Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  

DOI： 10.20710/dojo.93.6_403

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.envc.2022.100657

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

DOI： 10.1016/j.ejrh.2022.101225

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/00380768.2022.2095669

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/00380768.2022.2087198

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The origin of ammonium-nitrogen in Indonesian coastal groundwater has not been intensively examined, meanwhile the elevated concentration remains a concern. This research aims at tracing the potential sources of ammonium-nitrogen in the groundwater of Indramayu, Indonesia where groundwater is vital for livelihood. From results, a combined examination of nitrogen isotope, coliform bacteria, land-use, and geology confirmed the natural and anthropogenic origins of ammonium-nitrogen in the groundwater. In the brackish-water aquaculture region, groundwater has δ N values from +1.8 to +4.8‰ signifying that ammonium-nitrogen is derived from mineralization of organic nitrogen to ammonium. Furthermore, ammonium has a significantly positive relationship with sodium indicating the exchangeable ammonium is mobilized to groundwater via cation exchange. Meanwhile ammonium-nitrogen from anthropogenic waste was detected in agricultural and residential region. The groundwater has more varied δ N values, from −2.9 to +16.1‰, which implies attenuation of ammonium-nitrogen from several sources namely manure, mineral fertilizer, sewage, and pit latrines. Also, the presence of E. coli confirms the indication of human and animal waste contamination. However, since ammonium has no relationship with sodium, cation exchange is not feasible and ammonium-nitrogen flows into the groundwater from anthropogenic sources along with liquid wastes. 15 15 NH4 NH4

DOI： 10.3390/w13010025

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Graduate School of Environmental Science, Okayama University  

DOI： 10.3107/jesss.9.1

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Informa UK Limited  

DOI： 10.1080/00380768.2018.1433958

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Taylor and Francis Inc.  

This study aims to determine the effects of compost additions and high temperature on N2O and CO2 emissions from a Vietnamese agricultural soil. Soil samples amended with two compost types (commercial compost, SH and chicken compost, CC) at three rates of 1%, 2% and 4% w/w were aerobically incubated at 25°C, 30°C and 35°C for 28 days in the laboratory. N2O and CO2 emissions were determined on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Our results showed that N2O and CO2 emissions were significantly affected by temperature, compost additions, and their interactions. Greater N2O and CO2 emissions were seen in CC treatments than SH treatments. Higher application rates of CC led to greater N2O and CO2 emissions. In SH treatments, higher temperature lowered N2O emissions but did not affect CO2 emissions. N2O and CO2 emissions were enhanced with CC addition while they showed different responses to increasing temperature.

DOI： 10.1080/00103624.2018.1435796

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier B.V.  

The first step in biofuel and/or bio-based bulk chemical material production is assessing the amounts of useful substances in a potential biomass. Sugar, nutrients, ash, and functional ingredients (such as antioxidant compounds) in premature dent corn biomass cultivated as a catch crop (plant density
60 shoots m−2) over different cultivation periods (29 days, 49 days, 83 days) were investigated. The sugar recovery amount was estimated by multiplying two regression curves (saccharification efficiency curve, quadratic regression curve
dry weight growth curve, Gompertz curve). A simple economic analysis for ethanol production from the catch crop biomass was also carried out using previously reported process costs and the estimated sugar recovery amount. High plant density led to accumulation of plant biomass providing high amounts of plant dry weight and derived sugars per unit area. About 2700 g DW m−2 (about 1400 g sugar m−2) was harvested in the 49-day cultivation. The amount is significant compared with biomass yields of other candidates for energy crops. The estimated sugar recovery amount reached its maximum value near the end of experimental period (79-day cultivation). The longer cultivation period was better for sugar recovery although there was a slight decrease in saccharification efficiency with cultivation time. Based on the economic analysis, a higher ethanol price (about 200% higher than the current wholesale price) would be required for catch crop financial independence with around 50-day cultivation. Production of ethanol from catch crop biomass would not be feasible in the current situation. However, condensed biomass production through catch crops is still attractive and requires further research.

DOI： 10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.11.039

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DOI： 10.1080/00380768.2018.1517280

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Excessive application of animal manure to farmland leads to phosphorus (P) loss into the surrounding water. Manure is incinerated to convert it to P-rich ash as a slow-release P fertilizer. However, the potential P loss and P availability for plants from cattle manure ash (CMA) have not been fully understood. The aims of this study were to determine the P release mechanism from CMA and to propose appropriate application rates that mitigate P loss and increase available P to soil in Fukushima, where the soil is deficient in nutrients after the replacement of cesium-137-contaminated soil with sandy mountain soil. Different P fractions in CMA were sequentially extracted with H2O, 0.5M NaHCO3, 0.1M NaOH, and 1M HCl. Phosphorus contents in different fractions of CMA were in the order of HCl-P>NaHCO3-P>H2O-P>NaOH-P. Water-soluble P release of CMA was also determined by kinetic experiments for 120h. Results showed that total water-soluble P accounted for a maximum of 2.9% of total P in CMA over 120h due to recalcitrant P compounds formed through incineration. The Fukushima sandy soil amended with CMA at three application rates, 94, 157, and 314mgPkg(-1) (corresponding to 300, 500, 1000kgP(2)O(5)ha(-1)) was incubated for 56days. Cattle manure compost and KH2PO4 were applied at 157mgPkg(-1) for comparison. Phosphorus release in water and CaCl2 solution from ash-amended soil was significantly lower than those from compost and KH2PO4-amended soil at the same P application rate of 157mgPkg(-1) (p<0.05). Available P in ash-amended soil, determined by Fe-oxide impregnated strips, was not significantly different from those in compost-amended soil after day 7 and KH2PO4-amended soil on day 56 at the same P application rate. Thus, CMA reduces P losses from soil to the surrounding water while it increases P availability for plants. In comparison of different rates of CMA, P release in water or CaCl2 was significantly greater at 314mgPkg(-1) than at 94 or 157mgPkg(-1), while the percentage of available P to total P was the lowest at the highest application rate (p<0.05), suggesting that the best application rates were 94 and 157mgPkg(-1) in this experiment.

DOI： 10.1080/00380768.2017.1355217

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IWA PUBLISHING  

Equilibrium analysis is essential to evaluate sorption capacity and to determine whether sediment acts as a source or sink of phosphorus ( P). This study was carried out to determine whether or not the sediment in drainage ditches acts as a source or sink of P, evaluate phosphorus sorption kinetics, and determine the potential P sorption by using the Langmuir isotherm sorption model. Surface sediment ( 0-10 cm) and the overlying water were collected from three drainage ditches for the experiments. Results showed that the drainage ditch that was the most contaminated with P had the highest sediment zero-equilibrium phosphorus concentration ( EPC0). Because sediment EPC0 of the three ditches was higher than water P concentration, they acted as a sink of P across the sediment interface. The kinetic sorption of sediments consisted of two stages that were quick and slow, regardless of the sampling sites. The amounts of P sorbed to sediments at equilibrium ( Q(e)) ranged from 50.8 to 77.5 mg kg(-1). Phosphorus sorption capacity ( Q(max)) of sediments ranged from 447.0-493.8 mg kg(-1) with the constant related to binding energy ( K) ( 0.140-0.171 L mg(-1)). The results from this study indicate the importance of ditch sediment in controlling P dynamics in discharge from agricultural farms.

DOI： 10.2166/wqrjc.2016.019

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IWA PUBLISHING  

Using low-cost and naturally available materials is considered an optimal adsorbent for removing phosphorus (P) from water due to its simplicity and economic efficiency. This study examined the removal of P from water using volcanic ash soil (VAS) by batch and column experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity of P was 2.94 mg g(-1), estimated from the batch experiment according to a Langmuir isotherm. The column study showed a higher adsorption capacity of 5.57 mg g(-1). The breakthrough curve showed that influent water containing 2 mg L-1 P was completely purified by VAS within 1,230 pore volumes (PV). The breakthrough and saturation points of the curves were 3,100 PV and 14,875 PV, respectively. After an adsorption column was loaded with 20,508 PV, a regeneration procedure was developed to determine whether an ion exchange of P with chloride occurred or adsorbed P in the columns could be eluted. Approximately 20% of P was recovered from columns by desorption tests, regardless of NaCl solution or deionized water. Specific surface area and mineral concentrations are both important characteristics that improve the adsorption capacity of VAS. The present study suggests that VAS is a promising adsorbent to remove P in water.

DOI： 10.2166/wst.2016.297

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER  

Fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass requires auxiliary materials, including nutrients, to ensure the proliferation of microorganisms. Nutrients are usually inexpensive, but their contribution to the cost is considerable because of the very low prices of fermentation products, such as bio-ethanol. Using substances present in native lignocellulosic biomass as nutrients for fermentation was proposed and demonstrated. Leaves and stalks of corn plants were used as biomass, and nutrients were recovered as a nutrient solution by soaking them in water before alkaline peroxide pretreatment. Pretreated biomass and the nutrient solution derived from the same lot were used for non-sterile simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and thermophilic l-lactic acid fermentation (SSF). Using the nutrient solution in the saccharification step did not impact sugar recovery, and instead improved sugar yields because of the presence of eluted sugars in the solution. The l-lactic acid yield of 0.33 g g(-1) based on native biomass weight indicated that the nutrient solution functioned as a source of nutrients and sugars, especially as a source of essential phosphorus. Comparatively, autoclaved SSF yielded less or no l-lactic acid, indicating an apparent inhibitive effect derived from the nutrient solution on bacterial growth.

DOI： 10.1007/s10163-015-0390-y

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Nitrous oxide (N2O), which is a greenhouse gas, may be more emitted as an intermediate product of denitrification during biological soil disinfestation. The biological soil disinfestation is a method to suppress soil-borne pathogens under reductive soil conditions produced by the application of organic matter and water irrigation with plastic film. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of different organic matter and mulch films on N2O emissions during biological soil disinfestation. Grey lowland soil amended with cattle compost plus rice bran (0.2%), rice husk (0.2%) or dent corn (0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%) was incubated at 100% water-holding capacity with or without plastic films made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and triple-layer polyolefin (3PO) for 72h at 50 degrees C. Permeation of the two films was also measured at 25 degrees C and 50 degrees C. Results showed that incorporation of organic matter increased N2O emissions compared with no organic matter addition at 50 degrees C. Incorporation of rice bran and dent corn with easily decomposable C and low C:N ratios increased N2O emissions for the first 12h, but thereafter, available C supply from these amendments suppressed N2O emissions. Permeability of mulch films increased at a higher temperature and was larger for PVC than for 3PO. Our study indicated that rice husk should not be used for soil disinfestation and that application rates of organic matter must be determined based on their decomposability. Moreover, mulch film covering would not suppress N2O emission in biological soil disinfestation because of high temperature.

DOI： 10.1080/09593330.2015.1092494

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Denitrification products nitrous oxide ((N2O) and nitrogen (N-2)) were measured in three flooded soils (paddy soil from Vietnam, PV; mangrove soil from Vietnam, MV; paddy soil from Japan, PJ) with different nitrate (NO3-) concentrations. Closed incubation experiments were conducted in 100-mL bottles for 7d at 25 degrees C. Each bottle contained 2g of air-dried soil and 25mL solution with NO3- (concentration 0, 5 or 10mgNL(-1)) with or without acetylene (C2H2). The N2O + N-2 emissions were estimated by the C2H2 inhibition method. Results showed that N2O + N-2 emissions for 7d were positively correlated with those of NO3- removal from solution with C2H2 (R-2=0.9872), indicating that most removed NO3- was transformed to N2O and N-2 by denitrification. In PJ soil, N2O and N-2 emissions were increased significantly (P<0.05) by the addition of greater NO3- concentrations. However, N2O and N-2 emissions from PV and MV soils were increased by the addition of 0 to 5mgNL(-1), but not by 5 to 10mgNL(-1). At 10mgNL(-1), N-2 emissions for 7d were greater in PJ soil (pH 7.0) than in PV (pH 5.8) or MV (pH 4.3) soils, while N2O emissions were higher in PV and MV soils than in PJ soil. In MV soil, N2O was the main product throughout the experiment. In conclusion, NO3- concentration and soil pH affected N2O and N-2 emissions from three flooded soils.

DOI： 10.1080/00380768.2015.1094747

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass requires auxiliary materials such as nutrients for fermentation. Because of the low prices of fermentation products such as bioethanol, the costs of nutrients are not negligible. We have developed the concept of using substances natively present in lignocellulosic biomass as nutrients for the downstream fermentation. The leaves and stalks of young dent corn plants were used as biomass and the nutrients were recovered by soaking them in water before alkaline pretreatment, followed by enzymatic saccharification and fermentation. Performing thermophilic L-lactic acid fermentation using these recovered nutrients support their use as commercially feasible alternatives. A level of recovered nutrients of 40% was sufficient to support the fermentation of recovered sugars derived from the same corn biomass. However, the amount of recovered nutrients required for fermentation was almost double that when using yeast extract based on the amounts of nitrogen and/or phosphorus added. The nitrogen and phosphorus balances in the process indicated that adding nutrients was crucial for promoting fermentation based on the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus. The nutrients proposed were considered to be effective for fermenting biomass pretreated by alkaline, dilute add, and hydrothermal methods. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.02.055

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SCIENCE PRESS  

Dent corn, as a catch crop used for salt removal, was cultivated at different densities, i.e., 7.3 (low density), 59.7 (normal density), and 119.5 plants m(-2) (high density), during a 50 d fallow period after cultivation of a commercial crop in a greenhouse, to analyze the characteristics of nutrient salt (N, K, Mg, and Ca) uptake by roots and to study the effect of plant density on the characteristics associated with crop water use. Leaf area index for the high and normal density treatments reached extremely high values of 24.3 and 14.9, respectively. These values induced higher transpiration rates that were estimated using the Penman-Monteith model with the incorporation of specific parameters for crop and greenhouse conditions. The total N, K, Mg, and Ca contents in the crop canopy at harvest were 26.8, 13.0, 1.0, and 1.7 g m(-2), respectively, under the high density treatment. The dynamics of salt uptake rates for high, normal, and low density treatments were evaluated by assessing weekly changes in salt content, and were subsequently compared against the transpiration rate. A positive linear relationship was obtained between these 2 parameters for: all 3 density treatments and all tested salts. Hence, higher transpiration rates caused higher salt uptake rates through water absorption. On the other hand, salt uptake efficiency per unit water use by cultivation was lower in the low density treatment. Therefore, management procedures with dense planting that induce higher transpiration rates and lower evaporation rate are extremely important for the effective cultivation of corn catch crops.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SPRINGER HEIDELBERG  

Overgrowth of aquatic plants, such as water chestnut, has been reported as a regional problem in various areas. We proposed cascade utilization of water chestnut through the recovery of phenolics, phosphorus, and sugars. Phenolics were extracted using 50 g (wet weight) of biomass with 300 mL of acetone, methanol, or hot water, and the yields of total phenolics were 80.2, 56.2, and 49.7 mg g(-1) dry weight of native biomass, respectively. The rate of eluted phosphorus in the phenolic extraction step was 8.6, 14.8, and 45.3 % of that in the native biomass, respectively, indicating that the use of polar organic solvents suppressed phosphorus elution at the phenolic extraction step. Extraction of phosphorus following the phenolic extraction was combined with alkaline pretreatment (1 % NaOH solution) of biomass for saccharification; 64.1 and 51.0 % of phosphorus in the native biomass were extracted using acetone and methanol for the phenolic extraction, respectively. Saccharification following the alkaline pretreatment showed that the glucose recovery rates were significantly increased (p < 0.05) with the phenolic extraction step compared to alkaline pretreatment alone. This finding indicates that extraction of phenolics not only provides another useful material but also facilitates enzymatic saccharification.

DOI： 10.1007/s11356-013-1547-7

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Nitrous oxide (N2O) produced in shallow groundwater has two emission pathways to the atmosphere: dissolution in subsurface drainage and groundwater and later degassing from water surfaces open to the atmosphere, and upward gas diffusion. N2O undergoing upward diffusion through the soil surface cannot usually be distinguished from N2O produced in the topsoil. To evaluate the emission pathway and rate of groundwater-induced N2O, we conducted a one-year experiment using monolith lysimeters containing 1m-long undisturbed Andosol. We measured emission of N2O via the soil surface and dissolved N2O emitted via subsurface drainage from the non-planted lysimeters under two conditions without fertilizer-nitrogen (N) addition: (1) with the groundwater table at 0.9 m depth (GW), and (2) without any groundwater table (nonGW). Total soil surface N2O emissions in the GW and nonGW treatments were 21.0 +/- 6.3 and 17.0 +/- 1.1mgNm2yr1, respectively (mean +/- standard error, n=3), and the difference between the two treatments was not significant. Total dissolved N2O emissions via drainage in the GW and nonGW treatments were 11.40 +/- 5.68 and 0.42 +/- 0.03mgNm2yr1, respectively. The presence of groundwater significantly increased dissolved N2O emission under zero fertilizer-N addition. This is due to the one to three orders of magnitude higher concentration of dissolved N2O in the GW treatment. Our results indicate that the presence of groundwater increases total N2O emissions from an Andosol upland field via these two pathways.

DOI： 10.1080/00380768.2012.740606

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An in situ technology for mitigating diffuse agricultural pollution using catch crops was developed for simultaneously preventing nitrate groundwater pollution, reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) gas emissions, and removing salts from the topsoil. Seasonal changes in the performance of a catch crop were investigated using lysimeters in a full-scale greenhouse experiment with 50 d cultivation of dent corn. Catch crop cultivation significantly reduced the leached mineral nitrogen by 89-91% in summer, 87-89% in spring, and 61-82% in winter, and it also significantly reduced the N2O emission by 68-84% in summer. The amounts of nitrogen uptake by the catch crop were remarkably higher than those of leached nitrogen and N2O emission in each season. Catch crop cultivation is a promising technology for mitigating diffuse agricultural pollution. © IWA Publishing 2013.

DOI： 10.2166/wst.2013.258

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Catch crop candidates (corn, guinea grass) for recovering nutrients from farm soil and aquatic plants (water caltrop, water hyacinth) were utilized to produce L-lactic acid. The efficiencies of pre-treatment methods for enzymatic saccharification and L-lactate production of two fermentation processes, thermophilic simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF), as well as separate saccharification and fermentation, were compared. Conditions were set at 55 degrees C and pH 5.5 for non-sterile fermentation. Alkaline/peroxide pre-treatment proved the most effective for saccharification in pre-treated corn, guinea grass, water caltrop and water hyacinth with glucose yields of 0.23, 0.20, 0.11 and 0.14 g/g-dry native biomass (24-hour incubation period), respectively. Examination of the two types of thermophilic L-lactate fermentation employed following alkaline/peroxide pre-treatment and saccharification demonstrated that the L-lactate yield obtained using SSF (0.15 g/g in the case of corn) was lower than that obtained using separate saccharification and fermentation (0.28 g/g in the case of corn). The lower yield obtained from SSF is likely to have resulted from the saccharification conditions used in the present study, as the possibility of cellulase deactivation during SSF by thermophilic L-lactate producing bacteria existed. A cellulase that retains high activity levels under non-sterile conditions and a L-lactate producer without cellulose hydrolysis activity would be required in order for SSF to serve as an effective method of L-lactate production.

DOI： 10.1080/09593330.2012.669412

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：IWA PUBLISHING  

As a result of long-term continuous use of fertilizers in farm land, a large amount of nutrients accumulate in the soil, increasing the risk of eutrophication or nitrate pollution of groundwater. For rehabilitating the farm soil and recovering nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, a new system has been developed by our research group. This paper discusses the methodology of extracting nutrients from biomass in order to recover phosphorus and other nutrients in crystal form. Around 80% or higher extraction rates were achieved for phosphorus and potassium by soaking the powdered tissue in distilled water or 1% NaOH solution for 24 h. The extracted phosphorus and potassium act as a potential resource for recycled fertilizer or other industrial materials.

DOI： 10.2166/wst.2012.291

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We cultivated dent corn as a catch crop for controlling soil salt conditions in field plots at different densities, namely, 7.3 (low), 59.7 (normal) and 119.5 (high) plants m -2 in a greenhouse, where environmental elements and plant growth were measured for analyses of evapotranspiration components relating to the catch crop effects. Using the Penman-Monteith model with specific parameters incorporated for the crop and greenhouse, leaf transpiration and soil evaporation were estimated. Further crop coefficients were analyzed by dividing actual evapotranspiration by a reference evapotranspiration determined from meteorological data. Leaf area index for the normal and high density treatments reached 14 and 22, respectively, which were extremely high values compared to those for various other crops. Transpiration and its ratio to evapotranspiration increased with plant growth and density. Crop coefficients also increased with leaf area index and transpiration, and the coefficients for the normal and high density treatments reached high values of 1.5-2 and 2-3, respectively. These findings reveal characteristic features of plant growth and water dynamics in a catch crop field. The results of this study will contribute to the optimization of catch crop cultivation and to elucidate the crop's effects on soil salt conditions in greenhouses.

DOI： 10.2525/ecb.49.217

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOIL SCI SOC AMER  

Nitrate adsorption in a deep Andisol with a high anion exchange capacity (AEC) needs to be studied for groundwater management. We evaluated N balances and NO(3)(-) content profiles under cropping in Andisol fields after 10 yr of repeated N additions of different N sources-swine compost (SC, N application rate of 800 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)), coated urea (CU, 400 kg ha(-1) yr(-1)), or NH(4)-N (AN, 400 kg ha(-1) y(r-1))-and an unfertilized control (NF). The N losses from the 0- to 20-cm layer of three N-treated soils during the experiment were 2300 to 2700 kg N ha(-1), which were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Nitrate-N retention in deep-soil profiles up to 450 cm was 1800 to 2300 kg N.ha(-1) irrespective of N source (P > 0.05), and was 788 kg ha(-1) in the NF treatment. On the other hand, the type of N source affected soil NO(3)(-) content profiles: NO(3)(-) from the two types of slow-release N additions (SC and CU) remained within a depth of 60 cm, whereas NO(3)(-) in the 180- to 280-cm layer was significantly higher in the AN treatment (P < 0.05). Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the primary contributor to soil NO(3)(-) content was Al content derived from allophane and imogolite, followed by soil pH and SO(4)(2-) with negative impacts. In Andisols of Ibaraki, Japan, NO(3)(-) leached from the root zones is retained by adsorption in deep layers, which may reduce the risk of groundwater contamination at least for 10 yr.

DOI： 10.2136/sssaj2007.0212

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  

DOI： 10.20710/dojo.79.1_89

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  

The mechanisms of nitrate (NO_3^-) adsorption and retardation in Andisols are vital to understanding how NO_3^- derived from fertilizers contaminates the groundwater in areas with a volcanic ash soil. In this study, we quantified the relationship between NO_3^- adsorption and retardation in an Andisol under different conditions of pH and coexisting anions. The soil pH was adjusted to 4 or 5 by adding 0.01N HCl or H_2SO_4 solutions. We measured the NO_3^- adsorption on these pH-adjusted soils in batch tests at a soil-to-solution ratio of 1:10, and measured NO_3^- retardation by means of column-flow tests. The NO_3^- adsorption isotherms in the batch tests were described by the Freundlich equation at solution NO_3^- concentrations ranging from I to 10mmol L^<-1>. Nitrate adsorption and retardation were both smaller for H_2SO_4-treated soils than for HCl-treated soils, and decreased at higher soil pH due to the soil's low anion exchange capacity. The retardation factors determined by the column tests were strongly associated with the NO_3^- adsorption measured in the batch tests (r^2=0.99). Furthermore, we could predict the NO_3^- retardation factor from the NO_3^- adsorption in the batch tests through the adsorption-retardation theory. Our results suggest that batch tests for NO_3^- adsorption are a useful tool for inferring NO_3^- retardation in Andisols.

DOI： 10.20710/dojo.79.4_353

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Other Link： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010761441

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Civil Engineers  

The authors examined the effect of flooding activities in a greenhouse on the production and emission of nitrous oxide (N₂O) through field observations. Flooding activities affected not only the groundwater quality but also the N₂O gas flux strongly due to the infiltration of a large amount of N₂O, NO^-₃N, SO^2-₄among others, accumulated to the surface soils. Dissolved N₂O and NO^-₃-N in the groundwater decreased by denitrification in the aquifer with clay layer, and the production of N₂O as an intermediate of N₂ through denitrification is smaller than that during flooding activities. The cumulative amount of N₂O gas flux during 1 month just after flooding was estimated to account for 93% of annual flux. This result clarifies that the influence of the flooding activity on the emission of N₂O is extraordinary.

DOI： 10.11532/proes1992.45.459

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ECOMED PUBLISHERS  

Goal, Scope and Background. Andisols are widespread in Japan and have some special properties such as high anion exchange capacity, low bulk density, and high organic matter content, which might influence the accumulation or chemical fractionation of heavy metals. However, few such data exist in Japanese andisols. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the distribution and chemical fractions of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr in the soil profiles and subsequently to assess their potential environmental hazard.
Materials and Methods. Soil samples were taken from a field experiment conducted on Japanese andisols, which had received either swine compost or chemical fertilizers for 6 years. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cr were determined for all of the obtained extract solutions by ICP-AES.
Results and Discussion. Considerably higher total concentrations of Cu and Zn were observed in the top 20 cm layer of the compost-amended soil, relative to the unfertilized soil, while chemical fertilizers had little effect. Application of the swine compost increased the concentrations of Cu and Zn, but not Ni and Cr, in all fractions in the top 20 cm layer. The greatest increase in the organically bound fraction (OM) Cu and dilute acid-exchangeable fraction (DAEXCH) Zn was observed. This suggests that Cu and Zn are potentially bioavailable and mobile in the andisol profiles after 6-year consecutive applications of the swine compost. On the other hand, distribution of Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr among various soil fractions was generally unaffected by chemical fertilizers.
Conclusions. We observed that 6-year consecutive applications of the swine compost led to an increase in total metals of Cu and Zn, as well as their all-chemical fractions, in the top 20 cm soil layers. Potential hazard of heavy metals, especially of Cu and Zn, as a result of the use of swine compost on andisols, must be taken into account.
Recommendations and Outlook. The long-term effect of the accumulation of heavy metals, particularly Cu and Zn, in various plant tissues and soils, as well as their potential risk to surface water via runoff and groundwater via leaching, needs to be carefully considered. Further investigations in the long-term experiments are therefore necessary.

DOI： 10.1065/espr2005.06.268

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  

DOI： 10.20710/dojo.76.SeparateSpecial_792

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A pot experiment was conducted in a glasshouse to clarify and quantify the effect of plant part, water regime, growth period, and cultivar on carbon isotope discrimination (CID), and to analyze the relationship between CID, stomatal behavior and water-use efficiency (WUE). The experiment was comprised of two upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars and three water regimes (100, 70, and 40% of saturation moisture) in a completely randomized design. Plants were harvested at tillering, flowering, and maturity. No significant cultivar differences in above-ground dry matter-based WUE (WUE A) and total dry matter-based WUE (WUE T) were observed. WUE A (and WUE T) increased with water stress up to tillering, but decreased with water stress after tillering. Significant cultivar differences in CID in all the analyzed plant parts were observed at all harvest times. Reduction in CID with water stress was greatest at tillering, and the effect was less pronounced at flowering and at maturity. At each harvest, the effect was most pronounced in newly developed plant parts. Root and grain tended to have the lowest CID values, and stem the highest, at all harvest times. A negative relationship was observed between CID measured at tillering and WUE A (and WUE T) measured over the period from seedling to tillering, whereas a reverse relationship was obtained between CID measured at flowering and WUE A (and WUE T) measured over the period from tillering to flowering, and an unclear relationship between CID measured at maturity and WUE A (and WUE T) measured over the period from flowering to maturity. The ratio of the intercellular and atmospheric concentration of CO 2 (C i/C a) were closely associated with CID throughout the water regimes when one cultivar was considered, however, cultivar differences in CID were not related to variations in C i/C a. The results indicate that significant cultivar difference existed in CID in all the analyzed plant parts at all harvest times, while corresponding difference in WUE A (and WUE T) between the cultivars was not necessarily consistent.

DOI： 10.1023/B:PLSO.0000035562.79099.55

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Society of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition  

DOI： 10.20710/dojo.75.5_571

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Leaching rates of heavy metals (zinc and copper) and nitrogen were measured in 500-mm deep monolith lysimeters containing a heavy clay soil. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of preferential flow on leaching of these chemicals under different precipitation regimes. N was applied at a rate of 100 kg ha(-1) (50 kg NO3-N ha(-1) and 50 kg NH4-N ha(-1)), Zn, at a rate of 100 kg ha(-1), and Cu, at 40 kg ha(-1). Simultaneously, Br was applied at a rate of 100 kg ha(-1) to provide information on water movement through the profiles. A modified version of the 'tanks-in-series model' was used to describe the distribution function of non-reactive tracer (Br) travel time and compare the results with experimental data obtained in the lysimeters. Rapid discharge of Br in the monoliths was taken as a clear evidence for preferential flow. This flow behaviour was well described by the model through the parameters n and f(m), that is, in terms of the degree of mixing of water in soil and the ratio between mobile regions and the maximum amount of water in a monolith when freely drained. When determining parameter values, the required experimental period was made shorter by using a peak coordinate of distribution of non-reactive tracer travel time, instead of the moment analysis. The model could use the cumulative leachate as the only variable in the distribution function of tracer travel time under non-steady flow conditions. N leaching occurred in the form of NO3-N, which was also largely displaced through preferential flow. Zn leaching was also enhanced by preferential flow, whereas Cu leaching was negligible. Concentrations of NO3-N and Zn in leachate in the treatments, which received the element, often exceeded the Swedish drinking water guideline. The results obtained in this study show that preferential flow may have a substantial influence on leaching of heavy metals and nitrogen, and the combination of monolith lysimeters and the modified tanks-in-series model may be used to classify soils in terms of the occurrence of such flow behaviour. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPANESE SOC SOIL SCIENCE PLANT NUTRITION  

Wick samplers could be used for measurements of solute transport, Water collection efficiency of wick samplers, defined as the volume of water collected by a sampler divided by the water flux from the root zone, should be close to 100%, We used three wick samplers differing in wall height in Hydric Hapludands under constant rainfall intensity and examined the effects of the rainfall intensity and wall height on the water collection efficiency based on experimental data and a numerical analysis. The water collection efficiency of wick samplers increased with the rainfall intensity and wall height because the increase in both rainfall intensity and wall height resulted in a distribution of the total potential inside the wick sampler close to that outside the wick sampler. Furthermore, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the drain hole to that of the cylinder must be taken into account in the design of a wick sampler.

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD  

Using I-125 as tracer, the migration of iodide and iodate in a solvent flowing steadily through saturated sandy soil was examined in column experiment and analyzed theoretically, with particular reference to the effect of differences in pH value. Runs at pH 3, medial pH and pH 10 were performed to determine breakthrough data from radioactivity measurements on the effluent solution.
The results obtained from column experiments indicated that, for the same pH, sandy soil sorbed iodate ((IO3-)-I-125) more strongly than iodide (I-125(-)), and that, for the same chemical form, more effective sorption is shown at lower than at high pH. This indicated that the sorption behavior of iodine in sandy soil depended significantly on their chemical form and on pH-i.e. the hydrogen ion concentration in the influent solution.
The strong sorption of iodate under medial pH and pH 3-evidenced by the breakthrough data-was simulated numerically, based on mathematical expressions representing a combination of instantaneous (equilibrium) and limited-rate (non-equilibrium) sorption processes. Unknown parameters incorporated in the model were determined by a procedure of fitting the mathematically derived curves to the observed plots for different experimental conditions, as a result of which good agreement was obtained of the calculated curves with the observed breakthrough plots.

DOI： 10.1080/18811248.1994.9735229

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：一般社団法人日本土壌肥料学会  

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Language：English   Publisher：DE GRUYTER OPEN LTD  

Catch crop cultivation coupled with subsequent flood activity is an environmental friendly method of removing nutrient salts from soil in greenhouse. However, in comparison with the usual fallow period in greenhouse horticulture in Japan, a longer time is required for cultivation and soil drying after flooding. To minimize such time while retaining catch crop performance, temporal flooding was conducted in an experimental catch crop field of corn before harvest (i.e., pre-harvest temporal flooding), when crops were growing well and most nutrient salts within the soil had been taken up by the roots. Results showed that pre-harvest temporal flooding enhanced crop growth and stomatal opening; hence, evapotranspiration (mostly transpiration) was increased to a high value (3.5 times that of bare soil plot in greenhouse). Therefore, compared with the bare soil field, there was a remarkable pronounced decrease in the soil water content due to evapotranspirational water loss in the catch crop field after temporal flooding. Furthermore, the total nutrient (nitrogen) uptake by crops was also significantly accelerated in relation to pre-harvest flooding owing to the increase in crop growth. It was also found that electrical conductivity and nitrate nitrogen concentration of soil solution (at a soil-water ratio of 1:5) decreased with time owing to root uptake, and were at a fairly low level when pre-harvest flooding was conducted. These results suggest that pre-harvest temporal flooding shortens the implementation time by accelerating soil drying, and increases salt removal by root uptake; thus, this method delivers considerable advantages for practical use in catch crop cultivation.

DOI： 10.2478/s11756-014-0470-9

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DOI： 10.20710/dojo.83.2_203

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Other Link： http://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010831751

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DOI： 10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu1962.45.219

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JALC/00291258296?from=CiNii

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DOI： 10.11408/jjsidre1965.74.977

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Event date： 2021.9.29

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Venue：八雲環境科学振興財団  

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Venue：日本大学  

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Venue：Colombo, Sri Lanka  

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Venue：Okayama University - Hue University Joint Symposium on Education and Research Programs for Environmental and Agricultural Sciences  

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Venue：Okayama University - Hue University Joint Symposium on Education and Research Programs for Environmental and Agricultural Sciences  

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Venue：Nanjing, China  

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Venue：和歌山大学  

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Venue：日本大学  

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Venue：岡山大学  

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Venue：岡山大学  

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Venue：メルパルク京都  

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Venue：Melbourne, Australia  

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Venue：千葉工業大学  

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Venue：佐賀大学  

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Venue：佐賀大学  

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Venue：佐賀大学  

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Venue：Wanju, Korea  

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Venue：仙台  

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Venue：Busan,Korea  

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Venue：京都  

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Venue：京都  

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Venue：宮崎  

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Venue：東京  

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Venue：千葉  

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Venue：千葉  

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Event date： 2015

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Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.12.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.11.28

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.11.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.11.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.11.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.11.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.11.11

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.9.18 - 2012.9.20

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.9.16 - 2012.9.21

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.9.16 - 2012.9.21

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.9.4 - 2012.9.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.9.4 - 2012.9.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.9.4 - 2012.9.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.9.4 - 2012.9.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2012.9.4

Language：Japanese  

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Event date： 2012.9.4

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Event date： 2012.6.22

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

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Event date： 2011.11.25 - 2011.11.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.11.25 - 2011.11.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.11.25 - 2011.11.27

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.10.30 - 2011.11.4

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.10.2 - 2011.10.6

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.9.25 - 2011.9.30

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.9.6 - 2011.9.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.9.6 - 2011.9.8

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.8.8 - 2011.8.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2011.8.8 - 2011.8.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2011.8.8 - 2011.8.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

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Event date： 2011.6.22 - 2011.6.24

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Izmir, Turkey  

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Event date： 2011.6.22 - 2011.6.24

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Izmir, Turkey  

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Event date： 2011.6.22 - 2011.6.24

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Izmir, Turkey  

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Event date： 2011.6.22 - 2011.6.24

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Izmir, Turkey  

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Event date： 2011.3.18 - 2011.3.20

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2011.3.18 - 2011.3.20

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.12.3 - 2010.12.7

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.11.12 - 2010.11.14

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.11.12 - 2010.11.14

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.11.12 - 2010.11.14

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.11.12 - 2010.11.14

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.10.31 - 2010.11.4

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.9.8 - 2010.9.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.9.7 - 2010.9.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.9.7 - 2010.9.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.9.7 - 2010.9.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.9.7 - 2010.9.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.8.31 - 2010.9.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.8.31 - 2010.9.1

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.3.15 - 2010.3.17

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2010.3.15 - 2010.3.17

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

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Event date： 2009.11.1 - 2009.11.5

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：Pittsburgh  

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Event date： 2009.9.15 - 2009.9.17

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：京都大学  

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Event date： 2009.9.15 - 2009.9.17

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：京都大学  

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Event date： 2009.8.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：岡山大学  

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Event date： 2009.8.4 - 2009.8.6

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：筑波大学  

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Event date： 2009.6.22

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：Hue University  

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Event date： 2009.5.9

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：近畿中国四国農業研究センター（善通寺市）  

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Event date： 2009.1.21

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (invited, special)  

Venue：近畿中国四国農業研究センター（善通寺市）  

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Event date： 2008.12.13

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：阿見町  

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Event date： 2008.10.26 - 2008.11.1

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：富山市  

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Event date： 2008.9.18

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：高知市  

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Event date： 2008.9.9 - 2008.9.11

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋市  

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Event date： 2008.9.9 - 2008.9.11

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：名古屋市  

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Event date： 2008.7.26

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：善通寺市  

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Event date： 2008.7.5 - 2008.7.6

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：北広島町  

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Event date： 2008.3.14

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：東京都  

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Event date： 2008.2.26 - 2008.2.27

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：つくば市  

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Event date： 2008.2.7 - 2008.2.8

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：つくば市  

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Event date： 2007.8.22 - 2007.8.24

Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：東京  

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Event date： 2007.8.22 - 2007.8.24

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：東京  

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Event date： 2007.8.22 - 2007.8.24

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：東京  

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Event date： 2007.8.22 - 2007.8.24

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：東京  

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Event date： 2007.2.8 - 2007.2.9

Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：千葉  

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