記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Neurosurgeons who treat head traumas often encounter cervical spinal injuries. They should be aware of the neurological symptoms, the severity of the symptoms, and the imaging features of cervical injuries. When surgery is required, fixation is often performed.

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1436204851

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The interruption of cerebral blood flow leads to ischemic cell death and results in ischemic stroke. Although ischemic stroke is one of the most important causes of long-term disability and mortality, limited treatments are available for functional recovery. Therefore, extensive research has been conducted to identify novel treatments. Neurogenesis is regarded as a fundamental mechanism of neural plasticity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting neurogenesis are thought to be promising. Basic research has found that therapeutic intervention including cell therapy, rehabilitation, and pharmacotherapy increased neurogenesis and was accompanied by functional recovery after ischemic stroke. In this review, we consolidated the current knowledge of the relationship between neurogenesis and treatment for ischemic stroke. It revealed that many treatments for ischemic stroke, including clinical and preclinical ones, have enhanced brain repair and functional recovery post-stroke along with neurogenesis. However, the intricate mechanisms of neurogenesis and its impact on stroke recovery remain areas of extensive research, with numerous factors and pathways involved. Understanding neurogenesis will lead to more effective stroke treatments, benefiting not only stroke patients but also those with other neurological disorders. Further research is essential to bridge the gap between preclinical discoveries and clinical implementation.

DOI： 10.3390/biomedicines11102773

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1101/2023.01.03.522598

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIMS: SB623 cells are human bone marrow stromal cells transfected with Notch1 intracellular domain. In this study, we examined potential regenerative mechanisms underlying stereotaxic transplantation of SB623 cells in rats with experimental acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We prepared control group, empty capsule (EC) group, SB623 cell group (SB623), and encapsulated SB623 cell (eSB623) group. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was performed on day 0, and 24 h after MCAO, stroke rats received transplantation into the envisioned ischemic penumbra. Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was evaluated, and histological evaluations were performed. RESULTS: In the mNSS, SB623 and eSB623 groups showed significant improvement compared to the other groups. Histological analysis revealed that the infarction area in SB623 and eSB623 groups was reduced. In the eSB623 group, robust cell viability and neurogenesis were detected in the subventricular zone that increased significantly compared to all other groups. CONCLUSION: SB623 cells with or without encapsulation showed therapeutic effects on ischemic stroke. Encapsulated SB623 cells showed enhanced neurogenesis and increased viability inside the capsules. This study reveals the mechanism of secretory function of transplanted SB623 cells, but not cell-cell interaction as primarily mediating the cells' functional benefits in ischemic stroke.

DOI： 10.1111/cns.13947

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients often suffer from spinal diseases requiring surgeries, although the risk of complications is high. There are few reports on outcomes after spinal surgery for PD patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS). The objective of this study was to explore the data on spinal surgery for PD patients with precedent DBS. We evaluated 24 consecutive PD patients with 28 spinal surgeries from 2007 to 2017 who received at least a 2-year follow-up. The characteristics and outcomes of PD patients after spinal surgery were compared to those of 156 non-PD patients with degenerative spinal diseases treated in 2013-2017. Then, the characteristics, outcomes, and spinal alignment of PD patients receiving DBS were analyzed in degenerative spinal/lumbar diseases. The mean age at the time of spinal surgery was 68 years. The Hoehn and Yahr score regarding PD was stage 1 for 8 patients, stage 2 for 2 patients, stage 3 for 8 patients, stage 4 for 10 patients, and stage 5 for 0 patient. The median preoperative L-DOPA equivalent daily dose was 410 mg. Thirteen patients (46%) received precedent subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS. Lumbar lesions with pain were common, and operation and anesthesia times were long in PD patients. Pain and functional improvement of PD patients persisted for 2 years after surgery with a higher complication rate than for non-PD patients. PD patients with STN DBS maintained better lumbar lordosis for 2 years after spinal surgery. STN DBS significantly maintained spinal alignment with subsequent pain and functional amelioration 2 years after surgery. The outcomes of spinal surgery for PD patients might be favorably affected by thorough treatment for PD including DBS.

DOI： 10.2176/nmc.oa.2021-0094

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: The major surgical treatment for Parkinson's disease (PD) is deep brain stimulation (DBS), but a less invasive treatment is desired. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a relatively safe treatment without cerebral invasiveness. In this study, we developed a wireless controllable electrical stimulator to examine the efficacy of VNS on PD model rats. METHODS: Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent placement of a cuff-type electrode and stimulator on the vagus nerve. Following which, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was administered into the left striatum to prepare a PD model. VNS was started immediately after 6-OHDA administration and continued for 14 days. We evaluated the therapeutic effects of VNS with behavioral and immunohistochemical outcome assays under different stimulation intensity (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mA). RESULTS: VNS with 0.25-0.5 mA intensity remarkably improved behavioral impairment, preserved dopamine neurons, reduced inflammatory glial cells, and increased noradrenergic neurons. On the other hand, VNS with 0.1 mA and 1 mA intensity did not display significant therapeutic efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: VNS with 0.25-0.5 mA intensity has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects on PD model rats induced by 6-OHDA administration. In addition, we were able to confirm the practicality and effectiveness of the new experimental device.

DOI： 10.3390/biomedicines9070789

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記述言語：英語  

Adhesive arachnoiditis (AA) is a chronic inflammation inside the dura and remains one of the most challenging diseases. We describe a case of treatment-resistant extensive AA that offers insight into surgical treatment selection. The patient had a 2-year history of progressive spastic gait and was diagnosed with syringomyelia caused by extensive AA. Although syringe-subarachnoid and subarachnoid-subarachnoid shunting resulted in recurrence within a short period, syringo- peritoneal shunting improved the symptoms and there was no recurrence. This case suggests that syringo-peritoneal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt drainage, which has previously been considered a further step, may be a first-surgery option for extensive AA.

DOI： 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2020-0228

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) is a state of hypoperfusion and hypometabolism in the contralesional cerebellar hemisphere caused by a supratentorial lesion, but its pathophysiology is not fully understood. We evaluated chronological changes in cerebellar blood flow (CbBF) and gene expressions in the cerebellum using a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). CbBF was analyzed at two and seven days after MCAO using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). DNA microarray analysis and western blotting of the cerebellar cortex were performed and apoptotic cells in the cerebellar cortex were stained. CbBF in the contralesional hemisphere was significantly decreased and this lateral imbalance recovered over one week. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that a gene set for "oxidative phosphorylation" was significantly upregulated while fourteen other gene sets including "apoptosis", "hypoxia" and "reactive oxygen species" showed a tendency toward upregulation in the contralesional cerebellum. MCAO upregulated the expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the contralesional cerebellar cortex. The number of apoptotic cells increased in the molecular layer of the contralesional cerebellum. Focal cerebral ischemia in our rat MCAO model caused CCD along with enhanced expression of genes related to oxidative stress and apoptosis.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms21114137

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Cell therapy for disorders of the central nervous system has progressed to a new level of clinical application. Various clinical studies are underway for Parkinson's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and various other neurological diseases. Recent biotechnological developments in cell therapy have taken advantage of the technology of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. The advent of iPS cells has provided a robust stem cell donor source for neurorestoration via transplantation. Additionally, iPS cells have served as a platform for the discovery of therapeutics drugs, allowing breakthroughs in our understanding of the pathology and treatment of neurological diseases. Despite these recent advances in iPS, adult tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells remain the widely used donor for cell transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells are easily isolated and amplified toward the cells' unique trophic factor-secretion property. In this review article, the milestone achievements of cell therapy for central nervous system disorders, with equal consideration on the present translational obstacles for clinic application, are described.

DOI： 10.1111/cns.13247

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Despite the advances in pharmacological therapies, only the half of depressed patients respond to currently available treatment. Thus, the need for further investigation and development of effective therapies, especially those designed for treatment-resistant depression, has been sorely needed. Although antidepressant effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported, the potential benefit of this cell therapy on treatment-resistant depression is unknown. Cell encapsulation may enhance the survival rate of grafted cells, but the therapeutic effects and mechanisms mediating encapsulation of MSCs remain unexplored. Here, we showed that encapsulation enhanced the antidepressant effects of MSCs by attenuating depressive-like behavior of Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, which are considered as a promising animal model of treatment-resistant depression. The implantation of encapsulated MSCs (eMSCs) into the lateral ventricle counteracted depressive-like behavior and enhanced the endogenous neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, whereas the implantation of MSCs without encapsulation or the implantation of eMSCs into the striatum did not show such ameliorative effects. eMSCs displayed robust and stable secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, fibroblast growth factor-2, and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and the implantation of eMSCs into the lateral ventricle activated relevant pathways associated with these growth factors. Additionally, eMSCs upregulated intrinsic expression of VEGF and CNTF and their receptors. This study suggests that the implantation of eMSCs into the lateral ventricle exerted antidepressant effects likely acting via neurogenic pathways, supporting their utility for depression treatment.

DOI： 10.1038/s41380-018-0208-0

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Background: Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) exerts neuroprotective effects in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Conventional stimulation techniques entail limited stimulation time and restricted movement of animals, warranting the need for optimizing the SCS regimen to address the progressive nature of the disease and to improve its clinical translation to PD patients. Objective: Recognizing the limitations of conventional stimulation, we now investigated the effects of continuous SCS in freely moving parkinsonian rats. Methods: We developed a small device that could deliver continuous SCS. At the start of the experiment, thirty female Sprague-Dawley rats received the dopamine (DA)-depleting neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine, into the right striatum. The SCS device was fixed below the shoulder area of the back of the animal, and a line from this device was passed under the skin to an electrode that was then implanted epidurally over the dorsal column. The rats were divided into three groups: control, 8-h stimulation, and 24-h stimulation, and behaviorally tested then euthanized for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The 8- and 24-h stimulation groups displayed significant behavioral improvement compared to the control group. Both SCS-stimulated groups exhibited significantly preserved tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive fibers and neurons in the striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), respectively, compared to the control group. Notably, the 24-h stimulation group showed significantly pronounced preservation of the striatal TH-positive fibers compared to the 8-h stimulation group. Moreover, the 24-h group demonstrated significantly reduced number of microglia in the striatum and SNc and increased laminin-positive area of the cerebral cortex compared to the control group. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the behavioral and histological benefits of continuous SCS in a time-dependent manner in freely moving PD animals, possibly mediated by anti-inflammatory and angiogenic mechanisms.

DOI： 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00164

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely considered good candidates for cell transplantation therapy. Various central nervous system disorders have been suggested as suitable targets for MSC transplantation therapy. In this context, a great deal of basic and clinical research has been conducted to explore its clinical uses. Although depression is one of the most common diseases in the world, the response rate to the currently available treatment is insufficient and new treatments are much needed. Despite the fact that MSC transplantation therapy has the potential to elicit an antidepressant effect, few studies have been conducted on this topic to date and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. To address the development of a new treatment for depression, we evaluated the effect of MSCs using the encapsulation technique and Wistar-Kyoto rats. Encapsulation enables dissection of the complicated underlying mechanism of MSC transplantation therapy. Wistar-Kyoto rats that exhibit treatment-resistant depressive-like behaviors allow us to compare the effect of MSCs with that of conventional antidepressant treatment. In this commentary, we briefly summarize our recent published results and discuss future research prospects.

DOI： 10.1177/2633105520959064

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive movement disorder and the second most common neurodegenerative disease. Although many studies have been conducted, there is an unmet clinical need to develop new treatments because, currently, only symptomatic therapies are available. To achieve this goal, clarification of the pathology is required. Attempts have been made to emulate human PD and various animal models have been developed over the decades. Neurotoxin models have been commonly used for PD research. Recently, advances in transgenic technology have enabled the development of genetic models that help to identify new approaches in PD research. However, PD animal model trends have not been investigated. Revealing the trends for PD research will be valuable for increasing our understanding of the positive and negative aspects of each model. In this article, we clarified the trends for animal models that were used to research PD in the 2000s, and we discussed each model based on these trends.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms20215402

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats are a useful animal model of treatment-resistant depression. Lithium is effective for treating recurrent mood disorders or treatment-resistant depression, and lithium augmentation treatment is also useful for treatment-resistant depression. However, the treatment effect of lithium on the depressive behavior of WKY rats remains poorly understood, and whether lithium augments the treatment effect of antidepressants in WKY rats is also unknown. In this study, we evaluated the treatment effect of lithium in WKY rats. We also sought to determine if lithium treatment augments the treatment effect of fluoxetine. Lithium was administered for 15 consecutive days and fluoxetine was administered 23.5, 5, and 1 h before the forced swim test (FST) day 2, based on previous studies. Lithium treatment counteracted depressive behavior in the FST and increased hippocampal neurogenesis. Additionally, co-administration of lithium and fluoxetine augmented the treatment effect observed in the FST and in hippocampal neurogenesis in WKY rats, although fluoxetine monotherapy showed no treatment effect. Lithium prevented an increase in body weight, similar to its effect in human patients. These results are consistent with those of lithium augmentation treatment for human patients with treatment-resistant depression. They suggest that WKY rats are a promising animal model for treatment-resistant depression. However, lithium treatment has various side effects. A new treatment with the same anti-depressive effect as fluoxetine + lithium treatment and fewer side effects compared with lithium would be desirable for patients with treatment-resistant depression.

DOI： 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.04.001

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVECervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is one of the most common causes of spinal cord dysfunction. Surgery for CSM is generally effective, but postoperative delirium is a potential complication. Although there have been some studies that investigated postoperative delirium after spine surgery, no useful tool for identifying high-risk patients has been established, and it is unknown if 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores can predict postoperative delirium. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between preoperative SF-36 scores and postoperative delirium after surgery for CSM.METHODSSixty-seven patients who underwent surgery for CSM at the authors' institution were enrolled in this study. Medical records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Patient background, preoperative laboratory data, preoperative SF-36 scores, the preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score for the evaluation of cervical myelopathy, and perioperative factors were selected as potential risk factors for postoperative delirium. These factors were evaluated using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis.RESULTSTen patients were diagnosed with postoperative delirium. Univariable analysis revealed that the physical functioning score (p = 0.01), general health perception score (p < 0.01), and vitality score (p < 0.01) of the SF-36 were significantly lower in patients with postoperative delirium than in those without. The total number of medications was significantly higher in the delirium group compared with the no-delirium group (p = 0.02). In contrast, there were no significant differences between the delirium group and the no-delirium group in cervical JOA scores (p = 0.20). Multivariable analysis revealed that a low general health perception score was an independent risk factor for postoperative delirium (p = 0.02; odds ratio 0.810, 95% confidence interval 0.684-0.960).CONCLUSIONSSome of the SF-36 scores were significantly lower in patients with postoperative delirium than in those without. In particular, the general health perception score was independently correlated with postoperative delirium. SF-36 scores could help identify patients at high risk for postoperative delirium and aid in the development of prevention strategies.

DOI： 10.3171/2018.11.SPINE181031

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: In Parkinson's disease (PD), abnormal postures are often accompanied, which interfere with rehabilitation and subsequent functional recovery. This study investigated the relationship between clinical characteristics and improvement in abnormal postures of PD patients who received subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS). METHODS: Seventy-four PD patients were included in this study. Clinical data were analyzed using the patients' functional status at pre- and post-STN-DBS, including anteflexion vs. non-anteflexion, scoliosis vs. non-scoliosis, improved anteflexion vs. non-improved anteflexion, and improved scoliosis vs. non-improved scoliosis. RESULTS: In patients with anteflexion, UPDRS III motor score at off medication was worse than that of patients with non-anteflexion. Patients with scoliosis presented with more comorbid spinal deformity and longer disease duration than those without scoliosis. Cobb angle of patients with asymmetrical psoas major and erector spinal muscles was more than that of patients without the asymmetry. Patients with improved anteflexion after STN-DBS had thicker abdominal oblique muscle and transverse abdominal muscle than those of patients without improved anteflexion. Patients with improved scoliosis were significantly younger at PD onset than those without improvement. CONCLUSIONS: There were only a few prognostic factors recognized in patients with improved postures. The thick abdominal muscle for anteflexion and younger PD onset for scoliosis were significant factors for improvement by STN-DBS. Rehabilitation designed to maintain muscle for correct postures may contribute to the amelioration of abnormal postures by STN-DBS, although multicenter trials are needed.

DOI： 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.07.014

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.4103/bc.bc_17_18

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier Inc.  

OBJECTIVE: Optimal placement of electrodes is important for spinal cord stimulation. Factors affecting the difficulty of percutaneous electrode placement are not well known. In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the factors affecting the difficulty of percutaneous electrode placement. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 90 consecutive procedures of percutaneous cylindrical electrode implantation at the first author's institution. Age, sex, smoking state, body mass index, the duration of time from the beginning of pain syndrome to operation, diagnosis, the number of previous electrode placements, the previous electrode implantation period, the presence of axial low back pain, the electrode tip level, the pattern of electrode placement, and the reason for reimplantation were selected as factors associated with the success of electrode placement or the operation time of electrode placement. RESULTS: The number of previous electrode placements and the electrode tip level were independently associated with the operation time of electrode placement. According to both univariable and multivariable regression analyses, 1 previous electrode placement lengthened the operation time by approximately 15 minutes. No factors were significantly associated with the success of electrode placement. The more frequently that previous electrode placement was performed, the more difficult electrode placement tended to be. However, electrode reimplantation can be successful given extra time. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to evaluate factors affecting the difficulty of percutaneous electrode placement. A history of percutaneous cylindrical electrode placement did not affect the success of current placement, although it lengthened the operation time.

DOI： 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.02.040

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The spinal extradural arachnoid cyst is a rare entity. Obtaining the correct diagnosis and detecting the fistula location are critical for providing effective treatment. A 41-year-old man had numbness in the soles of his feet for 2 years with accompanying gait disturbance, and a defecation disorder. Computed tomography myelography performed at another hospital revealed an epidural arachnoid cyst from Th11 to L2. He received a subarachnoid-cyst shunt at the rostral part of the cyst. However, his symptoms worsened and he was admitted to our hospital. Neuroradiological investigations revealed the correct location of the fistula at the level of Th12. We performed partial removal of the cyst wall with fistula closure via right hemilaminectomy of Th11 and 12. The complete closure of the fistula was confirmed by intrathecal infusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid through the shunt tube. The shunt tube was removed with the sutures. The patient's symptoms improved, although numbness remained in his bilateral heels. There has been no recurrence in 15 months since the surgery. Fistula closure may work as a balanced therapeutic strategy for spinal extradural arachnoid cyst, and intrathecal cerebrospinal fluid infusion is useful for the confirmation of complete fistula closure.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/55666

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transplantation is an important strategy for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Currently, there are no effective methods to guide BMSCs toward the targeted site. In this study, we investigated the effect of electrical stimulation on BMSCs migration in an ischemic model of rats. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats weighing 200 to 250 g received right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 90 minutes. BMSCs (2.5×105 cells/ 4 µl PBS) were stereotaxically injected into the left corpus callosum at 1 day after MCAO. After BMSCs injection, a plate electrode with a diameter of 3 mm connected to an implantable electrical stimulator was placed on the right frontal epidural space and a counter electrode was placed in the extra-cranial space. Electrical stimulation at preset current (100 µA) and frequency (100 Hz) was performed for two weeks. Behavioral tests were performed at 1, 4, 8, and 15 days after MCAO using the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and cylinder test. Rats were euthanized at 15 days after MCAO for evaluation of infarction area and the migration distance and area of BMSCs found in the brain tissue. After evaluating cell migration, we proceeded to explore the mechanisms guiding these observations. MCAO rats without BMSCs transplantation were stimulated with same current and frequency. At 1 and 2 weeks after MCAO, rats were euthanized to evaluate stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α) level of brain tissues in the bilateral cortex and striatum. RESULTS: Behavioral tests at 4, 8, and 15 days after MCAO revealed that stimulation group displayed significant amelioration in mNSS and cylinder test compared to control group (p<0.05). Similarly, the infarction areas of stroke rats in stimulation group were significantly decreased compared to control group (p<0.05). Migration distance and area of transplanted BMSCs were significantly longer and wider respectively in stimulation group. An increased concentration gradient of SDF-1α in stimulation group accompanied this enhanced migration of transplanted cells. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that electrical stimulation enhances migratory ability of transplanted BMSCs in ischemic stroke model of rats. If we can direct the implanted BMSCs to the site of interest, it may lead to a greater therapeutic effect.

DOI： 10.1159/000488409

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Frontiers Media S.A.  

Several reports have shown that long-term potentiation (LTP) per se effectively enhances neurogenesis in the hippocampus of intact animals. If LTP can enhance neurogenesis in chronic hypoperfusion, this approach could potentially become a new therapeutic strategy for the restoration of cognitive function and for prevention from deterioration of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Using an in vivo LTP model of rats, we examined whether LTP per se can enhance neurogenesis in hypoperfusion rats that underwent permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (permanent 2-vessel occlusion, P2VO). High frequency stimulation (HFS) in the subacute phase after P2VO enhanced hippocampal cell proliferation and neurogenesis. However, most enhanced cell proliferation and neurogenesis was seen in the hypoperfusion rats that received HFS and for which LTP could finally be induced. In contrast, the same effect was not seen in the LTP induction in the chronic phase. The present findings, which reveal that most enhanced neurogenesis was seen in hypoperfusion rats for which LTP could be finally induced, could explain the ability of LTP-like activities such as learning paradigms and environmental stimuli to increase the rate of neurogenesis in the hippocampus even under hypoperfusion conditions. Moreover, the present findings, which reveal that LTP induction in the chronic phase after P2VO could not effectively enhance neurogenesis in the hypoperfusion rats, could indicate that patients with MCI and even middle-aged healthy control individuals should start LTP-like activities as early as possible and continue with these activities to prevent age-related deterioration of hippocampal function.

DOI： 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00029

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The hippocampus is thought to be an important region for depression. However, the relationship between hippocampal neurogenesis and depression is still controversial. Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats are frequently used as a depression model. WKY rats are known to show physiologically abnormal features, and these features resemble abnormalities seen in depressed patients. However, the neurogenesis of WKY rats is still unknown. In this study, we first evaluated the neurogenesis of WKY rats and compared it to that of Wistar (WIS) rats. No strain effect was observed in the number of cells positive for 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and BrdU/Doublecortin (Dcx) in the subventricular zone (SVZ). However, the number of BrdU- and BrdU/Dcx-positive cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus was significantly lower in WKY rats than in WIS rats. Next, we evaluated the correlation between neurogenesis and behavior tests. Behavior tests did not affect neurogenesis in either strain. Hippocampal neurogenesis correlated negatively with the results of a forced swim test (FST) on day 2 in each strain. That is, rats with a lower level of native neurogenesis in the DG showed a higher level of learned helplessness induced by the inescapable stress of the FST on day 1. Our findings indicate that hippocampal neurogenesis in WKY rats is congenitally impaired in contrast to that in WIS rats. Native cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the DG are correlated with stress resistance. These findings may be useful for developing new targets for depression treatment.

DOI： 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.046

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

Unexpected injuries can have a profound effect on a surgeon's performance and thus on patients and surgical departments. Here we describe a technique for performing surgery in the standing position, as done by a surgeon with an Achilles tendon rupture. During his prescribed 45-day non-weight-bearing period for the left ankle after surgery for an Achilles tendon rupture, the surgeon was able to participate in 15 surgeries as an operator or assistant, due to his use of a combination of injured-leg genuflection on a stool and a 'Surgical Body Support' device. Similarly injured surgeons may benefit from such support.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/54813

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a complex and heterogeneous pathology. It is frequently difficult to predict the neurological deterioration of patients with TBI, and unpredictable change may occur even when TBI is mild to moderate. When computed tomography (CT) findings are considered to be inconsistent with the traumatic origin or with the neurological deterioration of patients observed on admission, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is employed based on the standards of our ethical committee. In this retrospective study, we compared CT and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) of patients with mild to moderate TBI in the very acute phase. When the high-intensity lesions on DWI are larger than the high-density lesions on CT images, we defined the imaging finding as a 'CT-DWI mismatch'. Between January 2010 and December 2013, 92 patients were inspected using both CT and MRI at admission, and we detected a CT-DWI mismatch in 35 patients. CT-DWI mismatch was 92.6% (95% confidence interval 79.8-97.9) sensitive and 84.6% (95% confidence interval 79.3-86.3) specific for the prediction of enlargement of the hemorrhagic lesions on repeat CT. CT-DWI mismatch is considered to be useful as one of the predictors of the enlargement of hemorrhagic lesions in patients with mild to moderate TBI.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本脳神経外傷学会  

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Igaku-Shoin Ltd  

Penetrating brain injury(PBI)is very rare in Japan. Because there is a very wide variety of pathological condition of PBI, the guideline for the treatment of PBI has not been established yet. We report the unique case of PBI caused by a steel wire piece completely embedded in the brain parenchyma. A 75-year-old man was brought to the emergency department due to ocular injury caused by a steel wire piece. Neurological examination revealed only left visual disturbance. CT scan revealed a steel wire piece located intraparenchymally between the left frontal lobe and the ventricles, but digital subtraction angiography showed no significant vascular injury in the surrounding structures. We performed an open surgery and removed the steel wire piece. Because the steel wire piece was completely embedded in the brain, we used intraoperative X-ray fluoroscopy to choose a less invasive approach for the brain. The patient suffered no additional neurological deficit and no sign of cerebral infection or seizure after surgery. He was discharged after a 4-week administration of antibiotics. In most cases of PBI caused by low velocity injury, foreign bodies are not completely embedded in the brain except for remnants after surgical removal. This is the first report of low velocity PBI caused by a foreign body completely embedded in the brain.

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1436203150

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Igaku-Shoin Ltd  

Primary leptomeningeal lymphoma(PLML)is a neoplastic meningitis of lymphomatous origin without parenchymal central nervous system(CNS)disease or a systemic tumor. We report a case of PLML that presented with epileptic seizure, and review relevant literature. A 27-year-old man was brought to the emergency department with an epileptic seizure. Two months later, he was again brought to the emergency department with an epileptic seizure. MRI showed enhanced lesions on the surface of the right cerebellar hemisphere, right parietal sulci, and interhemispheric surface of the frontal lobes. We performed an open biopsy and diagnosed the patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the leptomeninges on the basis of histological findings. The patient was initially treated with chemotherapy including high-dose methotrexate(MTX). Because remission was not achieved by chemotherapy, the patient was treated with whole-brain radiation therapy. After onset, the patient survived for 2 years without recurrence. PLML is a particularly rare type of primary CNS lymphoma. The outcome of PLML, compared with general primary CNS lymphoma, is reported to be very poor because chemotherapy including MTX is ineffective.

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本てんかん学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本脳神経血管内治療学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a well neurotrophic factor with neuroprotective potentials for various diseases in the central nervous system. However several previous studies demonstrated that BDNF might deteriorate symptoms for epilepsy model of animals by progression of abnormal neurogenesis. We hypothesized that continuous administration of BDNF at low dose might be more effective for epilepsy model of animals because high dose of BDNF was used in many studies. BDNF-secreting cells were genetically made and encapsulated for transplantation. Rats receiving BDNF capsule showed significant amelioration of seizure stage and reduction of the number of abnormal spikes at 7 days after kainic acid administration, compared to those of control group. The number of BrdU and BrdU/doublecortin positive cells in the hippocampus of BDNF group significantly increased, compared to that of control group. NeuN positive cells in the CA1 and CA3 of BDNF group were significantly preserved, compared to control group. In conclusion, low dose administration using encapsulated BDNF-secreting cells exerted neuroprotective effects with enhanced neurogenesis on epilepsy model of rats. These results might suggest the importance of the dose and administrative way of this neurotrophic factor to the epilepsy model of animals. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.054

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)医学書院  

＜文献概要＞Point ・頭部外傷を扱う脳神経外科では,頸椎・頸髄損傷を診察する機会も多い.・頸椎・頸髄損傷で生じ得る神経症状を知り,症状の程度のスケールを知る必要がある.・頸椎・頸髄損傷で気をつけるべき画像のポイントを知る必要がある.・頸椎・頸髄損傷での手術療法は,固定術を選択することが多い.

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2023&ichushi_jid=J01228&link_issn=&doc_id=20231129180012&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.1436204851&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.1436204851&type=%E5%8C%BB%E6%9B%B8.jp_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B9&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)三輪書店  

＜文献概要＞はじめに 脊椎脊髄手術は肉眼・ルーペ・内視鏡(micro endoscopic discectomy:MED・full-endoscopic spine surgery:FESS)・顕微鏡,そして外視鏡下に行うことができる.それぞれに利点と欠点があるが,本稿では外視鏡を用いた脊椎脊髄手術について,まず私たちが行っている方法を示す.そして,特にORBEYE(オリンパス社製)の特徴(メリットや課題),最近の外視鏡脊椎脊髄手術の報告,および今後の展望について考える.

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その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2023&ichushi_jid=J02317&link_issn=&doc_id=20230626030014&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.5002202069&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.5002202069&type=%E5%8C%BB%E6%9B%B8.jp_%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BB%E3%82%B9&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本老年脳神経外科学会  

過去2年間の80歳以上の超高齢者脊椎脊髄に対する外科治療症例18例(男性11例、女性7例、80〜89歳、中央値86歳)を対象に、患者背景、症状、治療、周術期の問題点、対策について検討を行った。初診時は全例が生活に重大な問題を生じており、8例は独歩不能であった。治療は頸椎病変11例全例に頸椎椎弓形成術、胸髄腫瘍1例に腫瘍摘出術、腰椎変性疾患は5例に片側進入両側開窓術、1例に後方腰椎椎体間固定術を行った。譫妄には抑肝散、食欲不振には六君子湯を用いた。術後、重篤な合併症なく17例で症状改善が得られた。

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本脳神経外傷学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本生物学的精神医学会・日本神経精神薬理学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本生物学的精神医学会・日本神経精神薬理学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本脳神経外傷学会事務局  

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DOI： 10.2531/spinalsurg.31.53

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：COGNIZANT COMMUNICATION CORP  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本小児科学会  

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究発表ペーパー・要旨（国際会議）   出版者・発行元：LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本定位・機能神経外科学会事務局  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本定位・機能神経外科学会事務局  

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その他リンク： http://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2014281138

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