Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER PHYSICAL SOC  

A computational technique based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is developed to simulate the wettable particles adsorbed to a liquid-vapor interface under gravity. The proposed technique combines the improved smoothed-profile LBM for the treatment of moving solid particles in a fluid and the free-energy LBM for the description of a liquid-vapor system. Five benchmark two-dimensional problems are examined: (A) a stationary liquid drop in the vapor phase; a wettable particle adsorbed to a liquid-vapor interface in (B) the absence and (C) the presence of gravity; (D) two freely moving particles at a liquid-vapor interface in the presence of gravity (i.e., capillary flotation forces); and (E) two vertically constrained particles at a liquid-vapor interface (i.e., capillary immersion forces). The simulation results are in good quantitative agreement with theoretical estimations, demonstrating that the proposed technique can reproduce the capillary interactions between wettable particles at a liquid-vapor interface under gravity.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevE.105.045316

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC  

Owing to the limitations of visualization techniques in experimental studies and low-resolution numerical models based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the detailed behavior of oil droplets during microfiltration is not well understood. Hence, a high-resolution CFD model based on an in-house direct numerical simulation (DNS) code was constructed in this study to analyze the detailed dynamics of an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion using a microfiltration membrane. The realistic microporous structure of commercial ceramic microfiltration membranes (mullite and alpha-alumina membranes) was obtained using an image processing technique based on focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). Numerical simulations of microfiltration of O/W emulsions on the membrane microstructure obtained by FIB-SEM were performed, and the effects of different parameters, including contact angle, transmembrane pressure, and membrane microporous structure, on filtration performance were studied. Droplet deformation had a strong impact on filtration behavior because coalesced droplets with diameters larger than the pore diameter permeated the membrane pores. The permeability, oil hold-up fraction inside the pores, and rejection were considerably influenced by the contact angle, while the transmembrane pressure had a little impact on the permeability and oil hold-up fraction. The membrane structure, especially the pore size distribution, also had a significant effect on the microfiltration behavior and performance.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c03183

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The formation of porous structures from polymer solutions at the surface in contact with various solid surfaces via a thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) process is investigated. The pore formation process at the bulk and the surface of the poly(methyl methacrylate)/cyclohexanol solution is simulated with a model based on the phase field method. When the compatibilities between the polymer-rich phase formed by the phase separation and the solid surface are high or low, surface porosity decreases. In contrast, for the solid surface having similar compatibilities with the polymer and solvent, high surface porosity is achieved. This indicates that the compatibility between the solid surface and polymer solution is important, and that optimal compatibility results in high surface porosity. The knowledge obtained in this work is useful to design the coagulation bath component in the membrane preparation process by TIPS for achieving high surface porosity.

DOI： 10.3390/membranes11070527

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier BV  

In this study, we investigated the permeation behavior of particles through a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fibrous filter using a numerical simulation approach. To represent realistic flow inside the filter during simulation, voxel data obtained from X-ray computed tomography (CT) images of the PPS filter microstructure were used. To cal-culate the contact force between the particle and the fiber surface, we propose a new method to create a signed distance function (SDF) of the PPS filter structure by utilizing the phase-field model and the level set method. Our method successfully constructs SDF from the complex filter microstructures created from the X-ray CT images. As a demonstration of the application of this method, the permeation of four particles through a realistic filter mi-crostructure was simulated. The effect of the filter microstructure, such as the fiber orientation and porosity, on the permeation behavior of the particles was investigated using several filter domains. Our simulations dem-onstrate that the behavior of the particles in contact with the fiber surface can be reasonably described by apply-ing SDF. The particles tend to contact the fibers oriented perpendicularly to the main flow direction rather than the fibers oriented parallelly. In addition, particles remain inside lower porous filter domains for longer durations because of an increase in the probability of contact with the fiber surfaces.(c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.02.072

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Physical Society (APS)  

A computational technique was developed to simulate wettable particles trapped at a fluid-fluid interface under gravity. The proposed technique combines the improved smoothed profile-lattice Boltzmann method (iSP-LBM) for the treatment of moving solid-fluid boundaries and the free-energy LBM for the description of isodensity immiscible two-phase flows. We considered five benchmark problems in two-dimensional systems, including a stationary drop, a wettable particle trapped at a fluid-fluid interface in the absence or presence of gravity, two freely moving particles at a fluid-fluid interface in the presence of gravity (i.e., capillary floatation forces), and two vertically constrained particles at a fluid-fluid interface (i.e., capillary immersion forces). The simulation results agreed well with theoretical estimations, demonstrating the efficacy of the proposed technique.

DOI： 10.1103/physreve.101.033304

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Other Link： http://harvest.aps.org/v2/journals/articles/10.1103/PhysRevE.101.033304/fulltext

Authorship：Corresponding author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The color tone of pigments is affected by various factors such as crystal structure and particle size. These characteristics should be determined by synthesis condition. In this study, the influence of cobalt source on the color tone of cobalt blue pigment was investigated. Cobalt blue (CoAl2O4) was synthesized by solid-state reaction method. Co3O4 and Co(OH)2 with two different particle sizes were used as the cobalt source, and γ-Al2O3 was used as the aluminum source. The products were characterized by spectrophotometry, XRD, SEM, and TG/DTA. It was revealed that the chroma of the synthesized cobalt blue depends on the cobalt source. The cobalt blue synthesized using smaller size Co(OH)2 showed most vivid color. It was suggested that the number of the contact points between the starting materials increased with decreasing the particle size, leading to the progress of the reaction.

DOI： 10.4164/sptj.56.446

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© 2019 The Society of Powder Technology Japan We present a two-dimensional simulation model to explore cake formation in cross-flow filtration. The model uses the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for fluid computation and the discrete element method (DEM) for particle computation; they were fully coupled with the smoothed profile method. We verified our model by simulating filtration under different transmembrane pressures. We then investigated the effects of attractive forces and particle concentration on the cake formation mechanism. Generally, as the attractive interaction and particle concentration increased, the particles formed a cake layer with a looser body and rough surface, due to the decrease in the mobility of the particles in contact with the cake surface. It is concluded that the effects of particle concentration are affected by the different conditions of attractive interactions between the particles.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apt.2019.05.006

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

We present simulations showing the particulate flows passing through a single membrane pore under a dead-end and constant-pressure condition. We investigate the effects of the rolling friction acting on particles and the particle concentration on the pore clogging phenomena. A decrease in the rolling friction coefficient of particles shifts the clogging position toward the permeate side and decelerates the permeating flux decline. This effect of the rolling friction coefficient decreases with increasing particle concentration. Furthermore, we simulate the permeation of two-component suspensions, which include two types of particles with large and small rolling friction coefficients. The small number of particles with a large friction coefficient drastically accelerate the pore clogging because they first deposit near the pore entrance and trap subsequent particles. This result indicates that particles that are less accumulated on the membrane under a single-component condition may be primary foulants in a multicomponent system.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ces.2018.05.061

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevier Ltd  

The permeation of an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion through a coalescing filter was numerically studied using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). A numerical simulation model for the coalescing phenomena was developed based on the free-energy LBM. We investigated the effects of the wettability of fibers, filter porosity, and fiber diameter on the coalescing behaviors by performing two-dimensional permeation simulations for the O/W emulsions through modeled fibrous filters. We mainly focused on hydrophilic filters because they did not generate small secondary droplets during oil droplet detachment from the filter, and this is preferred for precise separation of oil and water. Our simulations demonstrated that filters with larger pore spacings enable formation of larger droplets but allow more droplets to pass without coalescing. To solve this problem, we designed bi-layered filters composed of a small-pore filter to accurately catch the droplets and a large-pore filter to enlarge the droplets
we demonstrated the effectiveness of the bilayer structure for membrane coalescence.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ces.2017.11.027

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.4164/sptj.55.165

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Authorship：Lead author,　Corresponding author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER PHYSICAL SOC  

A computational method for the simulation of particulate flows that can efficiently treat the particle-fluid boundary in systems containing many particles was developed based on the smoothed-profile lattice Boltzmann method (SPLBM). In our proposed method, which we call the improved SPLBM (iSPLBM), for an accurate and stable simulation of particulate flows, the hydrodynamic force on a moving solid particle is exactly formulated with consideration of the effect of internal fluid mass. To validate the accuracy and stability of iSPLBM, we conducted numerical simulations of several particulate flow systems and compared our results with those of other simulations and some experiments. In addition, we performed simulations on flotation of many lightweight particles with a wide range of particle size distribution, the results of which demonstrated the effectiveness of iSPLBM. Our proposed model is a promising method to accurately and stably simulate extensive particulate flows.

DOI： 10.1103/PhysRevE.95.043309

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

The forward osmosis (FO) membrane separation process is one of the emerging membrane technologies that can meet the increasing global demand for clean water. We synthesize the Fe3O4/SiO2 core/shell particles functionalized with sodium polyacrylate (PNaAA) as a draw solute, which generates the driving force to transport water through an FO membrane in this process. The Fe3O4 core enables the recovery and dispersion of the particles using a magnetic field, while the grafted PNaAA provides the high osmotic pressure required to transport water. Preparing an SiO2 shell over the Fe3O4 core of the particles enables the chemical immobilization of the PNaAA on the particle surface and increases their stability as a draw solute. Here, Fe3O4 core particles with a controlled size of the submicron-meter order are prepared by a solvothermal method, followed by the formation of the SiO2 shell. Subsequently, the Fe3O4/SiO2 core/shell particles are modified with PNaAA using surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). The effects of the amount of grafted PNaAA and the particle size on the performance as a draw solute are investigated by conducting osmolality measurements and recovery tests. The synthesized particles are able to maintain a stable dispersion even after ten cycles of assembling/dispersing operations. (C) 2016 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apt.2016.08.001

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Chemical cleaning is conducted to recover the permeability of membranes when other physical cleaning methods are not effective. This research examined cleaning by sodium hypochlorite solution with a focus on how the ionic strength of the solution affects its efficiency during flux recovery. Ultrafiltration membranes with various molecular weight cut-offs were clogged with bovine serum albumin, then flushed with sodium hypochlorite solutions of different ionic strengths. On increasing the ionic strength of the solution, the speed of flux recovery was retarded at first, before the recovery suddenly accelerated. The effects of ionic strength on both the reaction and diffusion of the cleaning process were investigated to understand the mechanism. It was inferred that the diffusivity of the foulant inside the membrane pores was altered under conditions of high ionic strength, which led to this unique tendency. This finding provides insight into the fouling mechanism and the movement of foulants inside the membrane pores. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.05.028

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY  

The permeation of an oil-in-water emulsion through a coalescing filter is studied numerically. Our simulation model is based on the phase-field model owing to its simple description of the wetting behavior of oil droplets on versatile surfaces. To realize two-dimensional (2D) simulations of the coalescing processes, we construct a 2D filter model which describes the cross-sectional structure of a fibrous filter in a simple manner. We investigate the effects of wettability, permeation flux, and fiber diameter on coalescing behavior. Oil droplets attach to the fibers and coalesce with each other, forming a bridging structure between fibers which promotes droplet coalescence unless the bridging structure blocks the entire flow path. This coalescence-promoting effect of the bridging structure is observed under conditions where the fluid velocity inside a pore is relatively large. We demonstrate that our numerical model provides useful information to effectively design a coalescing filter and process. (c) 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers

DOI： 10.1002/aic.15206

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We numerically investigated the demulsification phenomena of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions using a membrane coalescence process. We simulated the permeation of O/W emulsions through a membrane with a single straight pore using our numerical framework based on the coupled level set and volume-of-fluid (CLSVOF) method. With a low droplet volume fraction, small droplets, and a large pore size, the oil droplets frequently passed through the membrane without attaching to its surface. After the steady coalescence of the droplets on the membrane surface at the permeation side, large oil droplets could be obtained. With a higher droplet volume fraction, larger oil droplets, and smaller membrane pores, the oil droplets easily blocked the membrane pores and were thus forced away by the permeating flow, which yielded relatively small oil droplets. Our numerical work revealed the fundamental dynamics of the coalescence of oil droplets in an O/W emulsion using a simple membrane model. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.11.059

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

We present a three-dimensional phase-field simulation of membrane porous structure formation via spinoclal decomposition by the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method. The free energy of the polymer solution system was described based on the Flory-Huggins theory, and the mobility was calculated from the solvent self-diffusion coefficients estimated by the free-volume theory of Vrentas and Duta. We explored the effects of initial polymer concentration, quench temperature, and gradient energy parameter on the membrane morphology evolution. The initial domain size increased with the decreasing driving force for the spinoclal decomposition and the increasing contribution of the gradient energy to the total energy. The morphology evolution during the intermediate and late stage of spinodal decomposition also depended on the membrane morphology formed at the initial stage, such as bicontinuous or droplet structures. We also simulated the membrane formation under the influence of a polymer concentration gradient in the TIPS process. The polymer concentration gradient led to the formation of membranes with anisotropic pore structures. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

DOI： 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.02.005

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC  

Vertical convective self-assembly is capable of fabricating stripe-patterned structures of colloidal particles with well-ordered periodicity. To unveil the mechanism of the stripe pattern formation, in the present study, we focus on the meniscus shape and conduct in situ observations of shape deformation associated with particulate line evolution. The results reveal that the meniscus is elongated downward in a concave fashion toward the substrate in accordance with solvent evaporation, while the concave deformation is accelerated by solvent flow, resulting in the rupture of the liquid film at the thinnest point of the meniscus. The meniscus rupture triggers the meniscus to slide off from the particulate line, followed by the propagation of the sliding motion of the three-phase contact line, resulting in the formation of stripe spacing.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00467

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE MEMBRANE SOCIETY OF JAPAN  

We present a numerical method to simulate the permeation behavior of oil–in–water (O/W) emulsions with soluble surfactants through a membrane pore. Our numerical frame work is based on the phase–field model, which enables us to capture the thermodynamic and hydrodynamic effects of surfactants on oil droplet motion. We investigated the effects of surfactant concentration on the permeation behavior of oil droplets. Existence of surfactants made demulsification behavior complicated because oil droplets covered with surfactants are deformed easily by permeation flow.

DOI： 10.5360/membrane.40.155

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Other Link： https://jlc.jst.go.jp/DN/JLC/20011687892?from=CiNii

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV  

Microwire networks composed of noble metal particles are promising for the use of transparent conductive films. Bottom-up approaches can offer a route to establishing a fabrication technique that is robust and cost-effective, and template-assisted self-assembly techniques are widely used. However, they require additional processes to prepare templates and generally suffer from the difficulty in a large-scale fabrication. A template-free technique thus waits to be developed.
In the present study, we explore a template free technique to fabricate colloidal networks of Au nanoparticles. We combine the convective self-assembly method with a liquid-level manipulation scheme in which the suspension is periodically pumped out. By using the technique, we successfully fabricate stripe, grid, and triangle patterns with controlled periodicity and examine the relationship between operation parameters and the resultant structures. We then measure the transparency and conductivity of a grid pattern to demonstrate the property as the transparent conductive film. (C) 2014 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apt.2014.01.013

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：SOC CHEMICAL ENG JAPAN  

This study presents a numerical method to coordinate membrane structure calculated by the phase-field method with direct numerical simulation of particulate flow. The immersed boundary method was used for coordination of the fluid computation; and level set method was used for coordination of the particle computation, which requires the distance between the membrane surface and the particles and the direction of fluid flow. The coordinated simulation was then applied to the permeation of a single particle through two types of membrane structures. First, the phase field method was used to prepare two types of membranes with differing phase separation times, then direct numerical simulation was performed for the permeation of a single particle through these membranes. Markedly different particle velocities and permeation times were found between two types of membrane structures.

DOI： 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.40.230

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY  

In this paper, we investigated the demulsification behavior of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions during membrane permeation in the oil-water separation process using a numerical simulation approach. To accurately deal with the large deformation of the oil-water interface by coalescence and wetting, and to estimate the volume of the coalesced oil droplet, the coupled level set and volume-of-fluid method was used as the interface capturing method. We applied the simulation model to the permeation of O/W emulsions through a membrane pore, and then investigated the effects of the wettability of the membrane surface, filtration flux, and pore size on the demulsification efficiency. The results showed that oil droplets were likely to coalesce on the outlet membrane surface. High wettability on the membrane surface and low fluid velocity inside the pore increased the demulsification efficiency. This is the first work to numerically simulate the demulsification behavior of emulsions through membranes in the oil-water separation process.

DOI： 10.1039/c4sm00705k

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC  

Chemically converted graphene (CCG), from a chemistry point of view, is a giant molecule with a unique two-dimensional (2D) configuration. The availability of CCG dispersion provides a range of scalable methods to assemble graphene-based materials but brings the challenge of understanding and control of the CCG morphology in solution processing. In this study, we found that, similar to conventional colloidal systems (e.g., spherical particles or polymers), a 2D sheet of CCG can be transferred from its aqueous dispersion to solid substrates in the form of highly regular stripe patterns by evaporation-driven deposition. The width and spacing can be defined by the concentration of the CCG dispersion and the properties of the substrate (e.g., roughness and surface charge). Furthermore, the high resolution AFM images illustrate that both 2D flattened and highly wrinkled CCG can be formed in each individual stripe, depending on the location across the stripe. The in situ optical observation of the stripe formation indicates that the morphological change of CCG may occur in the crowded meniscus of the drying front.

DOI： 10.1021/am401918f

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC  

Cluster arrays composed of metal nanoparticles are promising for application in sensing devices because of their interesting surface plasmon characteristics. Herein, we report the spontaneous formation of cluster arrays of gold colloids on flat substrates by vertical-deposition convective self-assembly. In this technique, under controlled temperature, a hydrophilic substrate is vertically immersed in a colloid suspension. Cluster arrays form when the particle concentration is extremely low (in the order of 10(-6)-10(-8) v/v). These arrays are arranged in a hierarchically ordered structure, where the particles form clusters that are deposited at a certain separation distance from each other, to form "dotted" lines that are in turn aligned with a constant spacing. The size of the cluster can be controlled by varying the particle concentration and temperature while an equal separation distance is maintained between the lines formed by the clusters. Our technique thus demonstrates a one-step, template-free fabrication method for cluster arrays. In addition, through the direct observation of the assembly process, the spacing between the dotted lines is found to result from the "stick-and-slip" behavior of the meniscus tip, which is entirely different from the formation processes observed for the striped patterns, which we reported previously at higher particle concentrations. The difference in the meniscus behavior possibly comes from the difference in colloidal morphology at the meniscus tip. These results demonstrate the self-regulating characteristics of the convective self-assembly process to produce colloidal patterns, whose structure depends on particle concentration and temperature.

DOI： 10.1021/la302811y

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC  

We describe a template-free technique for arranging colloidal particles into a stripe pattern on a large scale. A simple liquid-level manipulation system was incorporated into the vertical-deposition convective self-assembly (CSA) technique. By periodically pumping a colloidal dispersion out of or into a reservoir to manipulate the liquid level, we successfully fabricated stripe patterns with various periodicities (i.e., line widths and spacings) that are unachievable with the normal CSA technique. We developed a simple model to predict the periodicity of the resultant colloidal stripes that enables the tailored fabrication of colloidal stripes with the desirable periodicity for a practical application. This technique has the advantages of versatility and scalability. By combining this technique with the two-step CSA technique (Mino et al., Langmuir 2011, 27(9), 5290-5295), we fabricated a large-sized colloidal grid network pattern of silver nanoparticles.

DOI： 10.1021/am300526g

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DOI： 10.4164/sptj.49.356

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：AMER CHEMICAL SOC  

We explored a "template-free" approach to arranging colloidal particles into a network pattern by a convective self-assembly technique. In this approach, which we call "two-step convective self-assembly," a stripe pattern of colloidal particles is first prepared on a substrate by immersing it in a suspension. The substrate with the stripes is then rotated by 90 degrees and again immersed in the suspension to produce stripes perpendicular to the first ones, resulting in a grid-pattern network of colloidal arrays. The width of the colloidal grid lines can be controlled by changing the particle concentration while maintaining an almost constant spacing between the lines. On the basis of these results, we propose a mechanism for grid pattern formation. Our method is applicable to various types of particles. In addition, the wide applicability of this method was employed to create a hybrid grid pattern.

DOI： 10.1021/la200515w

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