Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本学生相談学会  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本学生相談学会  

CiNii Books

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Authorship：Lead author  

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：名古屋大学大学院教育発達科学研究科  

In recent years, social withdrawal (hikikomori) has become a serious social problem in Japan. Moreover, social withdrawal is likely to become a global issue. Many studies have been conducted to investigate social withdrawal and to assess the need for early intervention and support for social withdrawal. This study reviewed concepts of related to social withdrawal at the domestic and overseas levels; it also clarified the trends and future direction of studies regarding social withdrawal. First, this study indicated that many concepts and definitions of social withdrawal prevailed at the domestic and overseas levels. In Japan, social withdrawal is mainly defined as the phenomenon of staying at home for more than six months; this phenomenon occurs beyond puberty and adolescence and is related to experiences of school refusal. On the other hand, overseas definitions of social withdrawal widely refer to loneliness and isolating of oneself from peers. Second, this study identified factors involved in social withdrawal and explanatory factors were further categorized as demographic, intrapersonal, and environmental factors. Moreover, this study indicated that a tendency to account for pursuing the support methods for social withdrawal in Japan, alongside investigating the cause of social withdrawal at the overseas level. Finally, this study suggested that studies of social withdrawal at the domestic and overseas levels share a complementary relationship. Thus, overseas knowledge regarding the causes of social withdrawal is probably a good resource for designing early intervention and support for social withdrawal in Japan. Further study is thus essential to consider the biological and temperamental factors involved in social withdrawal, apprehend social withdrawal as a process of interacting with multiple factors, and conduct a longitudinal survey relating to social withdrawal.

DOI： 10.18999/nupsych.66.1.5

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/2237/00032186

Authorship：Lead author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Society of Personality Psychology  

This study examined the relationship between hikikomori tendency, effortful control (EC), and attention bias. University students (40 males and 60 females) performed dot-probe tasks and completed self-report questionnaires to assess hikikomori tendency and EC. The dot-probe tasks featured three types of stimuli: positive words, negative words, and neutral words. The engagement score and difficulty to disengage score were measured as attention bias score. The results of moderated mediation analysis by gender indicated that EC and attention to positive stimuli significantly reduced the hikikomori tendency. Moreover, attention to positive stimuli also reduced the hikikomori tendency in males with more EC. Further, in females, EC was directly negatively associated with the hikikomori tendency as well as indirectly negatively associated with the hikikomori tendency, through the mediation of paying attention to positive stimuli. Thus, enhancement of attention to positive stimuli could help support the hikikomori tendency.

DOI： 10.2132/personality.28.2.9

DOI： 10.5926/arepj.60.69_references_DOI_5G15pn6Khi7W7wuRYaLHJ1Z7EYw

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Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/030083280

Total pages：v, 196p   Language：Japanese

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Event date： 2015.9.22

Language：Japanese  

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Other Link： https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2016033696

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