.7 kb that possess either a single large ORF or two ORFs. The ORFs appear to be translated from genomic RNA by non-canonical mechanisms, i.e. internal ribosome entry site-mediated and stop/restart translation. Hypoviruses have been detected in ascomycetous or basidiomycetous filamentous fungi, and are considered to be replicated in host Golgi-derived, lipid vesicles that contain their dsRNA as a replicative form. Some hypoviruses induce hypovirulence to host fungi, while others do not. This is a summary of the current ICTV report on the taxonomy of the Hypoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/hypoviridae.

DOI： 10.1099/jgv.0.001055

Novel, diverse RNA viruses from Mediterranean isolates of the phytopathogenic fungus, Rosellinia necatrix: insights into evolutionary biology of fungal viruses 査読

Juan Manuel Arjona-Lopez, Paul Telengech, Atif Jamal, Sakae Hisano, Hideki Kondo, Mery Dafny Yelin, Isabel Arjona-Girona, Satoko Kanematsu, Carlos José Lopez-Herrera, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Environmental Microbiology 20 ( 4 ) 1464 - 1483 2018年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：Blackwell Publishing Ltd

To reveal mycovirus diversity, we conducted a search of as-yet-unexplored Mediterranean isolates of the phytopathogenic ascomycete Rosellinia necatrix for virus infections. Of seventy-nine, eleven fungal isolates tested RNA virus-positive, with many showing coinfections, indicating a virus incidence of 14%, which is slightly lower than that (approximately 20%) previously reported for extensive surveys of over 1000 Japanese R. necatrix isolates. All viral sequences were fully or partially characterized by Sanger and next-generation sequencing. These sequences appear to represent isolates of various new species spanning at least 6 established or previously proposed families such as Partiti-, Hypo-, Megabirna-, Yado-kari-, Fusagra- and Fusarividae, as well as a newly proposed family, Megatotiviridae. This observation greatly expands the diversity of R. necatrix viruses, because no hypo-, fusagra- or megatotiviruses were previously reported from R. necatrix. The sequence analyses showed a rare horizontal gene transfer event of the 2A-like protease domain between a dsRNA (phlegivirus) and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus (hypovirus). Moreover, many of the newly detected viruses showed the closest relation to viruses reported from fungi other than R. necatrix, such as Fusarium spp., which are sympatric to R. necatrix. These combined results imply horizontal virus transfer between these soil-inhabitant fungi.

DOI： 10.1111/1462-2920.14065

ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Rhabdoviridae. 国際誌

Peter J Walker, Kim R Blasdell, Charles H Calisher, Ralf G Dietzgen, Hideki Kondo, Gael Kurath, Ben Longdon, David M Stone, Robert B Tesh, Noël Tordo, Nikos Vasilakis, Anna E Whitfield, Ictv Report Consortium

The Journal of general virology 99 ( 4 ) 447 - 448 2018年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The family Rhabdoviridae comprises viruses with negative-sense (-) single-stranded RNA genomes of 10.8-16.1 kb. Virions are typically enveloped with bullet-shaped or bacilliform morphology but can also be non-enveloped filaments. Rhabdoviruses infect plants and animals including mammals, birds, reptiles and fish, as well as arthropods which serve as single hosts or act as biological vectors for transmission to animals or plants. Rhabdoviruses include important pathogens of humans, livestock, fish and agricultural crops. This is a summary of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) Report on the taxonomy of Rhabdoviridae, which is available at www.ictv.global/report/rhabdoviridae.

DOI： 10.1099/jgv.0.001020

A neo-virus lifestyle exhibited by a (+)ssRNA virus hosted in an unrelated dsRNA virus: Taxonomic and evolutionary considerations.

Sakae Hisano, Rui Zhang, Md. Iqbal Faruk, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Virus research 2017年11月

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Recent studies illustrate that fungi as virus hosts provides a unique platform for hunting viruses and exploring virus/virus and virus/host interactions. Such studies have revealed a number of as-yet-unreported viruses and virus/virus interactions. Among them is a unique intimate relationship between a (+)ssRNA virus, yado-kari virus (YkV1) and an unrelated dsRNA virus, yado-nushi virus (YnV1). YkV1 dsRNA, a replicated form of YkV1, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, are trans-encapsidated by the capsid protein of YnV1. While YnV1 can complete its replication cycle, YkV1 relies on YnV1 for its viability. We previously proposed a model in which YkV1 diverts YnV1 capsids as the replication sites. YkV1 is neither satellite virus nor satellite RNA, because YkV1 appears to encode functional RdRp and enhances YnV1 accumulation. This represents a unique mutualistic virus/virus interplay and similar relations in other virus/host fungus systems are detectable. We propose to establish the family Yadokariviridae that accommodates YkV1 and recently discovered viruses phylogenetically related to YkV1. This article overviews what is known and unknown about the YkV1/YnV1 interactions. Also discussed are the YnV1 Phytoreo_S7 and YkV1 2A-like domains that may have been captured via horizontal transfer during the course of evolution and are conserved across extant diverse RNA viruses. Lastly, evolutionary scenarios are envisioned for YkV1 and YnV1.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.006

Phytopathogenic fungus hosts a plant virus: A naturally occurring cross-kingdom viral infection 査読

Ida Bagus Andika, Shuang Wei, Chunmei Cao, Lakha Salaipeth, Hideki Kondo, Liying Sun

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 114 ( 46 ) 12267 - 12272 2017年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：NATL ACAD SCIENCES

The transmission of viral infections between plant and fungal hosts has been suspected to occur, based on phylogenetic and other findings, but has not been directly observed in nature. Here, we report the discovery of a natural infection of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani by a plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). The CMV-infected R. solani strain was obtained from a potato plant growing in Inner Mongolia Province of China, and CMV infection was stable when this fungal strain was cultured in the laboratory. CMV was horizontally transmitted through hyphal anastomosis but not vertically through basidiospores. By inoculation via protoplast transfection with virions, a reference isolate of CMV replicated in R. solani and another phytopathogenic fungus, suggesting that some fungi can serve as alternative hosts to CMV. Importantly, in fungal inoculation experiments under laboratory conditions, R. solani could acquire CMV from an infected plant, as well as transmit the virus to an uninfected plant. This study presents evidence of the transfer of a virus between plant and fungus, and it further expands our understanding of plant-fungus interactions and the spread of plant viruses.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1714916114

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2017. 国際誌

Gaya K Amarasinghe, Yīmíng Bào, Christopher F Basler, Sina Bavari, Martin Beer, Nicolás Bejerman, Kim R Blasdell, Alisa Bochnowski, Thomas Briese, Alexander Bukreyev, Charles H Calisher, Kartik Chandran, Peter L Collins, Ralf G Dietzgen, Olga Dolnik, Ralf Dürrwald, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Qi Fang, Pierre Formenty, Ron A M Fouchier, Elodie Ghedin, Robert M Harding, Roger Hewson, Colleen M Higgins, Jian Hong, Masayuki Horie, Anthony P James, Dàohóng Jiāng, Gary P Kobinger, Hideki Kondo, Gael Kurath, Robert A Lamb, Benhur Lee, Eric M Leroy, Ming Li, Andrea Maisner, Elke Mühlberger, Sergey V Netesov, Norbert Nowotny, Jean L Patterson, Susan L Payne, Janusz T Paweska, Michael N Pearson, Rick E Randall, Peter A Revill, Bertus K Rima, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Martin Schwemmle, Sophie J Smither, Qisheng Song, David M Stone, Ayato Takada, Calogero Terregino, Robert B Tesh, Keizo Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S Towner, Nikos Vasilakis, Viktor E Volchkov, Victoria Wahl-Jensen, Peter J Walker, Beibei Wang, David Wang, Fei Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, John H Werren, Anna E Whitfield, Zhichao Yan, Gongyin Ye, Jens H Kuhn

Archives of virology 162 ( 8 ) 2493 - 2504 2017年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

In 2017, the order Mononegavirales was expanded by the inclusion of a total of 69 novel species. Five new rhabdovirus genera and one new nyamivirus genus were established to harbor 41 of these species, whereas the remaining new species were assigned to already established genera. Furthermore, non-Latinized binomial species names replaced all paramyxovirus and pneumovirus species names, thereby accomplishing application of binomial species names throughout the entire order. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-017-3311-7

Possibility and Challenges of Conversion of Current Virus Species Names to Linnaean Binomials. 国際誌

Thomas S Postler, Anna N Clawson, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Christopher F Basler, Sbina Bavari, Mária Benko, Kim R Blasdell, Thomas Briese, Michael J Buchmeier, Alexander Bukreyev, Charles H Calisher, Kartik Chandran, Rémi Charrel, Christopher S Clegg, Peter L Collins, De La Torre Juan Carlos, Joseph L Derisi, Ralf G Dietzgen, Olga Dolnik, Ralf Dürrwald, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Sébastian Emonet, Pierre Formenty, Ron A M Fouchier, Elodie Ghedin, Jean-Paul Gonzalez, Balázs Harrach, Roger Hewson, Masayuki Horie, Dàohóng Jiang, Gary Kobinger, Hideki Kondo, Andrew M Kropinski, Mart Krupovic, Gael Kurath, Robert A Lamb, Eric M Leroy, Igor S Lukashevich, Andrea Maisner, Arcady R Mushegian, Sergey V Netesov, Norbert Nowotny, Jean L Patterson, Susan L Payne, Janusz T PaWeska, Clarence J Peters, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Bertus K Rima, Victor Romanowski, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Sead Sabanadzovic, Hélène Sanfaçon, Maria S Salvato, Martin Schwemmle, Sophie J Smither, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Ayato Takada, Robert B Tesh, Keizo Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S Towner, Nikos Vasilakis, Viktor E Volchkov, Victoria Wahl-Jensen, Peter J Walker, Lin-Fa Wang, Arvind Varsani, Anna E Whitfield, F Murilo Zerbini, Jens H Kuhn

Systematic biology 66 ( 3 ) 463 - 473 2017年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Botanical, mycological, zoological, and prokaryotic species names follow the Linnaean format, consisting of an italicized Latinized binomen with a capitalized genus name and a lower case species epithet (e.g., Homo sapiens). Virus species names, however, do not follow a uniform format, and, even when binomial, are not Linnaean in style. In this thought exercise, we attempted to convert all currently official names of species included in the virus family Arenaviridae and the virus order Mononegavirales to Linnaean binomials, and to identify and address associated challenges and concerns. Surprisingly, this endeavor was not as complicated or time-consuming as even the authors of this article expected when conceiving the experiment. [Arenaviridae; binomials; ICTV; International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses; Mononegavirales; virus nomenclature; virus taxonomy.].

DOI： 10.1093/sysbio/syw096

SAGA complex mediates the transcriptional up-regulation of antiviral RNA silencing 査読

Ida Bagus Andika, Atif Jamal, Hideki Kondo, Nobuhiro Suzuki

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 114 ( 17 ) E3499 - E3506 2017年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：NATL ACAD SCIENCES

Pathogen recognition and transcriptional activation of defense-related genes are crucial steps in cellular defense responses. RNA silencing (RNAi) functions as an antiviral defense in eukaryotic organisms. Several RNAi-related genes are known to be transcriptionally up-regulated upon virus infection in some host organisms, but little is known about their induction mechanism. A phytopathogenic ascomycete, Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight fungus), provides a particularly advantageous system to study RNAi activation, because its infection by certain RNA viruses induces the transcription of dicer-like 2 (dcl2) and argonaute-like 2 (agl2), two major RNAi players. To identify cellular factors governing activation of antiviral RNAi in C. parasitica, we developed a screening protocol entailing multiple transformations of the fungus with cDNA of a hypovirus mutant lacking the RNAi suppressor (CHV1-Delta p69), a reporter construct with a GFP gene driven by the dcl2 promoter, and a random mutagenic construct. Screening for GFP-negative colonies allowed the identification of sgf73, a component of the SAGA (Spt-Ada-Gcn5 acetyltransferase) complex, a well-known transcriptional coactivator. Knockout of other SAGA components showed that the histone acetyltransferase module regulates transcriptional induction of dcl2 and agl2, whereas histone deubiquitinase mediates regulation of agl2 but not dcl2. Interestingly, full-scale induction of agl2 and dcl2 by CHV1 Delta p69 required both DCL2 and AGL2, whereas that by another RNA virus, mycoreovirus 1, required only DCL2, uncovering additional roles for DCL2 and AGL2 in viral recognition and/or RNAi activation. Overall, these results provide insight into the mechanism of RNAi activation.

DOI： 10.1073/pnas.1701196114

The family Rhabdoviridae: mono- and bipartite negative-sense RNA viruses with diverse genome organization and common evolutionary origins. 国際誌

Ralf G Dietzgen, Hideki Kondo, Michael M Goodin, Gael Kurath, Nikos Vasilakis

Virus research 227 158 - 170 2017年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The family Rhabdoviridae consists of mostly enveloped, bullet-shaped or bacilliform viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that infect vertebrates, invertebrates or plants. This ecological diversity is reflected by the diversity and complexity of their genomes. Five canonical structural protein genes are conserved in all rhabdoviruses, but may be overprinted, overlapped or interspersed with several novel and diverse accessory genes. This review gives an overview of the characteristics and diversity of rhabdoviruses, their taxonomic classification, replication mechanism, properties of classical rhabdoviruses such as rabies virus and rhabdoviruses with complex genomes, rhabdoviruses infecting aquatic species, and plant rhabdoviruses with both mono- and bipartite genomes.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.10.010

Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus VPg Is the Determinant Protein for Breaking eIF4E-Mediated Recessive Resistance in Barley Plants 査読

Huangai Li, Hideki Kondo, Thomas Kuehne, Yukio Shirako

FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 7 1449 2016年9月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：FRONTIERS MEDIA SA

In this study, we investigated the barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV, genus Bymovirus) factor(s) responsible for breaking eIF4E-mediated recessive resistance genes (rym4/5/6) in barley. Genome mapping analysis using chimeric infectious cDNA clones between rym5-breaking (JT10) and rym5-non-breaking (JK05) isolates indicated that genome-linked viral protein (VPg) is the determinant protein for breaking the rym5 resistance. Likewise, VPg is also responsible for overcoming the resistances of rym4 and rym6 alleles. Mutational analysis identified that amino acids Ser-118, Thr-120, and His-142 in JT10 VPg are the most critical residues for overcoming rym5 resistance in protoplasts. Moreover, the rym5-non-breaking JK05 could accumulate in the rym5 protoplasts when elF4E derived from a susceptible barley cultivar was expressed from the viral genome. Thus, the compatibility between VPg and host eIF4E determines the ability of BaYMV to infect barley plants.

DOI： 10.3389/fpls.2016.01449

Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2016. 国際誌

Claudio L Afonso, Gaya K Amarasinghe, Krisztián Bányai, Yīmíng Bào, Christopher F Basler, Sina Bavari, Nicolás Bejerman, Kim R Blasdell, François-Xavier Briand, Thomas Briese, Alexander Bukreyev, Charles H Calisher, Kartik Chandran, Jiāsēn Chéng, Anna N Clawson, Peter L Collins, Ralf G Dietzgen, Olga Dolnik, Leslie L Domier, Ralf Dürrwald, John M Dye, Andrew J Easton, Hideki Ebihara, Szilvia L Farkas, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Pierre Formenty, Ron A M Fouchier, Yànpíng Fù, Elodie Ghedin, Michael M Goodin, Roger Hewson, Masayuki Horie, Timothy H Hyndman, Dàohóng Jiāng, Elliot W Kitajima, Gary P Kobinger, Hideki Kondo, Gael Kurath, Robert A Lamb, Sergio Lenardon, Eric M Leroy, Ci-Xiu Li, Xian-Dan Lin, Lìjiāng Liú, Ben Longdon, Szilvia Marton, Andrea Maisner, Elke Mühlberger, Sergey V Netesov, Norbert Nowotny, Jean L Patterson, Susan L Payne, Janusz T Paweska, Rick E Randall, Bertus K Rima, Paul Rota, Dennis Rubbenstroth, Martin Schwemmle, Mang Shi, Sophie J Smither, Mark D Stenglein, David M Stone, Ayato Takada, Calogero Terregino, Robert B Tesh, Jun-Hua Tian, Keizo Tomonaga, Noël Tordo, Jonathan S Towner, Nikos Vasilakis, Martin Verbeek, Viktor E Volchkov, Victoria Wahl-Jensen, John A Walsh, Peter J Walker, David Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Thierry Wetzel, Anna E Whitfield, Ji Tāo Xiè, Kwok-Yung Yuen, Yong-Zhen Zhang, Jens H Kuhn

Archives of virology 161 ( 8 ) 2351 - 60 2016年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

In 2016, the order Mononegavirales was emended through the addition of two new families (Mymonaviridae and Sunviridae), the elevation of the paramyxoviral subfamily Pneumovirinae to family status (Pneumoviridae), the addition of five free-floating genera (Anphevirus, Arlivirus, Chengtivirus, Crustavirus, and Wastrivirus), and several other changes at the genus and species levels. This article presents the updated taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales as now accepted by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-016-2880-1

A novel betapartitivirus RnPV6 from Rosellinia necatrix tolerates host RNA silencing but is interfered by its defective RNAs 査読

Sotaro Chiba, Yu-Hsin Lin, Hideki Kondo, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

VIRUS RESEARCH 219 62 - 72 2016年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

The family Partitiviridae comprises of five genera with bi-segmented dsRNA genomes that accommodate members infecting plants, fungi or protists. All partitiviruses with only a few exceptions cause asymptomatic infections. We report the characterization of a novel betapartitivirus termed Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 6 (RnPV6) from a field isolate of a plant pathogenic fungus, white root rot fungus. RnPV6 has typical partitivirus features: dsRNA1 and dsRNA2 are 2462 and 2499 bps in length encoding RNA dependent RNA polymerase and capsid protein. Purified particles are spherical with a diameter of 30 nm. Taking advantage of infectivity as virions, RnPV6 was introduced into a model filamentous fungal host, chestnut blight fungus to investigate virus/host interactions. Unlike other partitiviruses tested previously, RnPV6 induced profound phenotypic alterations with symptoms characterized by a reduced growth rate and enhanced pigmentation and was tolerant to host RNA silencing. In addition, a variety of defective RNAs derived from dsRNA1 appear after virion transfection. These sub-viral RNAs were shown to interfere with RnPV6 replication, at least for that of cognate segment dsRNA1. Presence of these sub-viral elements resulted in reduced symptom expression by RnPV6, suggesting their nature as defective-interfering RNAs. The features of RnPV6 are similar to but distinct from those of a previously reported alphapartitivirus, Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 2 that is susceptible to RNA silencing. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.10.017

VIPP1 Has a Disordered C-Terminal Tail Necessary for Protecting Photosynthetic Membranes against Stress 査読

Lingang Zhang, Hideki Kondo, Hironari Kamikubo, Mikio Kataoka, Wataru Sakamoto

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 171 ( 3 ) 1983 - 1995 2016年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS

Integrity of biomembranes is vital to living organisms. In bacteria, PspA is considered to act as repairing damaged membrane by forming large supercomplexes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Vulnerable to oxidative stress, photosynthetic organisms also contain a PspA ortholog called VIPP1, which has an additional C-terminal tail (Vc). In this study, Vc was shown to coincide with an intrinsically disordered region, and the role of VIPP1 in membrane protection against stress was investigated. We visualized VIPP1 by fusing it to GFP (VIPP1-GFP that fully complemented lethal vipp1 mutations), and investigated its behavior in vivo with live imaging. The intrinsically disordered nature of Vc enabled VIPP1 to form what appeared to be functional particles along envelopes, whereas the deletion of Vc caused excessive association of the VIPP1 particles, preventing their active movement for membrane protection. Expression of VIPP1 lacking Vc complemented vipp1 mutation, but exhibited sensitivity to heat shock stress. Conversely, transgenic plants over-expressing VIPP1 showed enhanced tolerance against heat shock, suggesting that Vc negatively regulates VIPP1 particle association and acts in maintaining membrane integrity. Our data thus indicate that VIPP1 is involved in the maintenance of photosynthetic membranes. During evolution, chloroplasts have acquired enhanced tolerance against membrane stress by incorporating a disordered C-terminal tail into VIPP1.

DOI： 10.1104/pp.16.00532

Amyloplast Membrane Protein SUBSTANDARD STARCH GRAIN6 Controls Starch Grain Size in Rice Endosperm 査読

Ryo Matsushima, Masahiko Maekawa, Miyako Kusano, Katsura Tomita, Hideki Kondo, Hideki Nishimura, Naoko Crofts, Naoko Fujita, Wataru Sakamoto

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 170 ( 3 ) 1445 - 1459 2016年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS

Starch is a biologically and commercially important polymer of glucose. Starch is organized into starch grains (SGs) inside amyloplasts. The SG size differs depending on the plant species and is one of the most important factors for industrial applications of starch. There is limited information on genetic factors regulating SG sizes. In this study, we report the rice (Oryza sativa) mutant substandard starch grain6 (ssg6), which develops enlarged SGs in endosperm. Enlarged SGs are observed starting at 3 d after flowering. During endosperm development, a number of smaller SGs appear and coexist with enlarged SGs in the same cells. The ssg6 mutation also affects SG morphologies in pollen. The SSG6 gene was identified by map-based cloning and microarray analysis. SSG6 encodes a protein homologous to aminotransferase. SSG6 differs from other rice homologs in that it has a transmembrane domain. SSG6-green fluorescent protein is localized in the amyloplast membrane surrounding SGs in rice endosperm, pollen, and pericarp. The results of this study suggest that SSG6 is a novel protein that controls SG size. SSG6 will be a useful molecular tool for future starch breeding and applications.

DOI： 10.1104/pp.15.01811

A capsidless ssRNA virus hosted by an unrelated dsRNA virus 査読

Rui Zhang, Sakae Hisano, Akio Tani, Hideki Kondo, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

NATURE MICROBIOLOGY 1 ( 1 ) 15001 2016年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP

Viruses typically encode the capsid that encases their genome, while satellite viruses do not encode a replicase and depend on a helper virus for their replication(1). Here, we report interplay between two RNA viruses, yado-nushi virus 1 (YnV1) and yado-kari virus 1 (YkV1), in a phytopathogenic fungus, Rosellinia necatrix(2). YkV1 has a close phylogenetic affinity to positive-sense, single-stranded (+)ssRNA viruses such as animal caliciviruses(3), while YnV1 has an undivided double-stranded (ds) RNA genome with a resemblance to fungal toti-viruses(4). Virion transfection and infectious full-length cDNA transformation has shown that YkV1 depends on YnV1 for viability, although it probably encodes functional RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Immunological and molecular analyses have revealed trans-encapsidation of not only YkV1 RNA but also RdRp by the capsid protein of the other virus (YnV1), and enhancement of YnV1 accumulation by YkV1. This study demonstrates interplay in which the capsidless (+) ssRNA virus (YkV1), hijacks the capsid protein of the dsRNA virus (YnV1), and replicates as if it were a dsRNA virus.

DOI： 10.1038/NMICROBIOL.2015.1

IDENTIFICATION OF GENOME RECOMBINATION AMONG APPLE STEM PITTING VIRUS ISOLATES 査読

Z. Li, H. Kondo, I. B. Andika, P. Liu, L. Sun, Y. Wu

JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY 98 ( 3 ) 595 - 601 2016年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：EDIZIONI ETS

We have determined the complete genome sequence of an apple stem pitting virus isolate (ASPV, genus Foveavirus) from China, providing a new genome sequence of an ASPV isolate from apple trees. Nucleotide identities and phylogenetic relationships among this and another eleven complete sequences of ASPV isolates largely differed according to the coding regions of the genome analysed, suggesting the possible occurrence of recombination. Using recombination-detection programs, multiple recombination events throughout the ASPV genome were predicted to occur among isolates, regardless of their host species. Our analyses suggest that pervasive genome recombination drives the evolution and genetic diversity of ASPV.

DOI： 10.4454/JPP.V98I3.028

Interplays between Soil-Borne Plant Viruses and RNA Silencing-Mediated Antiviral Defense in Roots. 国際誌

Ida Bagus Andika, Hideki Kondo, Liying Sun

Frontiers in microbiology 7 1458 - 1458 2016年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Although the majority of plant viruses are transmitted by arthropod vectors and invade the host plants through the aerial parts, there is a considerable number of plant viruses that infect roots via soil-inhabiting vectors such as plasmodiophorids, chytrids, and nematodes. These soil-borne viruses belong to diverse families, and many of them cause serious diseases in major crop plants. Thus, roots are important organs for the life cycle of many viruses. Compared to shoots, roots have a distinct metabolism and particular physiological characteristics due to the differences in development, cell composition, gene expression patterns, and surrounding environmental conditions. RNA silencing is an important innate defense mechanism to combat virus infection in plants, but the specific information on the activities and molecular mechanism of RNA silencing-mediated viral defense in root tissue is still limited. In this review, we summarize and discuss the current knowledge regarding RNA silencing aspects of the interactions between soil-borne viruses and host plants. Overall, research evidence suggests that soil-borne viruses have evolved to adapt to the distinct mechanism of antiviral RNA silencing in roots.

Different Dicer-like protein components required for intracellular and systemic antiviral silencing in Arabidopsis thaliana. 国際誌

Ida Bagus Andika, Kazuyuki Maruyama, Liying Sun, Hideki Kondo, Tetsuo Tamada, Nobuhiro Suzuki

Plant signaling & behavior 10 ( 8 ) e1039214 2015年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Eukaryotes employ RNA silencing as an innate defense system against invading viruses. Dicer proteins play the most crucial role in initiating this antiviral pathway as they recognize and process incoming viral nucleic acids into small interfering RNAs. Generally, 2 successive infection stages constitute viral infection in plants. First, the virus multiplies in initially infected cells or organs after viral transmission and then the virus subsequently spreads systemically through the vasculature to distal plant tissues or organs. Thus, antiviral silencing in plants must cope with both local and systemic invasion of viruses. In a recent study using 2 sets of different experiments, we clearly demonstrated the differential requirement for Dicer-like 4 (DCL4) and DCL2 proteins in the inhibition of intracellular and systemic infection by potato virus X in Arabidopsis thaliana. Taken together with the results of other studies, here we further discuss the functional specificity of DCL proteins in the antiviral silencing pathway.

DOI： 10.1080/15592324.2015.1039214

A novel single-stranded RNA virus isolated from a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus, Rosellinia necatrix, with similarity to hypo-like viruses 査読

Rui Zhang, Shengxue Liu, Sotaro Chiba, Hideki Kondo, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY 5 360 2014年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：FRONTIERS RESEARCH FOUNDATION

Here we report a biological and molecular characterization of a novel positive-sense RNA virus isolated from a field isolate (NW10) of a filamentous phytopathogenic fungus, the white root rot fungus that is designated as Rosellinia necatrix fusarivirus 1 (RnFV1). A recently developed technology using zinc ions allowed us to transfer RnFV1 to two mycelially incompatible Rosellinia necatrix strains. A biological comparison of the virus-free and -recipient isogenic fungal strains suggested that RnFV1 infects latently and thus has no potential as a virocontrol agent. The virus has an undivided positive-sense RNA genome of 6286 nucleotides excluding a poly (A) tail. The genome possesses two non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs): a large ORF1 that encodes polypeptides with RNA replication functions and a smaller ORF2 that encodes polypeptides of unknown function. A lack of coat protein genes was suggested by the failure of virus particles from infected mycelia. No evidence was obtained by Northern analysis or classical 5'-RACE for the presence of subgenomic RNA for the downstream ORE Sequence similarities were found in amino-acid sequence between RnFV1 putative proteins and counterparts of a previously reported mycovirus, Fusarium graminearum virus 1 (FgV1). Interestingly, several related sequences were detected by BLAST searches of independent transcriptome assembly databases one of which probably represents an entire virus genome. Phylogenetic analysis based on the conserved RNA-dependent RNA polymerase showed that RnFV1, FgV1, and these similar sequences are grouped in a cluster distinct from distantly related hypoviruses. It is proposed that a new taxonomic family termed Fusariviridae be created to include RnFV1 and FgV1.

DOI： 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00360

Dichorhavirus: a proposed new genus for Brevipalpus mite-transmitted, nuclear, bacilliform, bipartite, negative-strand RNA plant viruses. 国際誌

Ralf G Dietzgen, Jens H Kuhn, Anna N Clawson, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Michael M Goodin, Elliott W Kitajima, Hideki Kondo, Thierry Wetzel, Anna E Whitfield

Archives of virology 159 ( 3 ) 607 - 19 2014年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Orchid fleck virus (OFV) is an unassigned negative-sense, single-stranded (-)ssRNA plant virus that was previously suggested to be included in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Although OFV shares some biological characteristics, including nuclear cytopathological effects, gene order, and sequence similarities, with nucleorhabdoviruses, its taxonomic status is unclear because unlike all mononegaviruses, OFV has a segmented genome and its particles are not enveloped. This article analyses the available biological, physico-chemical, and nucleotide sequence evidence that seems to indicate that OFV and several other Brevipalpus mite-transmitted short bacilliform (-)ssRNA viruses are likely related and may be classified taxonomically in novel species in a new free-floating genus Dichorhavirus.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-013-1834-0

Amyloplast-Localized SUBSTANDARD STARCH GRAIN4 Protein Influences the Size of Starch Grains in Rice Endosperm 査読

Ryo Matsushima, Masahiko Maekawa, Miyako Kusano, Hideki Kondo, Naoko Fujita, Yasushi Kawagoe, Wataru Sakamoto

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 164 ( 2 ) 623 - 636 2014年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER SOC PLANT BIOLOGISTS

Starch is a biologically and commercially important polymer of glucose and is synthesized to form starch grains (SGs) inside amyloplasts. Cereal endosperm accumulates starch to levels that are more than 90% of the total weight, and most of the intracellular space is occupied by SGs. The size of SGs differs depending on the plant species and is one of the most important factors for industrial applications of starch. However, the molecular machinery that regulates the size of SGs is unknown. In this study, we report a novel rice (Oryza sativa) mutant called substandard starch grain4 (ssg4) that develops enlarged SGs in the endosperm. Enlargement of SGs in ssg4 was also observed in other starch-accumulating tissues such as pollen grains, root caps, and young pericarps. The SSG4 gene was identified by map-based cloning. SSG4 encodes a protein that contains 2,135 amino acid residues and an amino-terminal amyloplast-targeted sequence. SSG4 contains a domain of unknown function490 that is conserved from bacteria to higher plants. Domain of unknown function490-containing proteins with lengths greater than 2,000 amino acid residues are predominant in photosynthetic organisms such as cyanobacteria and higher plants but are minor in proteobacteria. The results of this study suggest that SSG4 is a novel protein that influences the size of SGs. SSG4 will be a useful molecular tool for future starch breeding and biotechnology.

DOI： 10.1104/pp.113.229591

Nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling of VPg encoded by Wheat yellow mosaic virus requires association with the coat protein 査読

Liying Sun, Bian Jing, Ida Bagus Andika, Yingchun Hu, Bingjian Sun, Rong Xiang, Hideki Kondo, Jianping Chen

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY 94 ( Pt 12 ) 2790 - 2802 2013年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

VPg (virus protein, genome-linked) is a multifunctional protein that plays important roles in viral multiplication in the cytoplasm. However, a number of VPgs encoded by plant viruses target the nucleus and this appears to be biologically significant. These VPgs may therefore be translocated between nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments during virus infection, but such nucleo-cytoplasmic transport has not been demonstrated. We report that VPg encoded by Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV, genus Bymovirus, family Potyviridae) accumulated in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected cells, but localized exclusively in the nucleus when expressed alone in plants. Computational analyses predicted the presence of a nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a nuclear export signal (NES) in WYMV VPg. Mutational analyses showed that both the N-terminal and the NLS domains of VPg contribute to the efficiency of nuclear targeting. In vitro and in planta assays indicated that VPg interacts with WYMV coat protein (CP) and proteinase 1 (P1) proteins. Observation of VPg fused to a fluorescent protein and subcellular fractionation experiments showed that VPg was translocated to the cytoplasm when co-expressed with CP, but not with P1. Mutations in the NES domain or treatment with leptomycin B prevented VPg translocation to the cytoplasm when co-expressed with CP. Our results suggest that association with CP facilitates the nuclear export of VPg during WYMV infection.

DOI： 10.1099/vir.0.055830-0

Nyamiviridae: proposal for a new family in the order Mononegavirales. 国際誌

Jens H Kuhn, Sadia Bekal, Yíngyún Caì, Anna N Clawson, Leslie L Domier, Marieke Herrel, Peter B Jahrling, Hideki Kondo, Kris N Lambert, Kathie A Mihindukulasuriya, Norbert Nowotny, Sheli R Radoshitzky, Urs Schneider, Peter Staeheli, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Robert B Tesh, David Wang, Lin-Fa Wang, Ralf G Dietzgen

Archives of virology 158 ( 10 ) 2209 - 26 2013年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Nyamanini virus (NYMV) and Midway virus (MIDWV) are unclassified tick-borne agents that infect land birds and seabirds, respectively. The recent molecular characterization of both viruses confirmed their already known close serological relationship and revealed them to be nonsegmented, single- and negative-stranded RNA viruses that are clearly related to, but quite distinct from, members of the order Mononegavirales (bornaviruses, filoviruses, paramyxoviruses, and rhabdoviruses). A third agent, soybean cyst nematode virus 1 (SbCNV-1, previously named soybean cyst nematode nyavirus), was recently found to be an additional member of this new virus group. Here, we review the current knowledge about all three viruses and propose classifying them as members of a new mononegaviral family, Nyamiviridae.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-013-1674-y

Biological and genetic diversity of plasmodiophorid-transmitted viruses and their vectors 査読

Tetsuo Tamada, Hideki Kondo

JOURNAL OF GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY 79 ( 5 ) 307 - 320 2013年9月

記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：SPRINGER JAPAN KK

About 20 species of viruses belonging to five genera, Benyvirus, Furovirus, Pecluvirus, Pomovirus and Bymovirus, are known to be transmitted by plasmodiophorids. These viruses have all positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomes that consist of two to five RNA components. Three species of plasmodiophorids are recognized as vectors: Polymyxa graminis, P. betae, and Spongospora subterranea. The viruses can survive in soil within the long-lived resting spores of the vector. There are biological and genetic variations in both virus and vector species. Many of the viruses are causal agents of important diseases in major crops such as rice, wheat, barley, rye, sugar beet, potato, and groundnut. Control is dependent on the development of resistant cultivars. During the last half century, several virus diseases have rapidly spread worldwide. For six major virus diseases, we address their geographical distribution, diversity, and genetic resistance.

DOI： 10.1007/s10327-013-0457-3

A novel virus in the family Hypoviridae from the plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium graminearum 査読

Shuangchao Wang, Hideki Kondo, Liang Liu, Lihua Guo, Dewen Qiu

VIRUS RESEARCH 174 ( 1-2 ) 69 - 77 2013年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

A double-stranded (ds) RNA element, sized at approximately 13 kb pairs, was purified from a field isolate, HN10, of Fusariumgraminearum.The coding strand of the dsRNA was 13,023 nucleotides (nt) long (excluding the 3' poly(A) tail) and was predicted to contain two discontiguous open reading frames (ORF A and ORF B). The 5' proximal ORF A of 531 nt encoded a protein of 176 amino acids (aa), and a BLAST search showed it to be similar to the putative papain-like protease domains encoded by Valsa ceratosperma hypovirus 1 (35% identity) and Cryphonectria hypovirus 4 (CHV4) (31% identity). The 3' proximal ORF B of 11,118 nt encoded a large polyprotein with three conserved domains, including papain-like protease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and RNA helicase domains. The polyprotein shared significant aa identities with CHV1 (32%) and CHV2 (32%). Both the genome organization and phylogenetic analysis suggested that the characterized RNA represented a novel hypovirus, designated "Fusarium graminearum hypovirus 1 (FgHV1)", which was closely related to CHV1 and CHV2 in the Hypoviridae family. Elimination of the virus resulted in no dramatic phenotypic alteration of the fungus. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.03.002

A Novel Victorivirus from a Phytopathogenic Fungus, Rosellinia necatrix, Is Infectious as Particles and Targeted by RNA Silencing 査読

Sotaro Chiba, Yu-Hsin Lin, Hideki Kondo, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 87 ( 12 ) 6727 - 6738 2013年6月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

A novel victorivirus, termed Rosellinia necatrix victorivirus 1 (RnVV1), was isolated from a plant pathogenic ascomycete, white root rot fungus Rosellinia necatrix, coinfected with a partitivirus. The virus was molecularly and biologically characterized using the natural and experimental hosts (chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica). RnVV1 was shown to have typical molecular victorivirus attributes, including a monopartite double-stranded RNA genome with two open reading frames (ORFs) encoding capsid protein (CP) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a UAAUG pentamer presumed to facilitate the coupled termination/reinitiation for translation of the two ORFs, a spherical particle structure similar to 40 nm in diameter, and moderate levels of CP and RdRp sequence identity (34 to 58%) to those of members of the genus Victorivirus within the family Totiviridae. A reproducible transfection system with purified RnVV1 virions was developed for the two distinct fungal hosts. Transfection assay with purified RnVV1 virions combined with virus elimination by hyphal tipping showed that the effects of RnVV1 on the phenotype of the natural host were negligible. Interestingly, comparison of the RNA silencing-competent (standard strain EP155) and -defective (Delta dcl-2) strains of C. parasitica infected with RnVV1 showed that RNA silencing acted against the virus to repress its replication, which was restored by coinfection with hypovirus or transgenic expression of an RNA silencing suppressor, hypovirus p29. Phenotypic changes were observed in the Delta dcl-2 strain but not in EP155. This is the first reported study on the host range expansion of a Totiviridae member that is targeted by RNA silencing.

DOI： 10.1128/JVI.00557-13

Identification of a movement protein of Mirafiori lettuce big-vein ophiovirus 査読

Akihiro Hiraguri, Shoko Ueki, Hideki Kondo, Koji Nomiyama, Takumi Shimizu, Tamaki Ichiki-Uehara, Toshihiro Omura, Nobumitsu Sasaki, Hiroshi Nyunoya, Takahide Sasaya

Journal of General Virology 94 ( 5 ) 1145 - 1150 2013年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Mirafiori lettuce big-vein virus (MiLBVV) is a member of the genus Ophiovirus, which is a segmented negative-stranded RNA virus. In microprojectile bombardment experiments to identify a movement protein (MP) gene of ophioviruses that can trans-complement intercellular movement of an MP-deficient heterologous virus, a plasmid containing an infectious clone of a tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) derivative expressing the GFP was co-bombarded with plasmids containing one of three genes from MiLBVV RNAs 1, 2 and 4 onto Nicotiana benthamiana. Intercellular movement of the movement-defective ToMV was restored by co-expression of the 55 kDa protein gene, but not with the two other genes. Transient expression in epidermal cells of N. benthamiana and onion showed that the 55 kDa protein with GFP was localized on the plasmodesmata. The 55 kDa protein encoded in the MiLBVV RNA2 can function as an MP of the virus. This report is the first to describe an ophiovirus MP. © 2013 SGM.

DOI： 10.1099/vir.0.050005-0

Identification of the amino acid residues and domains in the cysteine-rich protein of Chinese wheat mosaic virus that are important for RNA silencing suppression and subcellular localization 査読

Liying Sun, Ida Bagus Andika, Hideki Kondo, Jianping Chen

Molecular Plant Pathology 14 ( 3 ) 265 - 278 2013年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) encoded by some plant viruses in diverse genera function as RNA silencing suppressors. Within the N-terminal portion of CRPs encoded by furoviruses, there are six conserved cysteine residues and a Cys-Gly-X-X-His motif (Cys, cysteine
Gly, glycine
His, histidine
X, any amino acid residue) with unknown function. The central domains contain coiled-coil heptad amino acid repeats that usually mediate protein dimerization. Here, we present evidence that the conserved cysteine residues and Cys-Gly-X-X-His motif in the CRP of Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) are critical for protein stability and silencing suppression activity. Mutation of a leucine residue in the third coiled-coil heptad impaired CWMV CRP activity for suppression of local silencing, but not for the promotion of cell-to-cell movement of Potato virus X (PVX). Inplanta and invitro analysis of wild-type and mutant proteins indicated that the ability of the CRP to self-interact was correlated with its suppression activity. Deletion of up to 40 amino acids at the C-terminus did not abolish suppression activity, but disrupted the association of CRP with endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and reduced its activity in the enhancement of PVX symptom severity. Interestingly, a short region in the C-terminal domain, predicted to form an amphipathic α-helical structure, was responsible for the association of CWMV CRP with ER. Overall, our results demonstrate that the N-terminal and central regions are the functional domains for suppression activity, whereas the C-terminal region primarily functions to target CWMV CRP to the ER. © 2012 The Authors. Molecular Plant Pathology © 2012 Bspp and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

DOI： 10.1111/mpp.12002

Effects of Defective Interfering RNA on Symptom Induction by, and Replication of, a Novel Partitivirus from a Phytopathogenic Fungus, Rosellinia necatrix 査読

Sotaro Chiba, Yu-Hsin Lin, Hideki Kondo, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 87 ( 4 ) 2330 - 2341 2013年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

A novel mycovirus termed Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 2 (RnPV2), isolated from a phytopathogenic fungus, Rosellinina necatrix strain W57, was molecularly and biologically characterized in both natural and experimental host fungi. Three double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) segments, dsRNA1, dsRNA2, and defective interfering dsRNA1 (DI-dsRNA1), whose sizes were approximately 2.0, 1.8, and 1.7 kbp, respectively, were detected in W57. While the dsRNA2 sequence, encoding the coat protein, was reported previously, dsRNA1 and DI-dsRNA1 were shown to encode competent and defective (truncated) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, respectively. Artificial introduction of RnPV2 into an RNA silencing-defective, Dicer-like 2 knockout mutant (Delta dcl-2) of a nonnatural host, Cryphonectria parasitica (chestnut blight fungus), resulted in successful infection by the DI-dsRNA1-carrying and -free RnPV2. The DI-dsRNA1-free RnPV2 strain was characterized by a higher ratio of accumulation of the intact dsRNA1 to dsRNA2, enhanced replication and severer symptom expression, compared with the DI-carrying strain. These findings confirmed the nature of DI-dsRNA1 as a DI-RNA. Both viral strains replicated to higher levels in a Delta dcl-2 mutant than in a wild-type C. parasitica fungal strain (EP155) and induced severe symptoms in the Delta dcl-2 mutant but subtle symptoms in EP155, indicating that the host RNA silencing targets the partitivirus. No obvious phenotypic effects of infection by either virus strain were detected in the natural host fungus. These combined results represent the first example of a partitivirus with DI-RNA that alters viral symptom induction in a host-dependent manner.

DOI： 10.1128/JVI.02835-12

Endoplasmic reticulum export and vesicle formation of the movement protein of Chinese wheat mosaic virus are regulated by two transmembrane domains and depend on the secretory pathway 査読

Ida Bagus Andika, Shiling Zheng, Zilong Tan, Liying Sun, Hideki Kondo, Xueping Zhou, Jianping Chen

VIROLOGY 435 ( 2 ) 493 - 503 2013年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

The 37K protein of Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) belongs to the 30K superfamily of plant virus movement proteins. CWMV 37K trans-complemented the cell-to-cell spread of a movement-defective Potato virus X. CWMV 37K fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein localized to plasmodesmata and formed endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-derived vesicular and large aggregate structures. CWMV 37K has two putative N-terminal transmembrane domains (TMDs). Mutations disrupting TMD1 or TMD2 impaired 37K movement function; those mutants were unable to form ER-derived structures but instead accumulated in the ER. Treatment with Brefeldin A or overexpression of the dominant negative mutant of Sari retained 37K in the ER, indicating that ER export of 37K is dependent on the secretory pathway. Moreover, CWMV 37K interacted with pectin methylesterases and mutations in TMD1 or TMD2 impaired this interaction in planta. The results suggest that the two TMDs regulate the movement function and intracellular transport of 37K. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.viro1.2012.10.024

[Plant rhabdoviruses with bipartite genomes].

Hideki Kondo

Uirusu 63 ( 2 ) 143 - 54 2013年

記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Members of the family Rhabdoviridae (order Mononegavirales) have a broad range of hosts, including humans, livestock, fish, plants, and invertebrates. They have a nonsegmented negative-sense RNA as the genome. Orchid fleck virus (OFV) is distributed world-wide on several orchid plants and transmitted by the false spider mite, Brevipalpus californicus. Based on its virions morphology and cytopathic effects in the infected cells, OFV was tentatively placed as unassigned plant rhabdoviruses in the sixth ICTV Report. However, the molecular studies reveled that OFV has a unique two-segmented negative-sense RNA genome that resembles monopartite genomes of plant nucleorhabdoviruses. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on the genome structure and gene expression strategy of OFV, the possible mechanism of nuclear viroplasm formation, and the taxonomical consideration of the virus as well.

Viruses of the white root rot fungus, Rosellinia necatrix. 査読

Kondo H, Kanematsu S, Suzuki N

Advances in virus research 86 177 - 214 2013年

The cysteine-rich proteins of beet necrotic yellow vein virus and tobacco rattle virus contribute to efficient suppression of silencing in roots 査読

Ida Bagus Andika, Hideki Kondo, Masamichi Nishiguchi, Tetsuo Tamada

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY 93 ( Pt 8 ) 1841 - 1850 2012年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Many plant viruses encode proteins that suppress RNA silencing, but little is known about the activity of silencing suppressors in roots. This study examined differences in the silencing suppression activity of different viruses in leaves and roots of Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Infection by tobacco mosaic virus, potato virus Y and cucumber mosaic virus but not potato virus X (PVX) resulted in strong silencing suppression activity of a transgene in both leaves and roots, whereas infection by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) showed transgene silencing suppression in roots but not in leaves. For most viruses tested, viral negative-strand RNA accumulated at a very low level in roots, compared with considerable levels of positive-strand genomic RNA. Co-inoculation of leaves with PVX and either BNYVV or TRV produced an increase in PVX negative-strand RNA and subgenomic RNA (sgRNA) accumulation in roots. The cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) BNYVV p14 and TRV 16K showed weak silencing suppression activity in leaves. However, when either of these CRPs was expressed from a PVX vector, there was an enhancement of PVX negative-strand RNA and sgRNA accumulation in roots compared with PVX alone. Such enhancement of PVX sgRNAs was also observed by expression of CRPs of other viruses and the well-known suppressors HC-Pro and p19 but not of the potato mop-top virus p8 CRP. These results indicate that BNYVV- and TRV-encoded CRPs suppress RNA silencing more efficiently in roots than in leaves.

DOI： 10.1099/vir.0.043513-0

A novel quadripartite dsRNA virus isolated from a phytopathogenic filamentous fungus, Rosellinia necatrix 査読

Yu-Hsin Lin, Sotaro Chiba, Akio Tani, Hideki Kondo, Atsuko Sasaki, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

VIROLOGY 426 ( 1 ) 42 - 50 2012年4月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE

Here we report the biological and molecular attributes of a novel dsRNA virus isolated from Rosellinia necatrix, a filamentous phytopathogenic fungus. The virus, termed Rosellinia necatrix quadrivirus 1 (RnQV1), forms rigid spherical particles approximately 45 nm in diameter in infected mycelia. The particles contain 4 dsRNA segments, dsRNA1 to dsRNA4, with a size range of 4.9 to 3.7 kbp, each possessing a single large ORF. A comparison of the virus-infected and -cured isogenic fungal strains suggested that RnQV1 infection has no appreciable phenotypic effects. Phylogenetic analysis using the dsRNA3-encoded RdRp sequence revealed that RnQV1 is more distantly related to quadripartite chrysoviruses than to monopartite totiviruses, and is placed in a distinct group from other mycoviruses. No significant sequence similarities were evident between known proteins and RnQV1 structural proteins shown to be encoded by dsRNA2 or dsRNA4. These suggest that RnQV1 is a novel latent virus, belonging to a new family. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.virol.2012.01.013

The enigmatic genome of Chara australis virus 査読

Adrian J. Gibbs, Marjo Torronen, Anne M. Mackenzie, Jeffery T. Wood, John S. Armstrong, Hideki Kondo, Tetsuo Tamada, Paul L. Keese

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY 92 ( Pt 11 ) 2679 - 2690 2011年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Most of the genomic sequence of Chara australis virus (CAV), previously called Chara corallina virus, has been determined. It is a ssRNA molecule of 9065 nt with at least four ORFs. At its 5' end is an ORF encoding a protein of 227 kDa, distantly homologous to the multifunctional replicases of benyviruses and rubiviruses. Next is an ORF encoding a protein of 44 kDa, homologous to the helicases of pestiviruses. The third ORF encodes an unmatched protein of 38 kDa that is probably a movement protein. The fourth and 3'-terminal ORF encodes a protein of 17.7 kDa homologous to the coat proteins of tobamoviruses. The short methyltransferase region of the CAV replicase matches only the C-terminal motif of benyvirus methyltransferases. This and other clues indicate that approximately 11 % and 2 % of the 5' and 3' termini of the complete CAV genome, respectively, are missing from the sequence. The aligned amino acid sequences of the CAV proteins and their nearest homologues contain many gaps but relationships inferred from them were little affected by removal of these gaps. Sequence comparisons show that three of the CAV genes may have diverged from the most closely related genes of other viruses 250-450 million years ago, and the sister relationship between the genes of CAV and those of benyviruses and tobamoviruses, mirroring the ancient sister relationship between charophytes (i.e. the algal host of CAV) and embryophytes (i.e. the plant hosts of tobamoviruses and benyviruses), is congruent with this possibility.

DOI： 10.1099/vir.0.033852-0

Widespread Endogenization of Genome Sequences of Non-Retroviral RNA Viruses into Plant Genomes 査読

Sotaro Chiba, Hideki Kondo, Akio Tani, Daisuke Saisho, Wataru Sakamoto, Satoko Kanematsu, Nobuhiro Suzuki

PLOS PATHOGENS 7 ( 7 ) 2011年7月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE

Non-retroviral RNA virus sequences (NRVSs) have been found in the chromosomes of vertebrates and fungi, but not plants. Here we report similarly endogenized NRVSs derived from plus-, negative-, and double-stranded RNA viruses in plant chromosomes. These sequences were found by searching public genomic sequence databases, and, importantly, most NRVSs were subsequently detected by direct molecular analyses of plant DNAs. The most widespread NRVSs were related to the coat protein (CP) genes of the family Partitiviridae which have bisegmented dsRNA genomes, and included plant-and fungus-infecting members. The CP of a novel fungal virus (Rosellinia necatrix partitivirus 2, RnPV2) had the greatest sequence similarity to Arabidopsis thaliana ILR2, which is thought to regulate the activities of the phytohormone auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Furthermore, partitivirus CP-like sequences much more closely related to plant partitiviruses than to RnPV2 were identified in a wide range of plant species. In addition, the nucleocapsid protein genes of cytorhabdoviruses and varicosaviruses were found in species of over 9 plant families, including Brassicaceae and Solanaceae. A replicase-like sequence of a betaflexivirus was identified in the cucumber genome. The pattern of occurrence of NRVSs and the phylogenetic analyses of NRVSs and related viruses indicate that multiple independent integrations into many plant lineages may have occurred. For example, one of the NRVSs was retained in Ar. thaliana but not in Ar. lyrata or other related Camelina species, whereas another NRVS displayed the reverse pattern. Our study has shown that single-and double-stranded RNA viral sequences are widespread in plant genomes, and shows the potential of genome integrated NRVSs to contribute to resolve unclear phylogenetic relationships of plant species.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002146

The Evolutionary History of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus Deduced from Genetic Variation, Geographical Origin and Spread, and the Breaking of Host Resistance 査読

Soutaro Chiba, Hideki Kondo, Masaki Miyanishi, Ida Bagus Andika, Chenggui Han, Tetsuo Tamada

MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS 24 ( 2 ) 207 - 218 2011年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is an economically important pathogen of sugar beet and has been found worldwide, probably as the result of recent worldwide spread. The BNYVV genome consists of four or five RNA components. Here, we report analysis of sequence variation in the RNA3-p25, RNA4-p31, RNA2-CP, and RNA5-p26 genes of 73 worldwide isolates. The RNA3-p25 gene encodes virulence and avirulence factors. These four sets of gene sequences each fell into two to four groups, of which the three groups of p25 formed eight subgroups with different geographical distributions. Each of these subgroup isolates (strains) could have arisen from four original BNYVV population and their mixed infections. The genetic diversity for BNYVV was relatively small. Selection pressure varied greatly depending on the BNYVV gene and geographical location. Isolates of the Italy strain, in which p25 was subject to the strongest positive selection, were able to overcome the Rz1-host resistance gene to differing degrees, whereas other geographically limited strains could not. Resistance-breaking variants were generated by p25 amino acid changes at positions 67 and 68. Our studies suggest that BNYVV originally evolved in East Asia and has recently become a pathogen of cultivated sugar beet followed by the emergence of new resistance-breaking variants.

DOI： 10.1094/MPMI-10-10-0241

Identification and characterization of structural proteins of orchid fleck virus 査読

Hideki Kondo, Takanori Maeda, Tetsuo Tamada

ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY 154 ( 1 ) 37 - 45 2009年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER WIEN

Orchid fleck virus (OFV) has a bipartite negative-sense RNA genome with sequence similarities to plant rhabdoviruses. The non-enveloped bullet-shaped particles of OFV are similar to those of the internal ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-M protein structure of rhabdoviruses, but they are about half the size of typical plant rhabdoviruses. Purified preparations contained intact bullet-shaped and filamentous particles. The filamentous particles showed a tightly coiled coil structure or a coiled structure with a helical twist, which resembles the RNP complex of rhabdoviruses. OFV bullet-shaped particles were structurally stable in solutions containing 2% Triton X-100 and 0.8 M NaCl. Western blot analyses revealed that the bullet-shaped particles contained N, P and M proteins, while filamentous particles contained mainly N and P proteins. In addition, a small amount of the L protein was detected in both types of particles. Thus, the structural proteins of OFV have properties similar to those of rhabdoviruses, except that the particles are non-enveloped and are relatively resistant to detergent-treatment under high-salt conditions.

DOI： 10.1007/s00705-008-0268-6

Role of N-terminal His-rich domain of Oscillatoria brevis Bxa1 in both Ag(I)/Cu(I) and Cd(II)/Zn(II) tolerance. 査読

Nakakihara E, Kondo H, Nakashima S, Ezaki B

The open microbiology journal 3 15 - 22 2009年

The crucial role of mitochondrial regulation in adaptive aluminium resistance in Rhodotorula glutinis 査読

Akio Tani, Chiemi Inoue, Yoko Tanaka, Yoko Yamamoto, Hideki Kondo, Syuntaro Hiradate, Kazuhide Kimbara, Fusako Kawai

MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 154 ( Pt 11 ) 3437 - 3446 2008年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Rhodotorula glutinis IFO1125 was found to acquire increased aluminium (Al) resistance from 50 mu M to more than 5 mM by repetitive culturing with stepwise increases in Al concentration at pH 4.0. To investigate the mechanism underlying this novel phenomenon, wild-type and Al- resistant cells were compared. Neither cell type accumulated the free form of Al (Al3+) added to the medium. Transmission electron microscopic analyses revealed a greater number of mitochondria in resistant cells. The formation of small mitochondria with simplified cristae structures was observed in the wild-type strain grown in the presence of Al and in resistant cells grown in the absence of Al. Addition of Al to cells resulted in high mitochondrial membrane potential and concomitant generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure to Al also resulted in elevated levels of oxidized proteins and oxidized lipids. Addition of the antioxidants a-tocopherol and ascorbic acid alleviated the Al toxicity, suggesting that ROS generation is the main cause of Al toxicity. Differential display analysis indicated upregulation of mitochondrial genes in the resistant cells. Resistant cells were found to have 2.5- to 3-fold more mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) than the wild-type strain. Analysis of tricarboxylic acid cycle and respiratory-chain enzyme activities in wild-type and resistant cells revealed significantly reduced cytochrome c oxidase activity and resultant high ROS production in the latter cells. Taken together, these data suggest that the adaptive increased resistance to Al stress in resistant cells resulted from an increased number of mitochondria and increased mtDNA content, as a compensatory response to reduced respiratory activity caused by a deficiency in complex IV function.

DOI： 10.1099/mic.0.2007/016048-0

Mitochondrial alterations related to programmed cell death in tobacco cells under aluminium stress 査読

Sanjib Kumar Panda, Yoko Yamamoto, Hideki Kondo, Hideaki Matsumoto

COMPTES RENDUS BIOLOGIES 331 ( 8 ) 597 - 610 2008年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER

The present investigation was undertaken to verify whether mitochondria play a significant role in aluminium(Al) toxicity, using the mitochondria isolated from tobacco cells (Nicotiana tabacum, non-chlorophyllic cell line SL) under Al stress. An inhibition of respiration was observed in terms of state-III, state-IV, succinate-dependent, alternative oxidase (AOX)-pathway capacity and cytochrome (CYT)-pathway capacity, respectively, in the mitochondria isolated from tobacco cells subjected to Al stress for 18 h. In accordance with the respiratory inhibition, the mitochondrial ATP content showed a significant decrease under Al treatment. An enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under state-III respiration was observed in the mitochondria isolated from Al-treated cells, which would create an oxidative stress situation. The opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) was seen more extensively in mitochondria isolated from Al-treated cells than in those isolated from control cells. This was Ca2+ dependent and well modulated by dithioerythritol (DTE) and Pi, but insensitive to cyclosporine A (CsA). The collapse of inner mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta Psi(m)) was also observed with a release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. A great decrease in the ATP content was also seen under Al stress. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of Al-treated cells also corroborated our biochemical data with distortion in membrane architecture in mitochondria. TUNEL-positive nuclei in Al-treated cells strongly indicated the occurrence of nuclear fragmentation. From the above study, it was concluded that Al toxicity affects severely the mitochondrial respiratory functions and alters the redox status studied in vitro and also the internal structure, which seems to cause finally cell death in tobacco cells.

DOI： 10.1016/j.crvi.2008.04.008

Identification of amino acids of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein required for induction of the resistance response in leaves of Beta vulgaris plants 査読

Soutaro Chiba, Masaki Miyanishi, Ida Bagus Andika, Hideki Kondo, Tetsuo Tamada

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY 89 ( Pt 5 ) 1314 - 1323 2008年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：MICROBIOLOGY SOC

The RNA3-encoded p25 protein of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is responsible for the production of rhizomania symptoms of sugar beet roots (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris). Here, it was found that the presence of the p25 protein is also associated with the resistance response in rub-inoculated leaves of sugar beet and wild beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima) plants. The resistance phenotype displayed a range of symptoms from no visible lesions to necrotic or greyish lesions at the inoculation site, and only very low levels of virus and viral RNA accumulated. The susceptible phenotype showed large, bright yellow lesions and developed high levels of virus accumulation. In roots after Polymyxa betae vector inoculation, however, no drastic differences in virus and viral RNA accumulation levels were found between plants with susceptible and resistant phenotypes, except at an early stage of infection. There was a genotype-specific interaction between BNYVV strains and two selected wild beet lines (MR1 and MR2) and sugar beet cultivars. Sequence analysis of natural BNYVV isolates and site-directed mutagenesis of the p25 protein revealed that 3 aa residues at positions 68, 70 and 179 are important in determining the resistance phenotype, and that host-genotype specificity is controlled by single amino acid changes at position 68. The mechanism of the occurrence of resistance-breaking BNYVV strains is discussed.

DOI： 10.1099/vir.0.83624-0

RNA4-encoded p31 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus is involved in efficient vector transmission, symptom severity and silencing suppression in roots 査読

Muhammad Danial Rahim, Ida Bagus Andika, Chenggui Han, Hideki Kondo, Tetsuo Tamada

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY 88 ( Pt 5 ) 1611 - 1619 2007年5月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

RNA3 and RNA4 of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) are not essential for virus multiplication, but are associated with vector-mediated infection and disease development in sugar beet roots. Here, a unique role for RNA4 in virus transmission, virulence and RNA silencing suppression was demonstrated. Mutagenic analysis revealed that the RNA4-encoded p31 open reading frame (ORF) was involved in efficient vector transmission and slight enhancement of symptom expression in some Beta species. No effects of RNA4 on virus accumulation in infected tissue were observed. Furthermore, the p31 ORF was involved in the induction of severe symptoms by BNYVV in Nicotiana benthamiana plants without affecting viral RNA accumulation. In contrast, RNA3-encoded p25, previously identified as a major contributor to symptom induction in sugar beet, had no such effect on N. benthamiana. In two different silencing suppression assays, neither p31 nor p25 was able to suppress RNA silencing in leaves, but the presence of p31 enhanced a silencing suppressor activity in roots without alteration in viral RNA accumulation. Thus, BNYVV p31 plays a multifunctional role in efficient vector transmission, enhanced symptom expression and root-specific silencing suppression.

DOI： 10.1099/vir.0.82720-0

Orchid fleck virus is a rhabdovirus with an unusual bipartite genome 査読

Hideki Kondo, Takanori Maeda, Yukio Shirako, Tetsuo Tamada

JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY 87 ( Pt 8 ) 2413 - 2421 2006年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY

Orchid fleck virus (OFV) has an unusual bipartite negative-sense RNA genome with clear sequence similarities to those of nucleorhabdoviruses. The OFV genome consists of two single-stranded RNA molecules, RNA1 and RNA2 that are 6413 and 6001 nt long, respectively, with open reading frame (ORF) information in the complementary sense. RNA1 encodes 49 (ORF1), 26 (ORF2), 38 (ORF3), 20 (ORF4) and 61 kDa (ORF5) proteins, and RNA2 encodes a single protein of 212 kDa (ORF6). ORF1, ORF5 and ORF6 proteins had significant similarities (21-38 % identity) to the nucleocapsid protein (N), glycoprotein (G) and polymerase (L) gene products, respectively, of other rhabdoviruses, especially nucleorhabdoviruses, whereas ORF2, ORF3 and ORF4 proteins had no significant similarities to other proteins in the international databases. Similarities between OFV and rhabdoviruses were also found in the sequence complementarity at both termini of each RNA segment (the common terminal sequences are 3'-UGUGUC---GACACA-5'), the conserved intergenic sequences and in being negative sense. It was proposed that a new genus Dichorhabdovirus in the family Rhabdoviridae of the order Mononegavirales should be established with OFV as its prototype member and type species.

DOI： 10.1099/vir.0.81811-0

Lower levels of transgene silencing in roots is associated with reduced DNA methylation levels at non-symmetrical sites but not at symmetrical sites 査読

IB Andika, H Kondo, MD Rahim, T Tamada

PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 60 ( 3 ) 423 - 435 2006年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：SPRINGER

Transgene transcripts were recently shown to accumulate at higher levels in roots, relative to leaves, of silenced-transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants and to be inversely related with the accumulation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), suggesting that RNA silencing is less active in roots than in leaves (Andika et al., 2005. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 18: 194). Here we show that the lower transgene RNA silencing activity in roots was associated with lower transgene methylation levels at non-symmetrical CpNpN context but not at symmetrical CpG or CpNpG context in three sets of transformant plants with different exogenous genes. In contrast, such a difference between roots and leaves was not observed for the Tnt1 retrotransposon: no Tnt1 transcript was detected in roots or in leaves of N. benthamiana, while equal levels of Tnt1-derived siRNA accumulation and Tnt1 methylation were found. From our data and previously reported information, we suggest that roots have less of an activity that acts at the step of generation of siRNAs.

DOI： 10.1007/s11103-005-4429-7

Evidence that RNA silencing-mediated resistance to Beet necrotic yellow vein virus is less effective in roots than in leaves 査読

IB Andika, H Kondo, T Tamada

MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS 18 ( 3 ) 194 - 204 2005年3月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC

In plants, RNA silencing is part of a defense mechanism against virus infection but there is little information as to whether RNA silencing-mediated resistance functions similarly in roots and leaves. We have obtained transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants encoding the coat protein readthrough domain open reading frame (54 kDa) of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), which either showed a highly resistant or a recovery phenotype following foliar rub-inoculation with BNYVV. These phenotypes were associated with an RNA silencing mechanism. Roots of the resistant plants that were immune to foliar rub-inoculation with BNYVV could be infected by viruliferous zoo-spores of the vector fungus Polymyxa betae, although virus multiplication was greatly limited. In addition, virus titer was reduced in symptomless leaves of the plants showing the recovery phenotype, but it was high in roots of the same plants. Compared with leaves of silenced plants, higher levels of transgene mRNAs and lower levels of transgene-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) accumulated in roots. Similarly, in nontransgenic plants inoculated with BNYVV, accumulation level of viral RNA-derived siRNAs in roots was lower than in leaves. These results indicate that the RNA silencing-mediated resistance to BNYVV is less effective in roots than in leaves.

DOI： 10.1094/MPMI-18-0194

A reovirus of the fungus Cryphonectria parasitica that is infectious as particles and related to the Coltivirus genus of animal pathogens 査読

BI Hillman, S Supyani, H Kondo, N Suzuki

JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY 78 ( 2 ) 892 - 898 2004年1月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY

RNA viruses of filamentous fungi fall into two broad categories, those that contain double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) genomes in rigid particles and those that are more closely related to positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with dsRNA replicative intermediates found within lipid vesicles. Effective infectivity systems have been described for the latter, using RNA transcripts, but not for the former. We report the characterization of a reovirus from Cryphonectria parasitica, the filamentous fungus that causes chestnut blight disease. The virus substantially reduces the virulence of the fungus and results in dramatically altered colony morphology, as well as changes in other associated fungal traits, relative to the virus-free isogenic strain. Virus particles from infected mycelium contained 11 segments of dsRNA and showed characteristics typical of the family Reoviridae. Sequences of the largest three segments revealed that the virus is closely related to the Coltivirus genus of animal pathogens, which includes the human pathogen Colorado tick fever virus. The introduction of purified virus particles into protoplasts from virus-free isolates of the fungus resulted in a newly infected mycelium with the same morphology and virus composition as the original virus-infected isolate. This represents the completion of Koch's postulates for a true dsRNA virus from a filamentous fungus and the description of a definitive fungal member of the family Reoviridae.

DOI： 10.1128/JVI.78.2.892-898.2004

Orchid fleck virus: Brevipalpus californicus mite transmission, biological properties and genome structure 査読国際誌

H Kondo, T Maeda, T Tamada

EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY 30 ( 1-3 ) 215 - 223 2003年

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL

Orchid fleck virus (OFV) causes necrotic or chlorotic ring spots and fleck symptoms in many orchid species world-wide. The virus has non-enveloped, bacilliform particles of about 40 nm x 100-150 nm and is sap-transmissible to several plant species. OFV is transmitted by the mite Brevipalpus californicus (Banks) in a persistent manner and efficiently transmitted by both adults and nymphs, but not by larvae. Viruliferous mites retain their infectivity for 3 weeks on a virus-immune host. The genome of OFV consists of two molecules of 6431 (RNA1) and 6001 nucleotides (RNA2). The RNAs have conserved and complementary terminal sequences. RNA1 contains five open reading frames (ORF), and RNA2 encodes a single ORF. Although some of the encoded proteins of OFV have sequences similar to those of proteins of plant rhabdoviruses, OFV differs from viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae in having a bipartite genome.

DOI： 10.1023/B:APPA.0000006550.88615.10

Identification of Orchid fleck virus by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and analysis of isolate relationships

AL Blanchfield, AM Mackenzie, A Gibbs, H Kondo, T Tamada, CR Wilson

JOURNAL OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY-PHYTOPATHOLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT 149 ( 11-12 ) 713 - 718 2001年12月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：BLACKWELL VERLAG GMBH

Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests with a primer complementary to a region of its nucleoprotein gene together with a polydT/ SP6 primer, Orchid fleck virus (OFV) was detected in 34 samples of infected orchids of several different genera from world-wide sources. The resulting DNA fragments were approximately 800 bp in length and their sequences were determined directly. Analysis of sequences of the major open reading frame (ORF) within the DNA fragments obtained showed the presence of two virus strains. The first group was of two isolates, the original Japanese isolate from which the primers were derived and one from Germany, and the second group contained 33 isolates from four continents. The sequences of different groups differed from one another by at least 15.6% (nucleotide) and 1.8% (amino-acid), but the within-group differences were much less (< 1.7% difference). A search of the international nucleotide database with the OFV sequences showed them to be related, but distantly, to nucleoprotein regions of the genomes of four plant-infecting rhabdoviruses.

DOI： 10.1046/j.1439-0434.2001.00702.x

Comparative cytopathology and immunocytochemistry of Japan, Australian and Brazilian isolates of Orchid fleck virus.(共著)

Kitajima et al.

Journal of General Plant Pathology 67 ( 3 ) 231 - 237 2001年

記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：Phytopathological Society of Japan

Cytopathic effects in orchid leaf tissues infected with Australian, Japanese and Brazilian isolates of Orchid fleck virus(OFV) were indistinguishable and like those previously described in the literature. Cells had an electron-lucent viroplasm with unenveloped rod-shaped virions in the nucleus and cytoplasm, often associated with the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope and the endoplasmic reticulum. Antiserum raised against a Japanese isolate of OFV reacted with Brazilian and Australian isolates in ELISA, and when used for immuno-gold labelling, also reacted in situ with the rod-shaped virions and the intranuclear viroplasm of all three isolates. These results suggest that the viroplasm is where structural proteins accumulate and virions are formed.

DOI： 10.1007/PL00013018

その他リンク： http://id.nii.ac.jp/1141/00138246/

Calanthe mild mosaic virus, a new potyvirus causing a mild mosaic disease of Clanth orchid in Japan(共著)

Garae t al

Journal of Phytopathology 146 ( 7 ) 357 - 363 1998年8月

Protective roles of two aluminum (Al)-induced genes, HSP150 and SED1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in Al and oxidative stresses

B Ezaki, RC Gardner, Y Ezaki, H Kondo, H Matsumoto

FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS 159 ( 1 ) 99 - 105 1998年2月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV

We isolated two yeast cDNA clones whose transcripts are induced by aluminum (Al) metal stress. Partial nucleotide sequencing showed that one is the HSP150 gene encoding a secreted heat shock protein, and the other corresponds to the SED1 gene encoding a putative membrane protein. To clarify the biological functions of these genes, we analyzed the sensitivity of gene-disrupted mutants to Al stress and to oxidative stresses. The Al tests indicated that the HSP150 protein served a basal protective role in Al stress, but SED1 did nor, both of the genes had protective roles for oxidative stresses. The results for the HSP150 gene suggest that there is an overlap between Al ion stress, oxidative stress and heat shock stress in yeast. (C) 1998 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/S0378-1097(97)00554-5

ラン科植物に発生するシンビジウムモザイクウイルスの血清学的検出

Gara I Wayan, 近藤秀樹, 前田孚憲

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 5 ( 1 ) 39 - 46 1997年3月

日本においてCymbidium属植物から分離された生物学的性質の異なるOdontoglossum Ringspot Virus分離株のペプチドマッピングによる比較

近藤秀樹, 前田孚憲, 井上成信

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 5 ( 1 ) 31 - 38 1997年3月

Stunt disease of Habenaria radiata caused by a strain of watermelon mosaic virus 2(共著)

Gara et al.

Annals of the phytopathological society of Japan 63 ( 2 ) 113 - 117 1997年

記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：The Phytopathological Society of Japan

1995年,岡山県倉敷市において採集した,激しい萎縮,葉の奇形とモザイクを示したサギソウから分離されたpotyvirusは,ウイルス粒子の形態,感染細胞内所見,アブラムシ伝搬性,宿主範囲,血清学的類縁関係からカボチャモザイクウイルス(WMV 2)と同定された。本ウイルスの宿主範囲および病徴は,数種の植物において,既報の分離株のそれらと異なっていた。外被タンパク質(CP)遺伝子を含むウイルスゲノムの3'末端領域の塩基配列を決定し,既報の5分離株のそれと比較した結果, CPのアミノ酸配列で87-97%, 3'非翻訳領域で94-97%の相同性が認められた。WMV 2のサギソウにおける発生の報告は初めてであり,ウイルス病の和名をサギソウ萎縮病としたい。

DOI： 10.3186/jjphytopath.63.113

Altered mitochondrial gene expression in a maternal distorted leaf mutant of Arabidopsis induced by chloroplast mutator

W Sakamoto, H Kondo, M Murata, F Motoyoshi

PLANT CELL 8 ( 8 ) 1377 - 1390 1996年8月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）出版者・発行元：AMER SOC PLANT PHYSIOLOGISTS

chloroplast mutator (chm) of Arabidopsis is a recessive nuclear mutation that causes green and white variegation in leaves and is inherited in a non-Mendelian fashion. In this study, we have identified and characterized a mutant observed in F-1 and backcrossed BC1 populations from a cross between chm1-3 and ecotype Columbia. This mutant, maternal distorted leaf (MDL), grows very poorly and is distinguished by distorted rough leaves and aborted flowering organs. Electron microscopic observation showed that in MDL plants, a significant portion of mitochondria are abnormal and appear to be nonfunctional. DNA gel blot end sequence analysis of the MDL mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) revealed rearrangements in two mtDNA fragments associated with rps3-rpl16 genes (encoding ribosomal proteins S3 and L16, respectively). One rearrangement resulted in the insertion of the rps3-rpl16 operon downstream of atp9. An independent deletion in this region had eliminated the majority of rps3. In contrast, another rearrangement deleted part of rpl16, whereas rps3 remained intact. RNA gel blot analysis indicated that expression of these genes is also altered as a consequence of the mtDNA rearrangements. Thus, a mutation at the CHM locus affects mitochondrial gene expression, and impaired mitochondrial function may result in the distorted phenotype.

DOI： 10.1105/tpc.8.8.1377

Ixiaから分離されたbean yellow mosaic virus

辻俊也, 前田孚憲, 近藤秀樹

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 4 ( 2 ) 201 - 213 1996年3月

エビネ類に発生する黄色斑紋モザイク病の病原，Orchid Fleck Virusについて

井上成信, 松本純一, 前田孚憲, 光畑興二, 近藤秀樹, 田原望武

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 4 ( 2 ) 119 - 135 1996年

記述言語：日本語出版者・発行元：岡山大学資源生物科学研究所

Orchid fleck virus(OFV) was isolated from Calanthe spp.(Cal. discolor,Cal. Bicolor,Cal. Hizen,Cal. triplicata,Cal longicalcarata,Cal Satusma) showing light-green and/or yellowish fleck mosaic on the leaves, which different from previously known viruses of Calanthe. OFV caused systemic infection in Calanthe, Chenopodium quinoa and Beta vulgasis var. cicla, and local infection in C.amaranticolor, C. murale, Spinacia oleracea, Tetragonia expansa, Nicotiana tabacum, N. clevelandii, N. glutinasa, N. rustica, Vigna unguiculata. C quinoa and T expansa are useful as indecator hosts and as a source of virus for inoculation, diagnosis and purification. Sap from C. quinoa was infective after dilution to 10-3 but not 10-4, after 10 min at 45 but not 50℃, and after 1 hr at 20℃ but not 2 hrs. For sap inoculation, it is best to use the homogenate of OFV-onfected leaves within about 7-8 min after homogenization in summer and within about 15 min in winter. The virus particles were bullet-shape or bacilliform, approximately 45-50×105-125 nm in a negatively stained praparations. In ultrathin sections, the viroplasms were observed in the nuclei, and the virus particles and the chracteristic spokewheel structures were found both in the nuclei and the cytoplasm. Antiserum (precipitin tiner:1/512) against the present virus reacted strongly with the isolates of OFV-Cy-50, similar to that of homologous virus. In agar gel diffusion tests, no spur formation occurred among Cal. 94-16 and OFV-Cy-50. In SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, one major band of Mr 55,000, probably viral nucleocapsid-protein, and three minor proteins were detected, similar to those of OFV･So from Cymbidium.1988年以来、山口・宮崎・鹿児島県で発生が認められたエビネ類（エビネ、タカネ、ヒゼン、サツマ、ツルラン、オナガエビネ）の葉に淡緑色～黄色斑紋のモザイク病の病原ウイルスを調べたところ、orchid fleck virusと同定された。本ウイルスは11科46種（54品種）の植物に汁液接種を行ったところ、エビネに感染して原株と同様の病班を生じたほか、C.quinoa,フダンソウに全身感染し、C.murale,ホウレンソウ、ツルナ、ササゲ、タバコ、N.clevelandii,N.glutinosa,N.rusticaの5科12種の植物に局部感染が認められた。本ウイルスの粒子はDN法試料で被膜のない弾丸型であり、またときに短桿菌型も存在したが、その大きさは長さが約105～125nm、幅約45～50nmであった。病葉の粗汁液を用いた希釈限度は10-3～10-4、不活性化温度は45～50℃、保存限度は1～2時間であった。ウイルスの汁液接種には、接種源植物としてC.quinoa またはツルナがよく、病葉磨砕後夏期では7分以内、冬期では15分以内の病汁液を供試すると接種検定によい結果が得られることが認められた。純化ウイルスを家兎に注射して、微滴法で力値512倍の抗血清が得られた。本抗血清はCymbidium から分離されたOFV・Cy-50とよく反応し、寒天ゲル内二重拡散法では Cal.94-16およびOFV・Cy-50の沈降帯が完全に融合した。ウイルスの構造蛋白質の分子量は約55Kであった。病細胞の超薄切片の電顕観察像には、閣内にviroplasmが認められ、その内部や周辺に層状に集塊あるいは散在した粒子が認められた。さらに核内や細胞質内に膜に包まれた車輪状の粒子集塊も見られた。OFVによる本病をエビネ類黄色斑紋モザイク病とした。

バンダから分離されたCymubidium Mosaic Virusの諸性質

Gara I Wayan, Kondo Hideki, Maeda Takanori, Mitsuhata Koji, Inouye Narinobu

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 4 ( 2 ) 164 - 174 1996年

記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：岡山大学資源生物科学研究所

A virus causing necrotic spots and necrotic flecks on the leaves of Vanda orchids in Japan was identified as cymbidium mosaic virus(Cymv) on the basis of host range,stabilly in crude sap, particle morphology, serological test and physico-chemical properties. The virus was transmitted by sap inoculation to 12 of 57 species in 6 of 12 families tested, but not by aphid Mizus persicae or through seeds. Systemic infection occurred in all Orchidaceae plants tested and only one in non-orchidaceae (Sesamum indicum). In Tetragonia expansa sap, the infective at a dilution of 10-5 but not at 10-6, after heating at 65℃ for 10 min, and was still active after 1 month aging in vitro. Flexuous rod particles, c. 475×13nm,were observed.In ultrahtin sections of leaf tissues from diseased plants, virus particles were found to aggregate in the cytoplasm. The molecular weight of the protein submit and RNA determined by gel electrophoresis, was 27.8×103 and 2.2×106, respectively. Double-stranded RNAs with estimated molecular weight of 5.4×106, 4.0×106, 3.6×106 and 3.0×106 were isolated from infected plants.日本において葉にえそ斑やえそ輪紋を示すバンダから分離されたウイルスは、宿主範囲、病葉汁液中での安定性、粒子長、物理化学的性質、外被タンパク質ならびにウイルスRNAの分子量等からCymbidiummosaic virus(CyMV) と同定された。本ウイルスを12科57種の植物に汁液接種したところ、数種のラン科植物とゴマに全身感染した。また、本ウイルスは汁液接種で容易に伝搬されず、種子伝染も認められなかった。ツルナの病葉汁液中での安定性は不活化温度が65～70℃（10分）、希釈限度が10-5～10-6、保存限度が20℃で１～2ヶ月であった。DN法による電顕観察では屈曲性のある長さ約475×13nmのひも状粒子が多数認められ、感染葉（Cymbidium) の超薄切片にはウイルス粒子がfingerprint状として細胞質内に存在することが確かめられた。ゲル電気泳動により外被タンパク質とウイルスRNAの分子量の解析を行ったところ、それぞれ27.8×103、2.2×106であった。また、本ウイルスに罹病したツルナ葉からは、主に4種の感染に特異的な二本鎖RNA（分子量約5.4×106、4.0×106、3.6×106 3.0×106）が検出された。

Ixia から分離された bean yellow mosaic virus

Tsuji Toshiya, Maeda Takanori, Kondo Hideki, Inouye Narinobu

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 4 ( 2 ) 201 - 213 1996年

記述言語：英語出版者・発行元：岡山大学資源生物科学研究所

A strain (Ixia-B) of bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) isolated from Ixia hybrida was characterized and compared with other isolates of BYMV and clover yellow vein virus (CYVV). Ixia-B was transmitted by aphids,Myzus presicae in a non-presistent manner and by sap-inoculation to 11 of 46 species in 5 of 10 families tested, and had a similar host range to that of some BYMV isolates, althrough some defferences were detected. Sap from diseased C. quinoa was infective after 10 min heating at 55℃ but not 60℃, after a dilution to 10-3 but not 10-4, and after 2 days but not 4 days at 20℃.The Virus particles were filamentous rods of about 13×820 nm. Ixia-B contaied a single protein species with a molecular weight of 34,000 and a single viral RNA with approximately 9,000 bases. In ultrahtin sections of leaf tissues from infected plants, the virus particles, cylindrical cytoplasmic inclusions and dense bodies were obsserved in the cytoplasm. The antiserum to Ixia-B produced by immunizing a rabbit had a titer of 1/512. A close serological relationship was revealed between Ixia-B and two strains of BYMV from crocus and gladiolus, but no relationship to clover yellow vein virus was found in agar gel diffusion tests. However,Ixia-B could be distinguished from two strains of BYMV by the formation of spurs among them in agar gel and by the differences in the patterns of peptide mapping of coat proteins. From these findings, Ixia-B was identified as a strain of BYMV.1992年に岡山県倉敷市玉島で、葉に斑入りを生じた球根類花卉植物Ixia hybridaからpotyvirus(Ixia-B)が分離され、その諸性質から bean yellow masaic virus(BYMV)と同定された。本ウイルスを11科47種の植物に接種したとこと、フリージャ、Nicotiana clevelandii、Chenopodium amaranticolar、ソラマメ、クリムソンクローバー、インゲンマメ、ホウレンソウに全身感染し、またC.quinoa、フダンソウ、ツルナ、センニチコウなどに局部感染したが、エンドウ、ササゲ、ダイズなどには感染しなかった。本ウイルスをはモモアカアブラムシにより非永続的伝搬され、C.quinoa の病葉粗汁液中での安定性は耐熱性が55℃～60℃（10分）、耐希釈性10-3～10-4、耐保存性2～4日であった。DN法試料の電顕観察で多くのpotyvirusよりやや長い約820nmのひも状粒子と管状封入体の破片が見られた。感染葉の超薄切片では風車状、層板状の封入体、dence body、細胞質に散在するウイルス粒子が観察された。本ウイルスはfreesia mosaic virusおよびclover yellow vein virusの抗血清と反応せず、また本ウイルス抗血清を用いた寒天ゲル内二重拡散法ではBYMV分離株（Cro-4, BYMV-G）と反応したが、本ウイルスとBYMVのCro-4およびBYMV-G間にspurが形成され、異種抗原の存在が認められた。外被タンパク質の分子量は約34Kで、ssRNAのサイズは約9Kbであった。Papain,chymotrypsin,pepsinを用いた外被タンパク質のぺプタイドマッピングでは、本ウイルス、Cro-4、BYMV-G、Cal-35の部分分解パターンがそれぞれ異なり、外被タンパク質がアミノ酸配列レベルで異なっていることが示唆された。

東洋ランに発生するウイルスの検索・同定

近藤秀樹, 前田孚憲, 光畑興二, 井上成信

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 4 ( 2 ) 149 - 162 1996年

記述言語：日本語出版者・発行元：岡山大学資源生物科学研究所

A survey of virus diseases occurring in Oriental Cymbidium collected from a commerical nursery and home garden in Japan was conducted in 1991-1994. Identification of the vurus was based on partcle morphology, symptomatology in indicator plants, ultrastructure of infected cells and serology. Four viruses, odontoglossum ringspot tabamovirus(ORSV), cymbidium mosaic potexvirus(CyMV), orchid fleck virus (ORV) and a previously underscribed spherical virus, were found in 27 out of 37 Cymbidium plants tested. ORSV was detected from 11 plants belinging to Cym. ensifolium, Cym. forrestii, Cym. goeringii, Cym. kanran, Cym. sinense and Cymbidium spp. showing chlorotic streaks and/or mild mosaic. CyMV was isolated from only one plant of Cymbidium sp. showing mosaic and necrotic spots on leaves. In negatibvely stained dip preparations from plants infected with ORSV and CyMV, rod shaped particles of ca. 310 nm and flexuous rod-shaped ca. 475 nm in length were observed, respectively. The viruses were reacted strongly with respective antiserum to each virus in immunosorbent electron microcopy and inderect ELISA. OFV was isolated from four plants of Cym. formosanum, Cym. kanran, Cym. sinense and Cymbidium sp. showing mosaic and necrotic flecks. The virus had non-enveloped, bullet-shaped particles about 40×120～150 nm in dip preparation. The undescribed spherical virus, ca. 28 nm diameter, was isolated from 11 plants of Cym. forrestii, Cym. goeringii and Cymbidium spp. showing stunting and chlorotic streaks on newly developed leaves. The virus was mechanically transmitted only to Cymbidium orchids. Previously, we designated it as cymbidium chlorotic mosaic sobemovirus(CyCMV)(Kondo et al,1994),as the virus was considered to be a new member of the genus Sobemovirsu.1991～1994年にかけ山口県ならびに岡山県下を中心に東洋ラン（シンビジウム属）のウイルス病の発生調査を行った。ウイルス病様の症状を示していた37株の東洋ランを採集し、これらから病原ウイルスの分離、同定を試みた結果、オドントグロッサムリングスポットウイルス（ORSV）、シンビジウムモザイクウイルス（CyMV）、ランえそ斑紋ウイルス（OFV）ならびにソベモウイルス属の新ウイルスであるシュンラン退緑ウイルス（CyCMV）の発生が認められた。ORSVは退緑条斑や軽いモザイク症状を示すスルガラン、カンラン、コラン、ホウサイランなどから分離された。CyMVは明瞭なえそ斑を伴うモザイクを呈した東洋ラン（品種不祥、赤芽素心）から分離された。ORSVならびにCyMVに感染した植物のDN法試料中には電顕観察でそれぞれ長さ約310nmの棒状粒子と約475nmのひも状粒子が観察され、免疫電顕法と間接ELISA法では、これらのウイルスはそれぞれのウイルスに対する抗血清とよく反応した。OFVは退緑斑あるいはえそ斑点を生じているイトラン、カンラン、ホウサイランなどから検出された。その粒子形態は長さ約120～150nm、幅約40nmの被膜のない弾丸状あるいは桿菌状であった。CyCMVは新芽に明瞭な退緑斑や退緑状斑症状を示すシナシュンラン、シュンランなどから分離された。この球状ウイルスは直径約28nmで、シンビジウム属以外の植物には感染が認められなかった。今回の発生調査では、東洋ランからはORSVならびに新ウイルスのCyCMVがもっとも多く分離され、OFVは4株から、CyMVは1株から検出された。またこれらのウイルスによる重複感染は認められなかった。

エビネ（Calanthe spp.）から分離されたCymbidium mosaic virus

松本純一, 占部慎治, 前田孚憲, 光畑興二, 近藤秀樹, 田原望武, 井上成信

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 4 ( 2 ) 187 - 199 1996年

記述言語：日本語出版者・発行元：岡山大学資源生物科学研究所

Cymbidium mosaic virus(CyMV) was isolated from Calanthe spp. showing mosaic on the leaves, collected in Yamaguchi and Kyoto Prefectures in 1986～1993. CyMV, Cal. 90-1 isolate was transmitted by sapinoculation to 12 out of 37 species in 7 out of 9 families. Sap from diseaded Tetragonia expansa was infective to Chenopodium amaranticolor after dilution to 10-5 but not 10-6, after heating at 65℃ for 10 min but not 70℃, and after 1 month at 20℃ but not 2 months. The virus particles were flexuous rod, about 475 nm long. The virus was purified from diseased T. expansa leaves and contained a single protein species of Mr27,800. The Mr of the capsid proteins(Cal. 90-1) was similar to those of two ohter CyMV isolates(Cal. 90-4, Cal. 93-14).Cal. 90-1 and Cal. 93-14 reacted with antiserum to the Cymbidium isolate (Cy-16), suggesting that Cal. 90-1 was serologically very similar to the other two CyMV isolates. Two species of dsRNA were isolated from plants infected with Cal-1 and they were similar to those of two other CyMv isolates.1986年、1990年および1993年に採集したモザイクを示すエビネからcymbidium mosaic virus（CyMV）を検出して同定し、諸性質を調べた。本ウイルスは汁液接種により供試した9科37種のうち、エビネとゴマに全身感染し、ツルナなど6科11種に局部感染した。しかし、分離株によってキュウリやセンニチコウの接種葉に感染するものと感染しないものがあった。ツルナ病葉粗汁液中での安定性は耐熱性65～70℃、耐希釈性10-5～10-6、耐保存性1～2ヶ月であった。DN法試料の電顕観察では長さ約475nmのウイルス粒子が観察された。ウイルス外被タンパク質の分子量は約27,800であり、既報のCyMVの値とほぼ同じであった。ツルナ感染葉中の感染に特異的な二本鎖RNAの電気泳動ではreplicative form と思われる4.43×106と3.84×106のバンドが認められた。エビネから分離されたCyMV分離株は直接二重酵素結合抗体法（DAS－ELISA）で、Cy－16分離株の抗血清とよく反応するものが多かったが、反応が弱く、抗原性に若干の違いがあるものが存在した。

東洋ラン(Cymbidium sp.)から分離されたOrchid Fleck Virusの性状について

近藤秀樹, 松本純一, 前田孚憲, 井上成信

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 3 ( 2 ) 151 - 161 1995年

記述言語：日本語出版者・発行元：岡山大学資源生物科学研究所

Orchid flck virus (OFV) was isolated from Oriental Cymbidium (Cymbidium sp.),showing chlorotic flecks on leaves. The virus was transmitted mechanically to Chenopodium quinoa,C.murale and Beta vulgaris by sap-inoculation and caused systemic infection. Local lesions were produced on C.amaranticolar, Petunia hybrida, Tetragonia expansa and Vigna sinensis. Sap from infected T.expansa was still infective after 10 mim at 40℃ but not after 10 min at 45℃, at a dilution of 10-3 but not 10-4, and after 30 min at room temperature but not after 60 min. The isolate of OFV had non-enveloped, bullet-shaped patricles measuring about 40×120－150 nm in dip preparations. However, bacilliform particles about 40×120-140 nm were observed in ultrathin sections. In ultrahtin sections of virus-infected tissues, virus patricles were detected both in the nuclei and in the cytoplasm. Moreover, the inclusions of low electron density(viroplasm) were also observed in the nuclei.Virus particles were found to attach at one end to the inner nuclear membrane. A number of particles surrounded by the inner membrane often showed an appearance like a spoked wheel.1992年10月岡山市内で採集した葉に退緑斑点症状を示す東洋ラン（Cymbidium sp.）より分離されたウイルスはランえそ斑紋ウイルス（orchid fleck virus;OFV）と同定された。本ウイルスは汁液接種を行った11科41種の植物のうち、アカザ科のChenopodium murale, C.quinoa, Beta vulgalis の3種に全身感染し、ツルナ、C.amaranticolar,ササゲ、ペチュニア、Nicotiana glutinosa の4科5種に局部感染した。本ウイルスは病葉粗汁液中では安定性が低く、ツルナ粗汁液での安定性は耐熱性40～45℃、耐希釈性10-3～10-4、耐保存性30～45分であった。DN法試料の電顕観察ではウイルス粒子は長さ120～150nm、幅約40nmの被膜のない弾丸状であった。感染葉の超薄切片では約120～140×40nm の短桿状粒子として観察された。感染細胞の超薄切片像ではウイルス粒子が各種細胞に観察された。また感染細胞の核内には封入体（viroplasm）が認められ、その周辺や内部に粒子が集塊あるいは散在して認められた。さらに核膜近傍ではウイルス粒子が核膜内膜に吸着したもの認められ、その細胞質側には車輪状などに配列した膜系に包まれた粒子集団が認められた。

東洋ラン・Cymbidium属植物から分離されたOdontoglossum ringspot Tobamovirus(ORSV)について

近藤秀樹, 前田孚憲, 井上成信

岡山大学資源生物科学研究所報告 1 ( 1 ) p21 - 34 1992年3月

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