担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：地域地理科学会  

本研究は、岡山県内の農業協同組合（JA）の女性部フレッシュミズ部会を事例に、農村女性のグループ活動を都市近郊地域と中山間地域で比較した。その結果、農村女性のグループは女性のライフステージのみならず地域性によっても異なることが明らかになった。都市近郊地域には狭い範囲でも20～50代の女性が一定数以上存在するため、メンバーを集めやすく、頻繁な活動が可能である。非農家が中心となることがあり、非組合員が含まれることもある。これに対して中山間地域では、数少ない女性が広範囲に住んでいるため、活動の範囲を広げざるを得ず、頻度を上げることも難しい。農家や組合員もメンバーに含まれる。また、乳幼児期から学童期（特に小学校低学年まで）の子どもを持つ女性にとって、フレッシュミズ部会はママ友作りの場であり、子連れでの参加が基本となる。この傾向は子どもが小さいほど顕著となる。一方、子どもが青年期を迎えた女性にとってフレッシュミズ部会は同世代の女性同士の交流の場であり、女性だけの参加が基本となる。以上をふまえると、都市近郊地域では従来の地縁の女性組織と似た特徴をもつ女性グループが存続しやすく、子どもの年齢が小さいことや年配の女性組織との深い付き合いをもつことなどの一定の条件を満たすことで、地域活性化の主体として地域に貢献していく可能性がある。一方、中山間地域では、メンバー数を確保するために広域化せざるを得ない状況になっている。これにより、従来の地域の範囲を超えた交流などの新たな魅力が生まれている反面、移動の負担が大きいことや活動回数を増やしづらいというデメリットも抱え、女性の社会進出も相まって、組織自体の存続が難しくなっている。

DOI： 10.24580/cck.26.2_23

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：地域地理科学会  

本研究では、グローバルな市場競争下におけるベトナム社会主義共和国（以下、ベトナム）のキャットフィッシュの加工・輸出企業の経営戦略を明らかにした。キャットフィッシュ産業が輸出を本格化させた2000年以降、加工・輸出企業はアメリカ合衆国（以下、米国）によるダンピング税の課税、養殖業者と加工企業間の需給の不均衡、食品安全に関する認証基準の強化という３つの課題に直面してきた。ベトナム南部カントー省内の加工・輸出企業16社への聞き取り調査によると、企業は自社養殖池の確保、認証の取得、輸出市場の転換と開拓、輸出に向けての企業間連携といった４つの方法で上記の３つの課題に対応していることが明らかとなった。また、これらの企業の対応を事業規模別に比較した結果、事業規模が大きい企業ほど安定的に原料を調達し、市場のニーズに応えた高価格な商品を安定的に輸出しているのに対し、事業規模の小さい企業は原料調達に不安要素を抱え、市場のニーズに応えることができず、不安定な条件での輸出を強いられており、企業の二極化が進んでいることも明らかとなった。一般的に、規模の小さい企業では商品の差別化による高付加価値化が市場戦略となりやすいが、キャットフィッシュ産業においては高価格で販売可能な輸出市場の参入障壁が高いためにこれを採用することができず、企業間の連携が強化されている。ベトナムのキャットフィッシュ加工・輸出企業は、上記の３つの課題への対応を通じてグローバル市場における諸問題への解決能力を高めてきており、今後も大きな成長が見込まれる。ただし、輸出市場の多角化やグローバルな認証基準への対応を通じて、加工・輸出企業の階層分化が一層進むことも予想される。

DOI： 10.24580/cck.26.2_1

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担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：経済地理学会 ; 1955-  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本地理学会  

<p>１．研究の背景と目的</p><p> 洪水防止や工業用水の安定的な供給等を目的としたダム建設を巡っては、水没地域のコミュニティ崩壊や環境破壊への懸念等からしばしば反対運動が生じてきた。水没地域への補償や対策は、大きく「損失補償基準」と「水源地域対策特別措置法（以下、「水特法」とする）」の2本立てになっている（浜本、2015）。まず損失補償基準によって、公共施設（学校や役場等）の機能回復と水没地権者への財産補償がなされる。そして、水特法によって水源地域への影響緩和や活性化のための、宅地造成や農地・公園等の整備が講じられる。とりわけ水特法によるダムや周辺施設を活かした水源地域活性化への取り組みには注目が集まっている（浜本、2009）。ただし、水特法の適応対象となるダムの水没規模は、水没住宅数が20戸、または水没農地面積が20ha以上の大規模ダムに限られる（国土交通省、2005）。</p><p></p><p>従来、水源地域活性化に関する研究（中崎、2003など）や水没移転者に関する研究（国光ら、1978など）は数あるが、建設前の経緯をも踏まえて、水特法に指定された地域社会への影響を分析した研究は未だ少ない。そこで本研究では岡山県で唯一、水特法に指定された苫田ダムを事例に、ダム建設に伴う補償交渉プロセスから現在の地域活性化までの中長期的な視点で地域への影響を分析し、水源地域対策への取り組みを俯瞰的に評価する。</p><p></p><p>２. 研究対象と方法</p><p> 研究対象は岡山県旧奥津町に建設され、半世紀にわたる反対運動の末、約500戸が移転を余儀なくされた、苫田ダムとその周辺地域である。主な研究方法は聞き取り調査（2019.10-2020.12）と文献調査及びアンケート調査（2020.9-2020.10）である。</p><p></p><p>３. 結果と考察</p><p> 1957年にダム建設が発表されてから、旧奥津町では国や岡山県を相手に1990年頃まで反対運動が展開されていた（表1）。1982年に県は奥津町の同意なしに苫田ダムを水特法に指定し、奥津温泉を軸にした観光振興を町再生のために計画した。その反面、奥津町の方針をダム賛成へと導くために、道路整備や圃場整備等の補助事業の凍結による行政圧迫を行った。その手法は、水特法の指定によって行われる水源地域整備計画の中に、奥津町が既に計画していた補助事業を取り込むというものであった。1985年に推進派地権者が損失補償基準に調印し移転が始まったが、奥津町は反対の姿勢を変えなかったため、移転者用の町内公営団地建設を講じることができなかった。そのため、水没地区の住民の約9割が奥津町から、なし崩し的に奥津町内ではなく、津山市等の都市部へと流出した。また、移転を機に農業を辞めるなど、生活が変化した住民もいた。</p><p>国と県による行政圧迫や人口流出が続く中、1990年に町政がダム建設容認へ大きく転換すると、県主導の水源地域対策が講じられ始めた。その事業内容は、凍結されていた国道のバイパス工事や、観光物産館や温泉センター等の建設によるインフラ整備である。国道のバイパス工事は利用者にとって、移動時間の短縮に大きく貢献した。しかし温泉センターのホテル併設計画は客足流出を恐れた老舗旅館の反対により頓挫し、温泉センター内のテナントは撤退が相次いだ。また、観光物産館内のダム展示室は所有者である国土交通省からの補助金削減により閉鎖した。そして、現在、町内の観光団体はダム湖等を利用した事業を新たに行うことは考えていない。水特法により整備された国道等の社会基盤整備は地域にとって、移動時間短縮等の重要な役目を果たしているものの、水源地域対策が地域の観光振興につながっていないことが明らかになった。</p><p></p><p>４. 結論</p><p> 従来、水特法は水源地域の影響緩和や活性化を目的としている。しかし、苫田ダムの場合、国・県が奥津町の同意なく苫田ダムを水特法に指定し、県の町内補助事業を水特法事業の対象とした行政圧迫を行った。その結果、町内からの人口流出等の影響を招いた。また、水特法による活性化施設は利活用が進んでいない。このように、水特法の運用方法を誤ると地域社会に中長期的な悪影響を与えると言えよう。</p>

DOI： 10.14866/ajg.2021a.0_72

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

Over the last two decades, land acquisition for urbanization has caused a huge loss of farmland on the fringes of Hanoi, Vietnam. Previous studies have often criticized this policy for pushing farmers out of farming and disrupting peri-urban endogenous development. This study provides a case report of a peri-urban commune in western Hanoi to show how this claim is misleading. We found that livelihood transitions in this commune took place early on, and this helped most local laborers prepare to move on from farming when urbanization sped up and land acquisition policies were implemented. As a result, they were able to adapt to farmland loss without experiencing major difficulties and to transform their livelihoods for the better. This early transition was popular in the peri-urban context of northern Vietnam, where the inherent lack of employment and income from farming as well as the favorable location induced local laborers to go beyond the villages in pursuit of new opportunities. They actively took advantage of the changes around them to find new means of livelihood in order to earn higher incomes. This study calls for improvements in the compensation scheme and urban planning processes to make urbanization and land acquisition policies work for people on the fringes of cities in northern Vietnam.

DOI： 10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104896

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

DOI： 10.4157/geogrevjapanb.93.1

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担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

Farmers in peri-urban areas across Vietnam are experiencing rapid transformations in their livelihood and land use practices. Peri-urbanization is progressing rapidly, along with the risk of conversion of large amounts of farmland into non-agricultural land. Additionally, an increasing number of laborers are moving away from both agriculture and rural areas. Understanding households’ strategies in landholding and livelihood under such circumstances is crucial to the development and planning of these fringe areas. This study investigates the landholding behaviors of farmers in a transitional commune on the fringe of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Our data demonstrated that farmers delayed land transfers to their successors, adopted more flexible crop choices, and diversified their livelihoods in order to deal with the lower access to land and the outflow of labor from farming. The combination of these strategies helped farmers in Thanh Loi significantly in maintaining their landholdings and benefiting from increasing land prices, while keeping adequate levels of income. These findings suggest that peri-urban farmers should be viewed as economic entities that actively interact with the ongoing transition on the fringe to improve their own wellbeing rather than as passive peasants that are negatively affected by the process.

DOI： 10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.01.038

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Recently, the Japanese government initiated an administrative process which has resulted in the merging of municipalities across the country. Since then, the quality of services provided to inhabitants by the local government has declined in depopulated areas. As a result, it has been suggested that there may be a role for self-organization in the revival of local governance. In many depopulated areas, the distance between local government and the local community has continued to grow, and this has led to the newly established local government transferring certain responsibilities to the local community. Consequently, the reorganization of the local community has become indispensable. Kawane Village is located in the mountainous area of Akitakata City, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Despite having a rapidly aging population, this village has been particularly successful in revitalizing local governance through reorganization of the local community. This research examines a variety of the community activities involved, and the unique management methods behind them, in an attempt to ascertain the factors which have resulted in successful self-governance in this village. Since its establishment in 1972, the Kawane Promotion Association has experienced three crucial turning points. Initially, the Kawane Promotion Association, which had previously consisted of only a few households, encouraged every household in the village to become involved in the organization of cultural activities. Since the 1980s, the Kawane Promotion Association has begun to act as a representative for the local community, for example, in dealing with local problems and in communicating with the local government. Finally, since the 1990s, the Kawane Promotion Association has begun to manage private land resources and offer welfare services to individuals. The Kawane Promotion Association has instigated the development of eight related departments that are responsible for specific tasks or activities. This research shows that the success of the Kawane Promotion Association lies in its unique style of management, whereby there is no central authority ; instead, decision-making powers are transferred among units as required, ensuring full participation by local residents.

DOI： 10.4200/jjhg.62.1_36

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：The Association of Japanese Geographers  

This research attempts to clarify the characteristics of the "poor" households in Phu An Commune, located on the shore of Tam Giang Lagoon, Central Vietnam. To understand the socioeconomic background of poverty in the area, the authors examine the changes in agriculture as well as shrimp aquaculture since the adoption of "Doi Moi", an open-door policy, in 1986. Then, the constraints which make it difficult for them to escape from poverty are discussed. The results of this study show that agricultural and aquacultural changes have diversified the locals' livehoods. The positive changes are reflected in the decline of the number of "poor" households as well as in their evaluation of their lives compared with 20 years ago. Nevertheless, there are still many constraints which cause the "poor" households to remain poor in spite of the remarkable economic growth during the last 20 years. Insight into the detailed situation of poverty in the area is given through the categorization of the residents by their livelihood: mobile gear fishing (usually called "Sampan people"), fixed gear fishing, farming, farming and fishing, and service. In the process of the "Doi Moi" policy and following the introduction of shrimp aquaculture around 1999, the water surface of Tam Giang Lagoon, which used to be an open-access common resource, was allocated to individuals for their exclusive use and exploited mainly for shrimp aquaculture. Due to these drastic changes in local resource, the "Sampan people", who have been engaged in only fishery in Tam Giang Lagoon, have changed their position in the commune from the greatest beneficiaries to those of sacrifices. Now the poorest in this area are those who engage in mobile gear fishing, the "Sampan people".

DOI： 10.4157/geogrevjapanb.81.79

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掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

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掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

DOI： 10.4157/grj.78.317

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総ページ数：viii, 255p   記述言語：日本語

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掲載種別：書評論文，書評，文献紹介等  

The human geography of Vietnam's upland area has been transformed significantly during the last 40 years due to the increasing control from the central government. We argue that State territorialisation, understood as a strategy of State-making and assertion of the State's authority, has the tendency to marginalise, socially and politically, local ethnic minority peoples by excluding them from indigenous social and economic geography and the use of natural resources. At the receiving end of these official policies, the local ethnic minority people do not passively accept their marginalisation but are able to initiate the use of traditional cross-border cultural resources to improve their condition. By analysing the tolerance from local official towards illicit cross-border activities daily carried out by local people, the case study provides some insights on the dynamics of power struggle between the State and local people. We concluded that local ethnic minority peoples actively re-negotiate with more powerful State and economic actors and re-shape local border politics while the State is not always uncompromising and monolithic as it is usually portrayed.

DOI： 10.4000/belgeo.19409

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本農業経営学会  

DOI： 10.11300/fmsj.54.3_109

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：地域地理科学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：東京地学協会  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：立命館大学国際言語文化研究所  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：山川出版社  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：福島大学  

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記述言語：英語  

The effect of employment growth on internal migration depends on corresponding adjustments of the local housing market. If employment growth in a geographical area is accompanied by a sharp increase in housing prices, the net outcome may be net out-migration rather than migration gain. In the present paper, this concept is tested using statistical data available for 47 prefectures in Japan. The analysis covers the two five-year periods of 1983-87 and 1988-92, and confirms that the use of a combined representation of employment and housing variables makes it possible to improve considerably the performance of an empirical migration model. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp
Sons, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/ijpg.218

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：愛知教育大学地理学会  

金沢大学人間社会研究域人間科学系

DOI： 10.24517/00001062

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その他リンク： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/5874996

記述言語：日本語  

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This study analyzes the regional process of dependency and changes of endogenous self-organizations in a depopulated remote area of Japan, via the case of Namiai village, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. Namiai village lost almost half of its population during the period 1952 to 1995. As a result, the population of the village was reduced to 778 persons in 1995, with the aged ratio (over 65 years old) being almost 30%. Since the 1960s, in an attempt to counteract depopulation, Namiai village has implemented a pioneering and grass-roots resort development. As a result of grass-roots efforts, tourists in this village have increased from 80 thousand persons in 1967 to currently 300 thousand persons. This rise in tourism is related to an increase in employment and income. At its peak, more than 100 persons were employed by the resort-related facilities, where the total population was less than 800 persons. Rapid depopulation was thus curtailed. As the tourist industry grew, however, it fell under the control of the logic of capital. This in turn prevented the voluntary involvement of residents. From the 1970s, the Central Government of Japan started to implement financial transfers to local governments on a large scale. As a result, with subsidies from the Central government the village government was able to continue investing in the resort development. In other words, the village government didn't need to negotiate with the residents on their policies. But at times these policies opposed the wishes of the residents who needed more investment in education, helth and other public services for themselves rather than for tourists. And the village government no longer needed to organize people for the community mobilization. As a result the foundation of the village government changed from the community to the Central government. In the meantime, with the increase in public investment, only the construction sector could continue growing rapidly. Finally, the owners of construction companies appeared as a new political elite, with the result that unnecessary public construction by subsidy increased. In short, the resort development of Namiai village deteriorated to a situation of dependency. This was due to an over-emphasis on economic aspects such as employment while ignoring social aspects such as organizing the development actors. The institutional intervention resulted in two conflicting phenomena - the strengthening of the financial autonomy of municipal governments and the weakening of self-reliance capabilities. As a result, most of the traditionally endogenous organizations of a community have been disorganized or reorganized under the leadership of the municipal government. The endogenous self-organizations thus changed roles to pseudo-organizations of the local government.

DOI： 10.4200/jjhg1948.52.28

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Association of Japanese Geographers  

Comparing the remarkable economic growth of Japan and South Korea (hereafter, Korea), many scholars have adopted the modernization theory and/or the stages theory of development. They argue that development is about the modernization of traditional societies. Moreover, it is also widely accepted that developing countries could and should learn from the pioneer countries that have already developed. However, they fail to explain the opposite side of the remarkable economic growth in both countries
namely rapid depopulation and wide collapse of rural communities. This study is an attempt to build an alternative theoretical framework for sustainable development of rural communities in East Asia, focusing on Japan and Korea. The endogenous self-organization that functions as a substantial social unit for rural development is emphasized. To accomplish this purpose, a case from each country is introduced and interpreted in an alternative way. The cases demonstrate that endogenous self-organizations function as a coordinator in policy implementation. While the two countries differ from each other in their method of local government intervention, the comparison of the two cases shows that rural development initiated by a local government cannot be sustainable without enhancing endogenous self-organizations. Ironically, it could be argued that no intervention strengthens the self-organizing capabilities of a rural community.

DOI： 10.4157/grj1984b.72.100

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：The Tohoku Geographical Association  

本研究は, 戦後の大規模開田地域にあたり, 水稲を地域農業の中心としてきた岩手県東和町を事例とし, 米生産調整の推移を地域農業との関連から考察することを目的としている。<br>東和町における生産調整は, 戦後開田地域, 伝統的水田地域ともに, 牧草転作を主な対応として推移してきたが, 1990年代は牧草転作以外の対応を迫られている。農家個別的な農業経営が展開している開田地域では調整水田の増加が特徴的であるが, 飯米確保的傾向を強めている下層農家では粗放的な対応が増加している。<br>一方, 戦前からの水田地域では, 第二次農業構造改善事業によって設立された水稲生産組合の特性ごとに, 生産調整対応の推移に差異がみられる。組合機能が縮小し, 下層農家の脱農化が進行している館では粗放的な対応が増加しているのに対し, 組合が個別零細経営を温存させている中田では, 牧草に依存するものの極端に粗放的な対応がみられない。生産調整に対して集団的な対応をとる沖では, 組合農家の農地を有効に利用し, 高収益の見込める作物を導入することで, 牧草に依存しない生産調整対応が可能となっている。

DOI： 10.5190/tga.51.273

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00119867426?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：The Tohoku Geographical Association  

本研究は, 戦後の大規模開田地域にあたり, 水稲を地域農業の中心としてきた岩手県東和町を事例とし, 米生産調整の推移を地域農業との関連から考察することを目的としている。<br>東和町における生産調整は, 戦後開田地域, 伝統的水田地域ともに, 牧草転作を主な対応として推移してきたが, 1990年代は牧草転作以外の対応を迫られている。農家個別的な農業経営が展開している開田地域では調整水田の増加が特徴的であるが, 飯米確保的傾向を強めている下層農家では粗放的な対応が増加している。<br>一方, 戦前からの水田地域では, 第二次農業構造改善事業によって設立された水稲生産組合の特性ごとに, 生産調整対応の推移に差異がみられる。組合機能が縮小し, 下層農家の脱農化が進行している館では粗放的な対応が増加しているのに対し, 組合が個別零細経営を温存させている中田では, 牧草に依存するものの極端に粗放的な対応がみられない。生産調整に対して集団的な対応をとる沖では, 組合農家の農地を有効に利用し, 高収益の見込める作物を導入することで, 牧草に依存しない生産調整対応が可能となっている。

DOI： 10.5190/tga.51.273

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その他リンク： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00119867426?from=CiNii

記述言語：日本語  

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This study explored the changes in agricultural land use in the Sendai metropolitan area since the 1970s using the Geographical Information System. The study area, being a regional center for the Tohoku region, has experienced rapid urban expansion since the 1970s. It was found that notwithstanding the transfer of 18% of arable land to urban use, there has been a slight increase in arable land due mainly to the reclamation of forests into pasture. Urban development in the study area occurred mainly on forest-covered hills, and it was arable land unsuited for agriculture that had been released for urban developments. The development of arable land suitable for agriculture has been slower than expected, considering the rapidity of urban expansion during the study period. An extrapolation of the changes in arable land use since the 1970s suggests that paddy fields and dry fields close to existing urbanized areas are likely to be urbanized by 2020 ; whilst arable land unsuitable for either agricultural or urban use, and arable land newly developed since the 1970s are likely to be abandoned.

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The main issue in the rural geography of Korea has been the regional impacts of rapid rural-urban migration. In the process of industrialization since the 1960s, rural areas lost more than half of their population during the period 1970-90. Depopulation rates were about 25% in the 1970s and 35% in the 1980s. As a result, almost all of rural Korea, excluding areas near metropolitan areas, have been undergoing depopulation at rates in excess of 3% per year. In this paper, the current research on rural depopulation of Korea has been reviewed with three sub-themes, that is, its cause, the pattern of rural-urban migration, and regional impacts. The rural areas in Korea were transformed to scarce population areas as a result of the rapid rural-urban migration since the 1960s. The main cause of rural-urban migration has been the urban-oriented national policy, the so-called growth centre strategy. The national planners selected a few metropolitan areas as growth centres and fostered a regional disparity. This led to the migration of, particularly, highly educated rural youths to urban areas seeking non-agricultural occupations and increased incomes. In addition, remote mountainous areas in which most of the underground resources are found, have been experiencing more severe depopulation since the 1970s, due to the new energy policy, namely, the transfer from a coal-oriented to a petroleum-oriented policy and the restrictions placed on utilization of forest areas. In this process, the most severe depopulated areas in Korea shifted from plain agricultural areas near metropolitan areas (1960s) to remote mountainous areas (1970s and the first half of the 1980s) and agriculture areas remote from metropolitan areas (after the latter half of the 1980s). With this background, the pattern of rural-urban migration in Korea can be characterized as follows from the current research. © 1995, The Human Geographical Society of Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.4200/jjhg1948.47.21

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