Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

According to the 'Adhesion-Decalcification' concept, specific functional monomers within dental adhesives can ionically interact with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Such ionic bonding has been demonstrated for 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) to manifest in the form of self-assembled 'nano-layering'. However, it remained to be explored if such nano-layering also occurs on tooth tissue when commercial MDP-containing adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray; Scotchbond Universal, 3M ESPE) were applied following common clinical application protocols. We therefore characterized adhesive-dentin interfaces chemically, using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and ultrastructurally, using (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (TEM/STEM). Both adhesives revealed nano-layering at the adhesive interface, not only within the hybrid layer but also, particularly for Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray), extending into the adhesive layer. Since such self-assembled nano-layering of two 10-MDP molecules, joined by stable MDP-Ca salt formation, must make the adhesive interface more resistant to biodegradation, it may well explain the documented favorable clinical longevity of bonds produced by 10-MDP-based adhesives. © 2012 International & American Associations for Dental Research.

DOI： 10.1177/0022034512437375

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCI LTD  

Following the "adhesion-decalcification" concept, specific functional monomers possess the capacity to primary chemically interact with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Such ionic bonding with synthetic HAp has been demonstrated for 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (10-MDP), manifest as self-assembled "nanolayering". In continuation of that basic research this study aimed to explore whether nanolayering also occurs on enamel and dentin when a 10-MDP primer is applied following a common clinical application protocol. Therefore, the interaction of an experimental 10-MDP primer and a control, commercially available, 10-MDP-based primer (Clearfil SE Bond primer (C-SE), Kuraray) with enamel and dentin was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), complemented with transmission electron microscopy interfacial ultrastructural data upon their reaction with enamel and dentin. In addition, XRD was used to study the effect of the concentration of 10-MDP on nanolayering on dentin. Finally, the stability of the nanolayers was determined by measuring the bond strength to enamel and dentin when a photoinitiator was added to the experimental primer or when interfacial polymerization depended solely on the photoinitiator supplied with the subsequently applied adhesive resin. XRD confirmed nanolayering on enamel and dentin, which was significantly greater on dentin than on enamel, and also when the surface was actively rubbed with the primer. Nanolayering was also proportional to the concentration of 10-MDP in the primer. Finally, the experimental primer needed the photoinitiator to obtain a tensile bond strength to dentin comparable with that of the control C-SE primer (which also contains a photoinitiator), but not when bonded to enamel. It is concluded that self-assembled nanolayering occurs on enamel and dentin, even when following a clinically used application protocol. The lower bonding effectiveness of mild self-etch adhesives to enamel should be ascribed in part to a lower chemical reactivity (nanolayering) with enamel HAP. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.actbio.2011.04.026

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOC DENTAL MATERIALS DEVICES  

Each dental adhesive contains a specific functional monomer that determines its actual adhesive performance to tooth tissue. 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic acid (4-MET) is well-known as one of the functional monomers mostly available and consequently widely used in commercial adhesives. We therefore characterized the chemical - interaction of 4-MET with hydroxy-apatite (HAp) using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). XPS revealed that the peak representing -COO- of 4-MET shifted to a lower binding energy, when 4-MET was adsorbed onto HAp. Deconvolution of this shifted peak disclosed two components with a peak representing unreacted carboxyl groups and ester groups, and a peak suggesting chemical bonding of other carboxyl groups to Ca of HAp. XPS spectra of HAp treated with 4-MET also disclosed the surface to be enriched in calcium and decreased in phosphorus, indicating that phosphorus was extracted at a, relatively higher rate than calcium. It can thus be concluded that true chemical bonding of 4-MET with calcium present in HAp occurred, as it was proven using XPS.

DOI： 10.4012/dmj.25.645

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Language：English  

DOI： 10.4012/dmj.25.645

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japan Society of Home Economics  

We investigated the extent of damages inflicted by the Great Earthquake in Hyogo Prefecture; our informants are the high school students whose houses suffered various degrees of damage with a view to evaluating their emotional stress as well as what sort of preventive measures had been in force before the earthquake hit the area and what post-disaster measures were applied.<BR>The findings may be summarized as follows : <BR>1) Students felt they were physically burdened a great deal as they were engaged in clearing work among the ruins.<BR>2) Students whose houses were damaged experienced serious mental shock.<BR>3) Students kept pieces of furniture and electric appliances in their room. They admitted they needed some damage prevention measures.<BR>4) Before the quake, most students neither possessed any knowledge, nor were they given any emergency drill. The drill, however, was repeated since after the disaster.<BR>5) Most of the students recognized the need to learn about disaster measures in school.<BR>The findings indicate that students need to acquire both know-how and readiness to protect themselves and their family. For that purpose, they need to be given proper guidance as well.

DOI： 10.11428/jhej1987.51.171

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese  

DOI： doi.org/10.20816/jal

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Association of Law and Political Science  

There are many factors to influence how a diet member would make a decision about a bill at the Diet. However, it is very difficult to understand how a diet member's atributes affect his opinion. Diet members themselves seem to be influenced by their attributes unconsciously when making a decision. In this study, I am going to study about Diet members' personal history, which is one of factors influencing Diet members' opinions on political topics. Many conventional studies were on influences by political party, denomination, or hometown. In another word, not the Diet member's himself but a relation to his surroundings has been the topic of study. On the contrary, studies about relation between a Diet member and his personal history have not been published. I am going to study how a Diet member's academic background and career influence his decision on policy. I also would like to clarify influences to political attitude analytically, including the variable of political party affiliation.

DOI： 10.20816/jalps.36.1_111

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Association of Urban Housing Sciences  

The number of Silver Housing (SH) has rapidly increased since our first report on SH (kikuzawa et al. URBAN HOUSING SCIENCES No.11, 1995). In the end of March 1997, 4109 households reside in 172 SH complexes. Accordingly, administration systems and the job styles of LSA have become significantly diversified. This article examines job conditions drawn from previous studies hold after the change. The result are as follows: (1) The number of LSAs feeling, “The job is difficult” is strongly related negatively with their experience of training for “Life Support Service”. (2) The job style of LSA is strongly correlated with their feeling, “It is worth working as an LSA”. (3) The conclusions drawn from the previous reports were mostly verified even after the change.

DOI： 10.11531/uhs1993.1997.19_107

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： doi.org/10.11531/uhs

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Association of Urban Housing Sciences  

The research work was carried out in order to get the fundamental materials for the housing restoration planning aftter the South-Hyogo Earthquake by grasping the housing demands for the permanent residence of the sufferers of the disaster who continue to live in the temporary housings. An questionnaire survey was executed for 1, 855 subjects living in Kobe, Takarazuka and Toyonaka Cities, during November in 1995 and February in 1996, and 840 were recovered. About 90% of the subjects occupying about one-thirds of the total subjects, who had lived in the detached own dwellings before the disaster, desire to live in the same type detached dwellings afterwards, where as almost all the other subjects desire to live in the public rental dwellings and they prefer to the mixed dwelling type of various generations, group dwelling type exclusively for the elderly and the dwelling type with life support welfare service. However when they feel weak in the physical strength, they tend to prefer to live in the latter two types. As a whole almost all the subjects desire to consider the countermeasure to live easily for the elderly in the housings hereafter.

DOI： 10.11531/uhs1993.1996.15_195

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Association of Urban Housing Sciences  

41.8 percent of the temporary housing residents destroyed their dwellings by the eathquake on January 17, 1995 are over 65 years old. The report has tried to grasp the background of the subjects necessitating the life support services for ADL, and to find out desirable living ways hereafter.<BR>Questionnaire surveys were executed for 1855 subjects living in the temporary housings in Kobe, Takarazuka and Toyonaka Cities, during November in 1995 and February in 1996, and 840 were recovered. It was clarified that there exist a lot of the elderly who feel incovenient in ADL due to the arthralgia and/or the rheumatism even if they have no difficulty of walking around by themselves. Earnest desires for the life support service have been recognized, derived from the fact that many temporary housing complexes have been located in much more inconvenient access areas than the previous dwellings before the outbreak of the earthquake. Above results suggest the necessity of the substantial supply of public rental housings and facilities concerned with the elderly in the possibly convenient access areas and the positive introduction of the life support service.

DOI： 10.11531/uhs1993.1996.15_199

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本歯科医学教育学会  

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/30967

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DOI： 10.18926/AMO/30967

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Language：English   Publisher：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

Posthumous reproduction has been performed in Japan several times, without sufficient civic discussion on its appropriateness or legislative regulation. There have even been several lawsuits on posthumous acknowledgment (in which a baby born to a deceased father has the same birthright as a baby born to a living father), and some judgments have proposed the need to develop societal agreement on posthumous reproduction and suggested legislative settlement. With this background, this study aims to clarify the views of the Japanese people regarding posthumous reproduction. In December 2007, we distributed a questionnaire on posthumous reproduction in relation to beliefs about family and religion to 32 universities across the country, and received 3,719 replies. It was found that about 60% of respondents agreed with posthumous reproduction. Statistical analysis was applied to the relationship between this overall position on posthumous reproduction and views on assisted reproduction technologies, family, religion, and so on. The degree of support for posthumous reproduction was strongly correlated with the degree of affirmation of assisted reproduction technologies and a liberal worldview with emphasis on self-determination. On the other hand, there was also a strong correlation with having a traditional view of family, such as family succession. The degree of support for posthumous reproduction was also highly correlated with the intimacy among family members, underlying which was a strong connection to the traditional religious belief in Japan that deceased family members watch the living ones. The view on posthumous reproduction is culturally complex and cannot be explained by a simple dichotomy between traditional conservatives and liberals.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/30967

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Language：English   Publisher：OKAYAMA UNIV MED SCHOOL  

Posthumous reproduction has been performed in Japan several times, without sufficient civic discussion on its appropriateness or legislative regulation. There have even been several lawsuits on posthumous acknowledgment (in which a baby born to a deceased father has the same birthright as a baby born to a living father), and some judgments have proposed the need to develop societal agreement on posthumous reproduction and suggested legislative settlement. With this background, this study aims to clarify the views of the Japanese people regarding posthumous reproduction. In December 2007, we distributed a questionnaire on posthumous reproduction in relation to beliefs about family and religion to 32 universities across the country, and received 3,719 replies. It was found that about 60% of respondents agreed with posthumous reproduction. Statistical analysis was applied to the relationship between this overall position on posthumous reproduction and views on assisted reproduction technologies, family, religion, and so on. The degree of support for posthumous reproduction was strongly correlated with the degree of affirmation of assisted reproduction technologies and a liberal worldview with emphasis on self-determination. On the other hand, there was also a strong correlation with having a traditional view of family, such as family succession. The degree of support for posthumous reproduction was also highly correlated with the intimacy among family members, underlying which was a strong connection to the traditional religious belief in Japan that deceased family members watch the living ones. The view on posthumous reproduction is culturally complex and cannot be explained by a simple dichotomy between traditional conservatives and liberals.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/30967

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