Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本医学教育学会  

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Background and study aims  Closure after endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) is challenging. We previously developed a simple endoscopic closure method: line-assisted complete closure (LACC). We performed a pilot study using porcine models to evaluate the feasibility of modified LACC after gastric EFTR. Patients and methods  Six live pigs were included. EFTR (greater curvature of the gastric antrum [n = 3] and anterior wall of the gastric body [n = 3]) was performed under general anesthesia and the defect after EFTR was closed by modified LACC. The pigs were observed until postoperative day 4 (Day 4). The closure site was endoscopically evaluated and the presence or absence of peritonitis and fluid leakage was evaluated. The outcomes were the success rate of modified LACC on the day of the procedure, maintenance of defect closure, presence of peritonitis or leakage, and clinical course. Results  Once complete closure was successfully achieved in all cases, maintenance of closure on Day 4 was not achieved. However, there was neither peritonitis nor fluid leakage. The defect was completely covered by surrounding tissues on Day 4 and the clinical course was good in all cases. Conclusions  The feasibility of modified LACC after gastric EFTR was demonstrated in porcine models. Further improvement is needed to maintain defect closure.

DOI： 10.1055/a-1785-8589

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OBJECTIVES: Transient fever and electrocoagulation syndrome after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) remain a challenge. The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors of post-ESD fever and post-ESD coagulation syndrome (PECS), focusing on the involvement of immunosuppressive drugs and steroids (IM). METHODS: This retrospective analysis included 510 patients who underwent colorectal ESD at Okayama University Hospital from 2015 to 2020. The incidence rate, clinical outcome, and factors associated with post-ESD fever and PECS were investigated. RESULTS: Post-ESD fever and PECS occurred in 63 patients (12.4%) and 43 patients (8.4%), respectively. In multivariate analysis, the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status ≥3, the use of immunosuppressants or prednisolone ≥5mg (IM group), and injury to muscle layer/perforation were significantly associated with post-ESD fever. In PECS, IM group, tumors located on the right side, treatment time ≥60 min, injury to the muscle layer, and multiple lesions were independent risk factors. Both post-ESD fever and PECS improved conservatively in the IM group, and no serious complication was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of IM was a risk factor for both post-ESD fever and PECS. However, there were no serious complications in colorectal ESD for patients taking IM.

DOI： 10.1002/deo2.83

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：医学図書出版(株)  

次世代シークエンサーとデジタルPCRの登場はliquid biopsyをめざましく進歩させた。従来法の生検と異なり、非侵襲的にリアルタイムで情報取得が可能であり、近年もっとも注目されている手法である。しかし、本邦の膵癌ガイドラインにおいて、膵癌診断法のひとつとして腫瘍マーカーがあげられているものの、liquid biopsyに関しては明記されていない。診断、フォローアップ、予後予測、治療効果予測などに関して、liquid biopsyの有用性が相次いで報告されており、その活躍の場は今後ますます増えてくると思われる。しかし、liquid biopsyが腫瘍マーカーを凌駕する側面はあるものの、簡便なモニタリングとして腫瘍マーカーが役立つ場面も多い。現状においては、liquid biopsyと腫瘍マーカーを融合し、おのおのの利点を組み合わせながら診断、フォローアップ、予後予測、治療効果予測の精度を高めていくべきと考える。(著者抄録)

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Animal data show that the presence of an oncogenic Kras mutation in pancreatic acinar cells leads to acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Inflammatory macrophages play an important role in the formation of ADMs and transition to PanINs. Epidemiologically, statins are associated with a reduced risk of PDAC. We investigated whether statins inhibit inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages and whether this leads to reduced ADM formation. METHODS: The efficacy of statins on inflammatory cytokine production in 2 macrophage cell lines was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of macrophage-conditioned medium on ADM in primary pancreatic acinar cells was investigated. Mouse pancreatic tissue samples were analyzed for macrophage numbers, cytokine levels, and neoplastic/dysplastic area. RESULTS: Lipophilic statins prevented inflammatory cytokine production in Raw264.7 and J774A.1 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. The inhibitory effect of statins was mediated by inhibition of mevalonate and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthesis and disruption of the actin cytoskeleton but not by a reduction in intracellular cholesterol. Treatment of macrophages with lipophilic statins also blocked ADM formation of primary pancreatic acinar cells. Furthermore, oral administration of simvastatin was associated with a reduction in the number of intrapancreatic macrophages, decreased inflammatory cytokine levels in the pancreas, and attenuated ADM/PanIN formation in mice. CONCLUSION: Our data support the hypothesis that statins oppose early PDAC development by their effects on macrophages and ADM formation. The inhibitory actions of statins on macrophages may collaborate with direct inhibitory effects on transformed pancreatic epithelial cells, which cumulatively may reduce early PDAC development and progression.

DOI： 10.1016/j.gastha.2022.04.012

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BACKGROUND: The technique to analyze circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in body fluid (so-called "liquid biopsy") is recently developed. AIMS: Our aim was to assess the utility of liquid biopsy for predicting progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after surgical resection or chemotherapy. METHODS: A total of 72 patients with PDAC were retrospectively enrolled for this study, 33 treated surgically and 39 given chemotherapy, either FOLFIRINOX (oxaliplatin/irinotecan/fluorouracil/leucovorin) or gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel. Prior to treatment, patients were screened for the presence of KRAS mutations (G12D and G12V) in plasma using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, and outcomes were compared. RESULTS: KRAS mutations were identified in plasma samples of 12 patients (36%) underwent surgical resection. Patients with plasma KRAS mutations had significantly shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (p < .01 and p = .01, respectively). Of 10 clinical variables analyzed, plasma KRAS mutation was the factor predictive of DFS in multivariate analysis (RR = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.36-9.60; p = .01). Although 12 patients (31%) given chemotherapy tested positive for plasma KRAS mutations, there was no demonstrable relation between plasma KRAS mutations and progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) (p = .35 and p = .68, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with PDAC, detection of KRAS mutations in plasma proved independently predictive of early recurrence after surgical resection but did not correlate with PFS following chemotherapy.

DOI： 10.1080/15384047.2021.1980312

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本医学教育学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本医学教育学会  

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OBJECTIVES: Obesity, a risk factor for pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is often accompanied by a systemic increase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS; metabolic endotoxemia), which is thought to mediate obesity-associated inflammation. However, the direct effects of LPS on PDAC cells are poorly understood. METHODS: The expression of toll-like receptor 4, the receptor for LPS, was confirmed in PDAC cell lines. AsPC-1 and PANC-1 cells were exposed to LPS, and differential gene expression was determined by RNA sequencing. The activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway by LPS in PDAC cells was assessed by Western blotting. RESULTS: The expression of toll-like receptor 4 was confirmed in all PDAC cell lines. The exposure to LPS led to differential expression of 3083 genes (426 ≥5-fold) in AsPC-1 and 2584 genes (339 ≥5-fold) in PANC-1. A top canonical pathway affected by LPS in both cell lines was PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Western blotting confirmed activation of this pathway as measured by phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 and Akt. CONCLUSIONS: The exposure of PDAC cells to LPS led to differential gene expression. A top canonical pathway was PI3K/Akt/mTOR, a known oncogenic driver. Our findings provided evidence that LPS can directly induce differential gene expression in PDAC cells.

DOI： 10.1097/MPA.0000000000001790

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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The sensitivity of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) for diagnosing the recurrence of pancreatic cancer is usually low because of difficulties in obtaining adequate samples for pathological examinations. We evaluated the efficacy of highly sensitive KRAS mutation analysis using EUS-FNA washes to detect cancer recurrence. METHODS: Nineteen consecutive patients with suspected pancreatic cancer recurrence after surgical resection were enrolled. All underwent EUS-FNA, and samples were obtained for pathological examination. After the first session, the inside of the FNA needle was washed with saline for DNA extraction. KRAS mutations were examined using digital droplet PCR (dPCR). RESULTS: The median needle puncture number used to obtain adequate pathological samples was two (range 1-6). In ten patients pathologically diagnosed with malignant pancreatic cancer, nine patients tested positive for a KRAS mutation. All patients who were not diagnosed with a malignant pancreatic cancer tested negative for a KRAS mutation. About half of surgically resected primary cancers (9/19) showed double KRAS mutations (G12V and G12D); however, all but one wash sample showed a single KRAS mutation, G12D. After including one patient who showed a malignant recurrence during follow-up, the sensitivities of a pathological diagnosis and KRAS analysis to detect recurrence were 90.9% and 81.8%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: KRAS mutation analysis of needle wash samples using dPCR is a new methodology for the diagnosis of the local recurrence of pancreatic cancer. The diagnostic ability of dPCR with a one-time needle wash sample was comparable to a pathological diagnosis with multiple samplings.

DOI： 10.1007/s10620-019-06006-6

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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DOI： 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.07.044

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BACKGROUND: Mutations in the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene promoter have been reported in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, analyses of these mutations in liquid biopsies have been technically difficult because of the high GC content of the regions of interest within this promoter. We evaluated the feasibility and prognostic value of hTERT promoter mutations identified in circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from the serum of patients with HCC. OBJECTIVE: A cohort of HCC patients (n = 36) who were curatively treated by surgical resection between June 2003 and September 2014 were enrolled in this study. METHODS: The presence of hTERT promoter mutations in cfDNA from the patients' serum was analyzed via modified droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, and associations were sought between specific promoter mutations and patients' disease-free survival (DFS). RESULTS: The G>A hTERT mutation at -124 bp was detected in the serum of 25 patients (69%). Although no marked differences were observed between the characteristics of the serum mutation-positive and serum mutation-negative patient groups, the DFS of patients with the mutation was significantly shorter than that of the serum mutation-negative patients (p = 0.02). Among 18 clinicopathologic and background liver factors examined, the presence of the -124 bp G>A mutation was an independent and significant predictor of patients' DFS (hazard ratio = 3.01, 95% confidence interval 1.11-10.5, p = 0.03) in multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: The -124 bp G>A hTERT promoter mutation was observed in the serum of 69% of HCC patients who underwent surgical resection and was an independent predictor of disease progression in HCC.

DOI： 10.1159/000506135

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In recent years, liquid biopsy for blood and body fluid in cancer patients has attracted attention. However, there have been few reports of liquid biopsy focusing on urine of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In 56 patients with PDAC, DNA was extracted from urine and plasma prior to treatment, and KRAS mutations were analyzed with droplet digital PCR to examine the mutation detection rate. Our study showed that KRAS mutations were found in 27 cases (48%) in urine and 27 cases (48%) in plasma. The detection rate of urine KRAS mutations varied by renal functions. The rates were 70% (14/20) and 36% (13/36) in the creatinine clearance rate (CCr) < 70 mL/min group and in the CCr ≥ 70 mL/min group, respectively (P = .024). Whereas, no influence of the CCr was observed in the detection rates of plasma KRAS mutations. The rates were 50% (10/20) and 47% (17/36) in cases with the CCr < 70 mL/min group and the CCr ≥ 70 mL/min group, respectively. Although the sample size was small, this study clearly indicated a new possibility of less invasive urine liquid biopsy in PDAC patients.

DOI： 10.1080/15384047.2019.1638685

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DOI： 10.11405/nisshoshi.116.241

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Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is often performed before radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TACE prior to RFA can expand the ablated area and reduce the tumor size, facilitating complete ablation. However, the factors correlated with size reduction remain uncertain. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with size reduction by TACE and develop a formula to predict the reduction rate. A total of 100 HCC patients treated with TACE followed by RFA at least 20 days later were enrolled. The tumor size was measured at the time of TACE and RFA, and correlations between the reduction rate and 13 clinical factors were examined. A formula to predict the reduction rate was built using the factors obtained by the analysis. Reduction in the tumor size was observed in 69 nodules, and the median reduction rate was 16.2%. A multivariate regression analysis revealed that a large tumor size (p< 0.01) and a long interval between the therapies (p= 0.01) were factors for a high tumor reduction rate, with tumor size more strongly related to the degree of reduction. A size reduction of more than 10% can be expected by waiting 20 days after TACE when the size of the tumor at TACE is over 25 mm in diameter. The tumor size.

DOI： 10.18926/AMO/55662

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INTRODUCTION: Tissue sampling of gallbladder cancer (GBCa) is challenging because of the anatomy of the gallbladder. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of diagnosing GBCa patients by performing a liquid biopsy of bile in addition to current diagnostic methods. METHODS: Thirty patients with GBCa were enrolled in this study. Cytological examination was performed in all patients. Using next generation sequencing (NGS), DNA isolated from the bile and tumor tissue was analyzed for mutations in 49 oncogenes. We also compared these mutations with cytology results. RESULTS: 57.1% of DNA samples from tumor tissue were positive for a mutation. In these patients, 87.5% of the bile circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) samples had the same mutation. The concordance rate between bile ctDNA and tissue DNA samples was 85.7%, and the mutation frequencies detected in ctDNA were approximately half of what was detected in tumor tissue DNA. On the other hand, the sensitivity of the cytological and bile ctDNA analyses was 45.8% and 58.3%, respectively. The concordance rate between cytology and bile ctDNA analyses was 87.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Mutated tumor DNA could be detected in bile by NGS. Liquid biopsy of bile might help us to diagnose GBCa because of higher sensitivity and positive predict value compared to cytology with ERCP.

DOI： 10.1080/15384047.2018.1456604

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society of Hepatology  

Hepatic capillary hemangioma is a rare hepatic benign tumor which composed of the aggregation of capillary vessels. Because of the difficulty of diagnosis, there are some reports diagnosed by surgical resection. We reported the case of liver capillary hemangioma with cystic lesions which was diagnosed by single level dynamic CT and fine-needle targeted biopsy. A patient was female in the sixties. Screening examination by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pointed out the tumor in the 6th segment of liver. Contrast enhanced CT revealed that tumor was strongly enhanced in the arterial phase. Washout pattern was observed at equilibrium phase. Single level dynamic CT during hepatic arteriography showed spotted enhanced followed to enhanced homogeneously, which might reveal the characteristic of capillary vessels in the tumor. The tumor tissue obtained by fine-needle biopsy showed the aggregation of capillary vessels positively immuno-stained with CD34 and factor VIII, that lead to diagnose hepatic capillary hemangioma.

DOI： 10.2957/kanzo.59.187

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AIM: To compare the tolerability and quality of bowel cleansing between 2 L polyethylene glycol (PEG) and reduced-dose sodium phosphate (NaP) tablets as a preparation for colonoscopy. METHODS: Two hundred patients were randomly assigned to the PEG or NaP groups at the same ratio. The NaP group patients took 30 tablets with 2 L of clear liquid, while the PEG group patients took 2L of PEG. Tolerability was assessed by a questionnaire about taste, volume, and the overall impression. The bowel cleansing quality was evaluated by colonoscopists. RESULTS: Although NaP showed better tolerability in terms of taste, volume and overall impression (P < 0.01, P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively), the overall cleansing quality was better in the PEG group (P < 0.01). A subgroup analysis, stratified by sex and age, indicated that NaP was associated with better tolerability and equivalent bowel cleansing quality in females of < 50 years of age. CONCLUSION: Despite the better tolerability, the use of 30 NaP tablets with 2 L of clear liquid should be limited due to its lower cleansing quality; however, in certain cases the regimen may deserve consideration, particularly in cases involving young women.

DOI： 10.3748/wjg.v23.i24.4454

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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is a standard therapy for the treatment of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we tried to elucidate the possibility of using radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as an alternative treatment of intermediate-stage HCC. METHODS: Among 246 patients who were initially diagnosed with intermediate-stage HCC, 76 who were treated with TACE (TACE group) and 91 who were treated with RFA (RFA group) were enrolled in this study. The risk for survival was analyzed with the Cox Proportional Hazard Model, and the survival rates were compared using propensity score matching. RESULTS: About half (50.6%) of the intermediate-stage HCC patients in the RFA group were diagnosed with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer substage-B1 (BCLC-B1) compared with only 19.7% of the patients in the TACE group. Survival of the RFA group was longer than that of TACE group in patients with BCLC-B1 and BCLC-B2. In contrast, no difference between groups was observed in patients with BCLC-B3/4. Multivariate analysis revealed that large tumor size (>30 mm, hazard ratio = 1.685, P = 0.043), high des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (>100 mAU/mL, hazard ratio = 1.920, P = 0.012), and TACE group (hazard ratio = 1.896, P = 0.016) were significant risk factors for survival. Overall 3-year survival of the patients in the RFA group (69.5%) was significantly longer than that of patients in the TACE group (51.5%) after propensity score matching (P = 0.032). No significant adverse events were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: RFA was useful for the treatment of less advanced intermediate-stage HCC and could be an alternative to TACE in selected cases.

DOI： 10.1111/jgh.13586

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Background/Objectives: The detection of cancer-specific DNA in peripheral blood, known as a liquid biopsy, has been reported recently. Most such studies have used plasma as a sample; however, whether or not serum can be used as effectively is unclear. We attempted to clarify suitable samples for detecting KRAS mutations in circulating DNA in the blood of pancreatic cancer patients using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
Methods: DNA was extracted from the tissue, plasma, and serum of 40 pancreatic cancer patients. The presence of KRAS mutations G12D, G12V, and G12R was analyzed by droplet digital PCR.
Results: The amount of DNA isolated from the serum was much higher than that from plasma (1.0-to 42.0-fold). At least 1 KRAS mutation was observed in 93% of cancer tissues, whereas we detected the mutations in only 48% of the serum and plasma DNA samples. The G12D mutation was the most prevalent of the three mutations, followed by the G12V mutation. The presence of the G12D KRAS mutation in the plasma, serum, or tissue did not correlate to the overall survival; however, the prognosis of the patients with a KRAS mutation at G12V in the plasma or serum was significantly poorer than that of the patients without the mutation (P &lt; 0.01).
Conclusions: Serum and plasma were found to be good materials for detecting cancer-specific DNA in the peripheral blood and the presence of KRAS mutations in blood-derived DNA may be used as a prognostic biomarker for patients with pancreatic cancer. (C) 2017 IAP and EPC. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pan.2016.12.011

Web of Science

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GOALS: To elucidate whether long-term supplementation with branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) granules improves overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) after radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)≤3 cm in diameter with up to 3 nodules and a serum albumin level before RFA of ≤3.5 g/dL. BACKGROUND: Whether BCAA treatment after curative RFA for patients with HCV-related HCC improves OS and RFS remains unclear. STUDY: We compared the OS rate and the RFS rate between the BCAA group (n=115) and the control group (n=141). We also examined factors contributing to OS and RFS. RESULTS: The 1 and 3 years OS rates after RFA were 94.0% and 70.0%, respectively, in the BCAA group, and 94.0% and 49.8%, respectively, in the control group (P=0.001). The corresponding RFS rates 1 and 3 years after RFA were 61.8% and 28.0%, respectively, in the BCAA group, and 52.0% and 12.0%, respectively, in the control group (P=0.013). In the multivariate analysis, in terms of OS, BCAA treatment, and serum albumin level of ≥3.4 g/dL, and in terms of RFS, age 70 years or older, BCAA treatment, and a serum albumin level of ≥3.4 g/dL were significant independent factors, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: BCAA treatment may improve OS and RFS after RFA in patients with HCV-related HCC≤3 cm in diameter with up to 3 nodules and a serum albumin level before RFA of 3.5 g/dL.

DOI： 10.1097/MCG.0b013e31826be9ad

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

A 66-year-old man with giant gastric folds had been followed up since February 2000. In March 2010, a submucosal tumor of 35mm was identified with endoscopy and a low echoic mass was identified with endoscopic ultrasonography. After histologic diagnosis by endosonography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy, he underwent a total gastrectomy. Histologic examination of the resected specimen revealed a tumor 20mm in diameter consisting of well-to-moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma in the thickened wall of the gastric greater curvature, which contained small cystic lesions in the lamina propria. Immunohistochemical staining showed thick gastric wall consisting of not only multiple cysts but also smooth muscle, elastic and collagen fibers. The histologic diagnosis was advanced gastric cancer accompanied by diffuse cystic malformation (DCM). Although it is a rare condition, DCM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of giant gastric folds and as a pre-cancerous lesion.

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BACKGROUND: The clearance of hepatitis C virus infection by interferon therapy significantly reduces the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and death in elderly chronic hepatitis patients. However, there are few reports concerning the efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon-alpha2b plus ribavirin combination therapy in elderly patients. The aims of the present study were to examine the effect and safety of pegylated interferon-alpha2b plus ribavirin combination therapy in 427 patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. We compared the rates of sustained virological response--defined as the absence of detectable hepatitis C virus in serum 24 weeks after the treatment ended--and the treatment discontinuation rate between 319 younger patients aged < 65 years and 108 elderly patients aged ≥ 65 years. We also examined the factors contributing to a sustained virological response. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the sustained virological response rate between younger patients and elderly patients according to their hepatitis C virus genotype (41.5% (100/241) and 40.7% (35/86) for genotype 1; P = 0.899, 89.7% (70/78) and 86.4% (19/22) for genotype 2; P = 0.703, respectively). There was also no significant difference in the treatment discontinuation rate between the two age groups (10.3% (33/319) and 13.9% (15/108), respectively; P = 0.378). There were no serious adverse events requiring hospitalization. The factors contributing significantly to a sustained virological response in elderly patients were gender, hepatitis C virus genotype, platelet count, and the presence of a rapid or early virological response (undetectable hepatitis C virus in serum at weeks 4 or 12 of treatment, respectively). However, upon multivariate analysis, the presence of an early virological response was the only significant factor (odds ratio: 0.115, 95% confidence interval: 0.040- 0.330, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy and safety of pegylated interferon-alpha2b plus ribavirin combination therapy in elderly patients are not always inferior to those in younger patients. Obtaining an early virological response may be essential to achieve a sustained virological response in elderly patients with chronic hepatitis C infection.

DOI： 10.1186/1756-0500-5-135

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(株)アークメディア  

症例は75歳女性で、C型肝硬変で近医フォロー中、腹部USで肝S8に3cm大の腫瘤、CT等の血流画像で多血性を認め、肝細胞癌(HCC)疑いで紹介入院した。検査ではトランスアミナーゼの軽度高値を認めるが、肝予備能は保たれていた。HCV抗体陽性、HBVは既感染パターン、腫瘍マーカーはCA19-9のみ軽度高値であった。腹部USで径3.5cmの低エコー結節を認め、CTでは淡い低信号、dynamic CTでは早期相で高吸収、後期相で低吸収を呈し、MRIではT1強調で低信号、T2強調で高信号、拡散強調で高信号、EOB肝細胞相で辺縁不整の低信号を呈した。HCC、混合型肝癌疑いで手術切除を行った。切除標本は白色、辺縁やや不整で被覆を有さず、顕微鏡的には境界明瞭で著明なリンパ球、形質細胞浸潤とリンパ濾胞形成を伴い、胆管類似の腫瘍細胞が不明瞭な管状〜充実性の増殖を示した。免疫染色で腫瘍組織全体にスリット状〜不規則分枝状の血管増生を認め、EMAは癌病変の腺腔内部に陽性を示した。

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66歳女。検診で肝腫瘤を指摘され当科紹介となった。腹部USで肝左様に境界明瞭、辺縁に帯状の高エコー像、内部に不整形の低エコー領域を有し一部石灰化を伴う腫瘍を認め、ソナゾイド造影では辺縁高エコー部位にのみ流入を認めた。腹部CTでは肝S4に造影で濃染される乳頭状隆起を伴う嚢胞性腫瘍を認め、胆管外側枝は拡張していた。腹部MRIではT2強調像でS4に内部に不均一な低信号と高信号が混在する腫瘍を認めた。ERCPで乳頭開口部は軽度開大しており、通常の胆管造影では左肝管付近に陰影欠損を認め、末梢は描出されず、バルーン造影では拡張した内側枝を認め、IDUSでは腫瘍内に高エコーで丈の高い乳頭状隆起がみられた。S4を主体とする粘液産生胆管内乳頭状腫瘍と診断し、一部がS8まで進展していたため拡大肝左葉切除術、右後枝-小腸吻合、Roux-en Y再建術を施行した。病理学的所見で胆管内に乳頭状に発育する腫瘍を認め、腫瘍細胞の形態は膵胆管上皮型、低異型度の乳頭状腺癌であった。MUC染色ではMUC1陽性、MUC2、MUC5ACは陰性で、MIB-index 4.3%であった。

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1428100400

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper, summary (international conference)   Publisher：W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC  

Web of Science

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一財)津山慈風会津山中央病院  

抗生剤起因性出血性大腸炎(Antibiotics-associated hemorrhagic colitis:AAHC)は抗生剤投与後に突然の血性下痢を起こし、特徴的な内視鏡所見を呈する腸炎である。その原因は不明とされているが、最近Klebsiella oxytocaがAAHCの原因の一部であるという報告がされている。この度我々は、2000年10月〜2012年3月までに当院で下部消化管内視鏡検査を施行し、抗生剤起因性出血性大腸炎と診断した23例について、年齢、性別、基礎疾患、主訴、起因抗生剤、症状出現までの日数、症状が軽快するまでの日数、治療、罹患部位、内視鏡所見、病理所見、血液検査所見、細菌学的所見について検討した。また、Klebsiella oxytocaの検出率についても検討した。平均年齢は50.3歳(17〜77歳)、性別は男性11例、女性12例、基礎疾患を有する症例は23例中7例であった。主訴は23例全例に下痢、腹痛、血便を認めた。起因抗生剤はペニシリン系13例(56.5%)、セフェム系4例(17.4%)、ニューキノロン系3例(13%)であった。抗生剤内服から症状出現までの日数は6.2±2.3日、症状改善までの日数は3.7±1.3日であった。治療はいずれの症例においても起因抗生剤の中止、絶食、輸液による保存的加療にて全例改善を認めた。罹患部位は、23例中22例(95.7%)において右側結腸(盲腸から横行結腸)に炎症所見を認めた。内視鏡所見は23症例全例に発赤を認め、17例(73.9%)に浮腫、15例(65.2%)にびらん、1例(4.3%)に縦走潰瘍を認めた。病理組織所見は23例中全例に炎症細胞浸潤、粘膜固有層の鬱血及び出血を認めた。血液検査所見は、WBC(平均):11500±2948/m3、CRP(平均):3.4±6.2mg/dl、Hb(平均):13.8±1.4g/dlであった。細菌学的所見は、内視鏡施行時の生検培養と便培養を施行した20例中13例(65%)にKlebsiella oxytocaを認めた。今回の検討から、抗生剤起因性出血性大腸炎は基礎疾患のない比較的若年者に多く認め、起因する抗生剤はペニシリン系が多数であった。内視鏡所見は右側結腸を中心に発赤、浮腫、びらんを認め、便培養ではKlebsiella oxytocaを認める症例が多数であった。(著者抄録)

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本肝臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本肝臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本肝臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本肝臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本肝臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本肝臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本肝臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本消化器内視鏡学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本肝臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本肝臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本肝臓学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一財)日本消化器病学会  

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