Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Terahertz Chemical Microscope (TCM) has been developed to measure the electric potential distribution of batteries during charging and discharging. The battery is mounted on a sensing plate with SiO2 and Si films on a sapphire substrate and irradiate with a femtosecond laser to generate THz pulses. THz amplitude is proportional to the electric potential on the sensing plate, so the electric potential distribution of the battery on the sensing plate can be measured. In this study, a method was developed to measure the cathode surface of an all-solid-state lithium ion battery by the TCM and visualized the electric potential distribution of the battery. This result shows that the TCM could be a useful tool for measuring of all-solid-state batteries.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299081

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Since the first person infected with COVID-19 was diagnosed in December 2019, the infection has spread rapidly all over the world. PCR and antigen testing are commonly used to detect infection, but detection sensitivity and sample size can be improved. In our group, a terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) has been developed. In this study, we successfully detected the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins (N protein) in solutions by immobilizing the aptamer and N protein on a sensing plate using avidin-biotin reaction.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10298956

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

In this study, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of two advanced techniques, terahertz chemical microscopy (TCM) and ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFET), for calcium ion detection. The results revealed the advantages and limitations of TCM and flexible ISFET, offering valuable insights into their applications and improvements.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz57677.2023.10299237

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/s23010380

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Chemical Society (ACS)  

DOI： 10.1021/acsanm.2c04399

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/molecules27196479

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.3390/mi13081352

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：{MDPI} {AG}  

DOI： 10.3390/molecules27123917

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ({IEEE})  

DOI： 10.1109/tmag.2022.3151656

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：{MDPI} {AG}  

DOI： 10.3390/photonics9010026

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Terahertz biosensing has gained enormous attention in medical diagnosis. In this study, we demonstrated that our developed terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) could be used for sensing of small molecules such as calcium ion, stress biomarker cortisol with extremely consumption of sample solutions and high sensitivity. Calcium ion sensitive membrane and DNA aptamer were utilized for calcium ions and cortisol sensing, respectively. The approach is unique and shows great promising for creating better future healthcare.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9895468

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

A terahertz (THz) chemical microscope has been developed to measure the electric potential distribution of liquid phase lithium ion batteries (LIBs) during charging and discharging. A LIB was fabricated on a sensing plate, which consists of SiO2 and Si films on a sapphire substrate, to generate THz pulses by a laser irradiation. Since the amplitude of THz is proportional to the electric potential on the sensing plate, the electric potential distribution of the lithium ion battery on the sensing plate could be visualized. In this study, the electric potential distribution across a conventional all-solid-state LIB was measured by immobilizing the LIB on the sensing plate using epoxy resin. The distribution of the electric potentials of the battery was clearly visualized by the TCM. This result indicates that the TCM could be one of useful tools for the development high performance batteries.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50927.2022.9896121

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

DOI： 10.1002/eej.23355

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Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/eej.23355

Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Electrochemical Society  

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>
<jats:p>This study focuses on the visualization of a charge-transfer complex, namely a Meisenheimer complex, for the detection of uncharged 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosives by developing a terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) imaging system. The organic amine 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) was immobilized on an SiO2-film-coated TCM sensing plate, where it interacted with TNT molecules. The surface electrical potential distribution of TNT, APTES, and the charge-transfer complex was mapped. An electrical potential shift occurred due to the formation of a charge-transfer complex between the electron-rich amino-silane APTES and electron-deficient TNT molecules on the surface of the sensing plate. The electrical imaging and detection of TNT explosives by using the TCM imaging system were demonstrated by measuring the amplitude of the terahertz pulse caused by this electrical potential shift. N-(2-Aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and N1-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine were used for further evaluation and comparison of color changes arising from the amine-TNT interactions. The results have shown that TCM imaging is a promising method for the detection of uncharged TNT explosives at a low (sub-parts-per-million) concentration.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.1149/1945-7111/ac3a2c

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：{MDPI} {AG}  

<jats:p>Cancer genome analysis has recently attracted attention for personalized cancer treatment. In this treatment, evaluation of the ratio of cancer cells in a specimen tissue is essential for the precise analysis of the genome. Conventionally, the evaluation takes at least two days and depends on the skill of the pathologist. In our group, a terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) was developed to easily and quickly measure the number of cancer cells in a solution. In this study, an antibody was immobilized on a sensing plate using an avidin-biotin reaction to immobilize it for high density and to improve antibody alignment. In addition, as the detected terahertz signals vary depending on the sensitivity of the sensing plate, the sensitivity was evaluated using pH measurement. The result of the cancer cell detection was corrected using the result of pH measurement. These results indicate that a TCM is expected to be an excellent candidate for liquid biopsies in cancer diagnosis.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.3390/s21227631

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier {BV}  

DOI： 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113705

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IOP PUBLISHING LTD  

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based mold prepared using a 3D-printed structure is a cost-effective material and tool to fabricate robust microfluidic chips (MCs) without requiring expensive clean room facilities. A capillary-based MC made of PDMS can be attached onto a glass substrate to visualize the chemical reactions in different types of pH buffer solutions (BSs) flowing through microflow channels (MFCs) using terahertz (THz) image sensing technology. In this study, we designed a microfluidic structure with two inlet wells and an outlet well, equipped with a Si:sapphire substrate to visualize the chemical interaction between BSs injected at different pH values (4 and 10) through an MFC. THz imaging maps were captured during the flow of the BSs using a THz chemical microscope, and the fluid dynamics was studied. We determined and plotted the variation in the THz amplitude data with respect to the BS concentration and analyzed the characteristics of the data.

DOI： 10.35848/1347-4065/abd86e

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.2116/analsci.20N028

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AIP Publishing  

The internal fluidic parameters of microfluidic channels must be analyzed to solve fundamental microfluidic problems, including microscale transport problems involving thermal analysis, chemical reactivity, velocity, pressure drop, etc., for developing good-quality chemical and biological products. Therefore, the characterization and optimization of the interaction of chemical and biological solutions through microfluidic channels are vital for fluid flow design and engineering for quality assurance in microfluidic platforms. As the internal structures and kinetics of microfluidic channels are becoming increasingly complex, experiments involving optimal fluidic and transport designs are challenging to perform with high accuracy. However, highly integrated simulation tools can guide researchers without specialized computational fluid backgrounds to design numerical prototypes of highly integrated devices. In this study, a microfluidic chip with two inlet wells and one outlet well was fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane following which simulations were performed using an ANSYS Fluent tool influenced by computational fluid dynamics at a nearly identical scale. The pressure drop and velocity profiles of the interaction of two pH buffer solutions (pH 4 and 10) through the designed microfluidic chip were qualitatively estimated from experimental data analysis and validated with the simulation results obtained from the CFD-influenced ANSYS Fluent tool. (c) 2021 Author(s).

DOI： 10.1063/5.0056597

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

A terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) was proposed and developed to measure small ion concentrations in solution. By creating multiple wells on the sensing plate, it was possible to measure the ion concentration of 35 μl of whole sheep blood.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50926.2021.9566818

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

In recent years, all-solid-state batteries have been attracting attention as secondary batteries to replace Li ion batteries. To improve the performance of all-solid-state batteries, measurement methods are required to evaluate electrode-solid electrolyte interfaces and electrochemical reactions between electrodes. In this study, we investigated a measurement method for the cross-section of all-solid-state batteries using terahertz chemical microscopy (TCM). We fabricated a model of all-solid-state battery and showed the possibility of using TCM to measure the cross-section of the all-solid-state battery by measuring the cross-section of a model of all-solid-state battery.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50926.2021.9567015

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

Recently, analyzing cancer genome is attracted to personalize cancer treatment. The ratio of cancer cells in a specimen is essential for precise analysis of the genome. In our group, a terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) has been proposed and developed to measure the number of cancer cells in solution. In this study, a biotin-tagged AE1/AE3 was immobilized on a sensing plate using avidin-biotin reaction, and we succeed in detecting lung cancer cells in solutions.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50926.2021.9566935

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Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

It is important to evaluate the penetration depth and speed of cosmetics into the skin for the cosmetic industry. However, the conventional method for measuring those parameters has some drawbacks. In this study, a terahertz time-of-flight method with Si-based emitter was applied for evaluation. The penetration of the liquid into a pig skin was measured as a travelling time of the THz pulses irradiating on a pigskin, where the glycerin concentration in the liquid was varied.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50926.2021.9567484

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)  

In this study, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor based on 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) recognition peptide functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for TNT explosive detection was developed. The SWCNTs were immobilized on the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) cysteamine modified QCM gold-chip surface. Through π-stacking interaction, the specific TNT recognition peptide (named TNTHCDR3) was anchored on the SWCNTs surface. The results revealed that the peptide-SWCNTs hybrid modified QCM sensor offered highly selective detection of TNT explosive.

DOI： 10.1109/SENSORS47125.2020.9278670

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：MYU, SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING DIVISION  

A 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) molecule recognition peptide-modified potentiometric device was developed in a multiparallel way using microelectrodes. The change in potential caused by the explosive target and recognition peptide was monitored in real-time sensorgrams through our laboratory-built analysis system. The peptide-modified microelectrode-based potentiometric device demonstrated the highly selective and sensitive sensing of the TNT molecule over other aromatic analogues.

DOI： 10.18494/sam.2019.2385

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this study, we developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip based on 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) recognition peptide-modified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The carboxylic acid-functionalized SWCNTs were immobilized on a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-modified SPR Au chip surface. Through π-stacking between the aromatic amino acids and SWCNTs, the TNT recognition peptide TNTHCDR3 was immobilized onto the surface of the SWCNTs. The peptide⁻SWCNTs-modified sensor surface was confirmed and evaluated by atomic force microscope (AFM) observation. The peptide⁻SWCNTs hybrid SPR sensor chip exhibited enhanced sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 772 ppb and highly selective detection compared with commercialized carboxymethylated dextran matrix sensor chips.

DOI： 10.3390/s18124461

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA  

In this study, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) binding peptide was synthesized and screened for TNT specific detection using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. The TNT binding peptide was rational design and synthesized through amino acid sequence from complementarity determining region (CDR) in the anti-TNT monoclonal antibody, which was produced from hybridoma cell using TNP-KLH conjugate as antigen. Three TNT binding peptide sequences were obtained from the heavy chain of CDR1 named TNTHCDRI, TNTHCDR2 from CDR2 and TNTHCDR3 from CDR3 of anti-TNT antibody. Screening process of three candidate peptides were carried out by using the SPR sensor with direct determination, which the peptide was directly immobilized on the sensor chip CM7 surface through amine coupling reaction. The results demonstrated that peptide TNTHCDR3 was determined as TNT binding peptide and no nonspecific binding was observed. The selectivity of TNT binding peptide TNTHCDR3 was also testified by six kinds of TNT analogues. The results indicated the specific binding between TNT and peptide TNTHCDR3. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2018.02.075

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ab.2018.04.011

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

In this study, a rationally-designed 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) binding peptide derived from an amino acid sequence of the complementarity-determining region (CDR) of an anti-TNT monoclonal antibody was used for TNT detection based on a maleimide-functionalized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor. By antigen-docking simulation and screening, the TNT binding candidate peptides were obtained as TNTHCDR1 derived from the heavy chain of CDR1, TNTHCDR2 derived from CDR2, and TNTHCDR3 from CDR3 of an anti-TNT antibody. The binding events between candidate peptides and TNT were evaluated using the SPR sensor by direct determination based on the 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) surface. The TNT binding peptide was directly immobilized on the maleimide-functionalized sensor chip surface from N-γ-maleimidobutyryl-oxysuccinimide ester (GMBS). The results demonstrated that peptide TNTHCDR3 was identified and selected as a TNT binding peptide among the other two candidate peptides. Five kinds of TNT analogues were also investigated to testify the selectivity of TNT binding peptide TNTHCDR3. Furthermore, the results indicated that the APTES-GMBS-based SPR sensor chip procedure featured a great potential application for the direct detection of TNT.

DOI： 10.3390/s17102249

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) are sites on the variable chains of antibodies responsible for binding to specific antigens. In this study, a short peptide probe for recognition of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), was identified by testing sequences derived from the CDRs of an anti-TNT monoclonal antibody. The major TNT-binding site in this antibody was identified in the heavy chain CDR3 by antigen docking simulation and confirmed by an immunoassay using a spot-synthesis based peptide array comprising amino acid sequences of six CDRs in the variable region. A peptide derived from heavy chain CDR3 (RGYSSFIYWF) bound to TNT with a dissociation constant of 1.3 μM measured by surface plasmon resonance. Substitution of selected amino acids with basic residues increased TNT binding while substitution with acidic amino acids decreased affinity, an isoleucine to arginine change showed the greatest improvement of 1.8-fold. The ability to create simple peptide binders of volatile organic compounds from sequence information provided by the immune system in the creation of an immune response will be beneficial for sensor developments in the future.

DOI： 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00035

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry  

A microdevice for coulometric detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) was fabricated based on the measurement of the inhibition of an enzyme, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), by OPs. Thiocholine (TCh) produced in the enzymatic reaction of AChE with acetylthiocholine (ATCh) as a substrate was oxidized on a microelectrode array formed in a main flow channel. Volumes of plugs of necessary solutions were measured using a structure consisting of a row of rhombuses formed in an auxiliary flow channel. The plugs were merged and solution components were mixed at a T-junction formed with the main and auxiliary flow channels. A linear relationship was confirmed between the generated charge and the logarithm of the OP (malathion) concentration in a concentration range between 10⁻⁶ and 10⁻³ M with a correlation coefficient of 0.951. The lower limit of detection was 412 nM.

DOI： 10.2116/analsci.31.591

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CiNii Article

CiNii Books

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Authorship：Lead author   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2015.05.115

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DOI： 10.1016/j.snb.2014.06.115

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Publishing type：Internal/External technical report, pre-print, etc.  

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Publisher：IEEE  

A terahertz (THz) chemical microscope has been developed to measure the electric potential distribution of liquid phase lithium ion batteries (LIBs) during charging and discharging. A LIB was fabricated on a sensing plate, which consists of SiO2 and Si films on a sapphire substrate, to generate THz pulses by a laser irradiation. Since the amplitude of THz is proportional to the electric potential on the sensing plate, the electric potential distribution of the lithium ion battery on the sensing plate could be visualized. In this study, the electric potential distribution across a conventional all-solid-state LIB was measured by immobilizing the LIB on the sensing plate using epoxy resin. The distribution of the electric potentials of the battery was clearly visualized by the TCM. This result indicates that the TCM could be one of useful tools for the development high performance batteries.

DOI： 10.1109/irmmw-thz50927.2022.9896121

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publisher：IEEE  

Terahertz biosensing has gained enormous attention in medical diagnosis. In this study, we demonstrated that our developed terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) could be used for sensing of small molecules such as calcium ion, stress biomarker cortisol with extremely consumption of sample solutions and high sensitivity. Calcium ion sensitive membrane and DNA aptamer were utilized for calcium ions and cortisol sensing, respectively. The approach is unique and shows great promising for creating better future healthcare.

DOI： 10.1109/irmmw-thz50927.2022.9895468

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Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (international conference proceedings)  

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Language：English   Publisher：IEEE  

In recent years, all-solid-state batteries have been attracting attention as secondary batteries to replace Li ion batteries. To improve the performance of all-solid-state batteries, measurement methods are required to evaluate electrode-solid electrolyte interfaces and electrochemical reactions between electrodes. In this study, we investigated a measurement method for the cross-section of all-solid-state batteries using terahertz chemical microscopy (TCM). We fabricated a model of all-solid-state battery and showed the possibility of using TCM to measure the cross-section of the all-solid-state battery by measuring the cross-section of a model of all-solid-state battery.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50926.2021.9567015

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It is important to evaluate the penetration depth and speed of cosmetics into the skin for the cosmetic industry. However, the conventional method for measuring those parameters has some drawbacks. In this study, a terahertz time-of-flight method with Si-based emitter was applied for evaluation. The penetration of the liquid into a pig skin was measured as a travelling time of the THz pulses irradiating on a pigskin, where the glycerin concentration in the liquid was varied.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50926.2021.9567484

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We have developed the TCM to evaluate the ration of cancer cells to normal cells for realizing the cancer genome therapy. The THz amplitude radiated from the sensing plate increased by increasing the cell population of lung cell carcinoma.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50926.2021.9566935

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A terahertz chemical microscope (TCM) was proposed and developed to measure small ion concentrations in solution. By creating multiple wells on the sensing plate, it was possible to measure the ion concentration of 35 μl of whole sheep blood.

DOI： 10.1109/IRMMW-THz50926.2021.9566818

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Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Publishing type：Article, review, commentary, editorial, etc. (international conference proceedings)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author  

In this study, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor based on 2, 4, 6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) recognition peptide functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for TNT explosive detection was developed. The SWCNTs were immobilized on the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) cysteamine modified QCM gold-chip surface. Through π-stacking interaction, the specific TNT recognition peptide (named TNTHCDR3) was anchored on the SWCNTs surface. The results revealed that the peptide-SWCNTs hybrid modified QCM sensor offered highly selective detection of TNT explosive.

DOI： 10.1109/SENSORS47125.2020.9278670

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