Grant amount：\2950000 （ Direct expense: \2800000 、 Indirect expense：\150000 ）

This study aims to elucidate the attributes of an association between the subsistence (farming) and society from the Yayoi period to Medieval period on the Okayama Plains, having geographical unity.
Reconstructing the landscape, we applied geo-historic materials as well as archaeological resources and plant remains, to the method. The landscape in each period has been reconstructed with considering the transition of the pattern of land use, in particular land for settlements and farming, and with considering the geographical features in which the settlements and paddies were located. Seeking the characteristics of the landscape in each period has been intended by the reconstruction.
In the early stage of the Yayoi period small settlements lay on a few habitable areas available. From the middle to the late stage, the number of settlement rose that alluvial plains were formed. It is identified that the improvement of agricultural technology and the expansion of arable areas enabled to yield higher productivity and to maintain the population growth during the Yayoi period. Differences in settlement pattern between two areas on the plains can be identified by the reconstructed landscape. The environmental constrains might have caused the differences in the pattern. The differences in the settlement pattern are recognized to influence the social structure, which is significant to study the background of raising regional distinctions from the late stage of the Yayoi to the Kofun period.
We explored from archaeological resources and geo-historic materials that the landscape from the Heian period to Medieval times were formed by Zyori-sei, land rezoning system, which led to the landscape in the modern age. The landscape in this period indicates that the land use pattern was ruled by the social management system whereas the land use in the Yayoi period was influenced by topology.

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Grant amount：\1200000 （ Direct expense: \1200000 ）

1.東周墓葬のデータベース作成は1949年〜2003年度報告分について文献目録の作成を終え、各墓葬の内容についても、規模・副葬品等の要素の抽出を終了した。
2.東周墓のうち、データがまとまっている地域として楚地域および、晋国地域を核として、楚・呉地域と、三晋地域の大きく二つの地域に分けて、時期毎に墓葬の変遷をまとめた。
まず楚・呉地域に関しては東周代においては周縁にあたる地域であるものの、楚国は一時期、かなりの範囲まで版図を拡大しており、周辺の中小国を吸収しつつ、強大化していった状況を、墓の分布や構造的な変化の点からも読み取ることができた。また楚・呉の滅亡と、その後の地域間関係において、青銅器の動きに特徴的な点が看取された。時代としては次に秦が台頭していく過程にあたるが、墓の分布・変遷の点からも、秦の影響の有無の点からやはり秦の大国化の過程を見いだすことができた。
三晋地域においては晋国領域内を中心に墓葬構造の分析を進めたが、三晋地域も含めてみても、構造的には南方の楚・呉ほどの特徴を見いだすことは難しかった。そのため、墓の分布と副葬品の内容に関して、編年大系も含めて、より詳しく検討する必要が出てきた。三晋地域における東周墓の分析については、資料の蓄積を進めることができ、当初の目的であるデータベースの作成はできた。しかし特に青銅器の詳細な分析については、これまでの学史を整理して、いくつかの墓群ごとのまとまりでの編年作業を行うにとどまっている。この点については、今後も資料の充実を図るとともに、対象地域をひろげていく検討していくこととしたい。

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Grant amount：\3500000 （ Direct expense: \3500000 ）

This report aims to compare the landscape from the Jomon period to the Yayoi period in Okayama plains, and to offer a material collection that includes the sample of excavated seeds and the description about wooden agricultural tools and stone tools related to the agriculture in Okayama prefecture, the San' in and the Shikoku region.
As a result of the comparison research, we confirm the large difference between the late Jomon period and the early Yayoi period from the viewpoint of the past geographical features that we restored and the distribution of archaeological features. We recognize that the settlement area changed and features which relate to occupation changed from storage pits to wet paddies. We consider that means changes related to the social structure.
In addition, in the Yayoi period, we recognize important changes at the beginning of the middle period and at the beginning of the late period. It is important that irrigation canals are widely detected on the boundary of the middle Yayoi period. We evaluate the rapid expansion of cultivation area and cultivation soil that changed qualitatively at the early Yayoi period as the epoch making of agricultural forms. We recognize the progress of the development of the natural environment and the rapid progress in agricultural forms as the Slough to societies of the Yayoi period.
The results of the plant opal and pollen analysis prove expansions of cultivation area and sites. The plant opal analysis clarifies the extremely low productivity in the early Yayoi period. This proves the way of farming changed afterwards. The pollen analysis clarifies changes of vegetation in the middle Yayoi period.
This report presents the detailed material corpus and a case study concerning occupation changes from the Jomon period to the Yayoi period.

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Grant amount：\3200000 （ Direct expense: \3200000 ）

1.The environmental restoration at the Late stage of Jomon period : We did geographical features and the environmental restoration in the Jomon period from the analysis of the material of the Tsushima-okadai sites which had been made a model region. As a result, the residence region is confirmed within the limited range in the hill skirt. Many of extending offing. product parts restored to the surrounding geographical features of ups and downs which united complicating beginning abundant the high land and the low swanpy land on the river etc. Various vegetation was restored from the analysis of the plant remains for natural environment. When the distribution of features is overlapped and the environment is restored, it becomes the following. The settlement is formed by cutting the forest and the field around the hill skirt. The storage pits are made everywhere in low swanpy land. The high land near them is used as work spaces to heat food.
2.The characteristic of the occupation : Various use in the plant food was confirmed from the collection and the analysis of the seed. In the collection and analysis of the stone implement, the tendency with different compositions was admitted every sites and phones, and it was clarified that the stone implement with much possibility of the fanning tool occupied a rate fixed in each sites at the Late stage. From the above-mentioned result, the occupation form in the Jomon period with the form which suited the environment in each settlement was understood and the existence of the various plant food was restored. Moreover, there is possibility of the agriculture being a part of the occupation in a part of region from the last of Middle stage to Late stage of the Jomon period. It's necessary to continue the examination for the stage before.

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